国产隐球菌荚膜多糖胶体金法检测试剂盒性能评价

目的评价由丹娜(天津)生物科技股份有限公司生产的隐球菌荚膜多糖检测试剂盒(胶体金法,考核试剂)的检测性能。方法选取隐球菌和隐球菌近缘菌及肺部感染常见菌种共28属100株菌作为研究对象,配制0.5麦氏浊度单位(0.5 M)菌液检测试剂的特异性,0.5 M阳性的菌株以10倍倍比稀释液作为灵敏度检测菌液,以2 M和4 M浓度菌液作为钩状效应检测菌液,并以美国Immuno Mycologics公司生产的隐球菌抗原检测(胶体金免疫层析法)试剂盒作为对比试剂,比较两家试剂的一致性。结果31株隐球菌属菌株中,考核试剂检测出阳性25株(新型隐球菌和格特隐球菌均为阳性),阴性6株(维多利亚隐球菌、C.dimennae和大隐球菌);16株毛孢子菌属菌株中,检测出阳性12株,阴性4株;1株Cutaneotrichosporon curvatum检测结果为阳性;52株其他菌株的检测结果均为阴性;灵敏度实验结果显示考核试剂隐球菌最低检出限为1.0×10² CFU/mL;2 M和4 M浓度菌液均未出现钩状效应。结论考核试剂隐球菌荚膜多糖检测试剂盒(胶体金法)检测隐球菌属的灵敏度高于比对试剂;特异性方面存在一定的属内和属外交叉反应,但与对比试剂的检测结果高度一致;考核试剂与比对试剂均无钩状效应产生。     

上皮间充质转化在后囊膜下混浊中的研究进展

白内障是我国首位致盲性眼病，也是世界上多数国家致盲的主要原因，目前手术是唯一有效的治疗方法。而后囊膜下混浊即后发性白内障(PCO)是白内障术后常见的并发症，也是导致术后视力下降的主要原因。研究表明，术后残留的晶状体上皮细胞(LECs)发生上皮间充质转化(EMT)在PCO的发生发展中起到了重要的作用。本文主要概述了近些年来EMT在PCO中的研究进展。     

超声乳化术中联合应用囊袋张力环对不同眼轴长度超高度近视合并白内障患者的临床疗效

目的探讨超声乳化术中联合囊袋张力环植入对不同眼轴长度(axial length,AL)超高度近视合并白内障患者的疗效和安全性。方法选取2016年10月至2019年6月于我院治疗的超高度近视合并白内障患者56例(56眼)。将患者随机分成两组观察组28例(28眼),其中AL为27~<30 mm者12眼,AL≥30 mm者16眼;对照组28例(28眼),其中AL为27~<30 mm者14眼,AL≥30 mm者14眼。观察组超声乳化术中联合应用囊袋张力环植入,对照组术中不植入张力环。术后随访3个月,检测各组患者视力、眼压、角膜内皮细胞计数、人工晶状体偏心量和倾斜度,同时对各组患者进行主观视觉质量量表评分。结果两组不同AL患者术后3个月最佳矫正视力均较术前升高(均为P<0.05);两组不同AL患者间比较差异则均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。两组不同AL患者术后3个月眼压和角膜内皮细胞计数均较术前降低(均为P<0.05);两组不同AL患者间比较差异则均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。术后1个月和3个月两组不同AL患者各自组间水平偏心量、垂直偏心量及总偏心量比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。术后1个月和3个月两组27 mm≤AL<30 mm患者组间水平倾斜度、垂直倾斜度及总倾斜度比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。术后1个月,观察组AL≥30 mm患者水平倾斜度和总倾斜度均低于对照组同级AL患者,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);垂直倾斜度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月,观察组AL≥30 mm患者垂直倾斜度和总倾斜度均低于对照组同级AL患者,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);水平倾斜度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月两组患者主观视觉质量评分均高于术前;两组间同级AL患者观察组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。术后随访3个月,两组患者均未发生眼压升高、角膜内皮失代偿、人工晶状体脱位、眼内炎、视网膜脱离等并发症。结论超声乳化术中联合应用囊袋张力环治疗超高度近视合并白内障安全稳定,并能获得理想的视觉质量。     

Antibody persistence and booster response following MenACWY-CRM vaccination in children as assessed by two different assay methods

BackgroundThe quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine MenACWY-CRM has been shown to be immunogenic and well-tolerated in infants and toddlers. We evaluated antibody persistence for up to 4 years after vaccination with MenACWY-CRM in the first years of life and response to a booster dose administered at 60 months of age.MethodsThis was phase 3b, open-label, multicenter extension trial (NCT01148017). We assessed by hSBA and rSBA the persistence of antibody responses to serogroups ACWY in 203 healthy 60-month-olds receiving 4 doses of MenACWY-CRM during infancy (ACWY-4 group), or 2 doses at 12/13 and 15 months or 1 dose at 18 months of age (ACWY-2 group). We administered a MenACWY-CRM dose to 224 primed and 45 naïve 60-month-olds and evaluated safety and antibody response 1 month later.ResultsAntibody persistence measured by both assays was higher in primed than naïve 60-month-olds. The percentages of primed children with hSBA titers ≥8 was low for serogroup A (6–25%) and moderate for serogroups C (27–43%), Y (69–74%) and W (56–69%). For all serogroups, hSBA antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) tended to be higher in the ACWY-2 than the ACWY-4 group. Post-booster/single dose, ≥96% of primed and ≥73% of naïve children had hSBA titers ≥8 against each serogroup, and hSBA GMTs were higher in primed children. The booster dose was well-tolerated and no safety concern was identified. We further assessed persistence using rSBA across different age groups and detected no overall correlation between rSBA and hSBA titers.ConclusionsPrimary vaccination of infants/toddlers with MenACWY-CRM resulted in moderate antibody persistence against serogroups C, W and Y for up to 4 years after the last priming dose. Regardless of priming schedule, a MenACWY-CRM booster dose at 60 months of age induced a robust immune response against all serogroups and was well-tolerated in all children.     

Comparison between a new multiplex electrochemiluminescence assay and the WHO reference enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure serum antibodies against pneumococcal serotype-specific polysaccharides

Background

Two electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays were developed which, together, can simultaneously measure serum antibodies against pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (PnPS) for 17 serotypes. The assays were validated for the 13 PnPS included in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). As recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), we compared the ECL assays with the WHO reference enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and derived a threshold corresponding to the 0.35?µg/mL threshold established for the WHO reference ELISA for the non-inferiority comparison and licensure of new PCVs against invasive pneumococcal disease.

折叠式人工玻璃体球囊植入在玻璃体视网膜疾病治疗中的应用

目的　探讨折叠式人工玻璃体球囊(foldable capsular vitreous body，FCVB)治疗玻璃体视网膜疾病的临床效果。方法　回顾性分析2017年9月至2019年1月行玻璃体切割联合FCBV植入术的43例（43眼）患者的临床资料。术后随访6个月，观察术后视力、眼压、视网膜复位情况和FCBV状态。结果　术后6个月，43例视力无明显变化，手术前后差异无统计学意义（P=1.000）。术后6个月，4例眼压降低，39例眼压正常，手术前后差异有统计学意义（P=0.002）。眼底照相、B超、OCT检查结果显示:所有患者视网膜复位良好，FCVB在玻璃体内均匀地支撑视网膜。双眼外观对称，眼球活动正常。随访期末1例眼球轻微萎缩、1例出现角膜血管化，经治疗后情况好转。结论　在患者6个月的植入期内，FCVB是安全、有效的玻璃体替代物，可以维持眼球形态和稳定眼压。     

Image analysis and artificial intelligence in infectious disease diagnostics

BackgroundMicrobiologists are valued for their time-honed skills in image analysis, including identification of pathogens and inflammatory context in Gram stains, ova and parasite preparations, blood smears and histopathologic slides. They also must classify colony growth on a variety of agar plates for triage and assessment. Recent advances in image analysis, in particular application of artificial intelligence (AI), have the potential to automate these processes and support more timely and accurate diagnoses.ObjectivesTo review current AI-based image analysis as applied to clinical microbiology; and to discuss future trends in the field.SourcesMaterial sourced for this review included peer-reviewed literature annotated in the PubMed or Google Scholar databases and preprint articles from bioRxiv. Articles describing use of AI for analysis of images used in infectious disease diagnostics were reviewed.ContentWe describe application of machine learning towards analysis of different types of microbiologic image data. Specifically, we outline progress in smear and plate interpretation as well as the potential for AI diagnostic applications in the clinical microbiology laboratory.ImplicationsCombined with automation, we predict that AI algorithms will be used in the future to prescreen and preclassify image data, thereby increasing productivity and enabling more accurate diagnoses through collaboration between the AI and the microbiologist. Once developed, image-based AI analysis is inexpensive and amenable to local and remote diagnostic use.