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1.
Age-related cognitive decline is the major cause of concern due to its 70% more incidence than dementia cases worldwide. Moreover, aging is also the major risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), associated with progressive memory loss. Approx. 13 million people will have Alzheimer-related memory decline by 2050. Learning and memory is the fundamental process of brain functions. However, the mechanism for the same is still under investigation. Thus, it is critical to understand the process of memory consolidation in the brain and extrapolate its understanding to the memory decline mechanism. Research on learning and memory has identified several molecular signatures such as Protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ), Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) crucial for the maintenance and stabilization of long-term memory in the brain. Interestingly, memory decline in AD has also been linked to the abnormality in expressing these memory-related molecular signatures. Hence, in the present consolidated review, we explored the role of these memory-related molecular signatures in long-term memory consolidation. Additionally, the effect of amyloid-beta toxicity on these molecular signatures is discussed in detail.  相似文献   
2.
ObjectivesTo review the evidence pertaining to the association between cow’s milk protein allergy and recurrent acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion.MethodsThe CENTRAL, Web of Science, EMBASE, MEDLINE, LILACS databases, and gray literature were searched.ResultsFour studies were included, identifying the prevalence rates: 0.2% of delayed speech due to chronic otitis media with effusion in 382 children with cow’s milk protein allergy, 10.7% of cow’s milk protein allergy in 242 children who underwent ENT procedures, 40% of cow’s milk protein allergy in 25 children with recurrent otitis media with effusion and higher tendency to otitis media in children with cow’s milk protein allergy of 186 children (1.5 + 0.6 vs. 0.4 + 0.1; p < 0.1).ConclusionConsidering the characteristics and methodological variations of the identified studies, it is not possible to state that there is reliable evidence of an association between cow’s milk protein allergy and otitis media.  相似文献   
3.
目的:探讨miR-34a通过下调AKT/BCL2信号通路对乳腺癌细胞多柔比星耐药性的影响及其分子机制?方法:通过实时定量PCR法检测miR-34a-3p在乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)和乳腺耐药细胞株(MCF-7/ADR)中的表达,并成功构建miR-34a mimics/inhibitor调控其表达水平;通过CCK8法分别筛选多柔比星处理MCF-7及MCF-7/ADR细胞的IC50值并处理细胞;使用CCK8,流式细胞技术以及免疫印迹实验验证在miR-34a过表达及干扰组中,乳腺癌细胞存活率,凋亡细胞百分比以及AKT/BCL2信号通路的改变。结果:miR-34a在MCF-7/ADR中的表达显著低MCF-7细胞,同时成功构建miR-34a过表达及敲减模型;多柔比星处理MCF-7及MCF-7/ADR细胞的IC50分别为0.89 μg/mL、13.61 μg/mL。当MCF-7及MCF-7/ADR细胞中miR-34a表达水平降低时,经多柔比星处理后,细胞存活率显著升高(P<0.05),凋亡细胞比例显著减少(P<0.01),同时下游AKT/BCL2信号表达上调(P<0.01)。而当MCF-7/ADR细胞中miR-34a表达升高时相应的观察到相反的细胞表型。结论:miR-34a在乳腺癌细胞中的表达下调,可能通过减少对AKT/BCL2信号的负向调控,减少细胞凋亡,进而增强细胞对多柔比星的耐药性。  相似文献   
4.
BackgroundHundreds of adipokines have been identified, and their extensive range of endocrine functions—regulating distant organs such as oral tissues—and local autocrine/paracrine roles have been studied. In dentistry, however, adipokines are poorly known proteins in the dental pulp; few of them have been studied despite their large number. This study reviews recent advances in the investigation of dental-pulp adipokines, with an emphasis on their roles in inflammatory processes and their potential therapeutic applications.HighlightsThe most recently identified adipokines in dental pulp include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, ghrelin, oncostatin, chemerin, and visfatin. They have numerous physiological and pathological functions in the pulp tissue: they are closely related to pulp inflammatory mechanisms and actively participate in cell differentiation, mineralization, angiogenesis, and immune-system modulation.ConclusionAdipokines have potential clinical applications in regenerative endodontics and as biomarkers or targets for the pharmacological management of inflammatory and degenerative processes in dental pulp. A promising direction for the development of new therapies may be the use of agonists/antagonists to modulate the expression of the most studied adipokines.  相似文献   
5.
目的 探讨扶正化瘀方含药血清对肝星状细胞(HSC)激活素A(activinA)/smad信号通路活化的影响。方法 20只SD大鼠按照随机数字表法分为对照组及扶正化瘀(Fzhy)-低、中、高剂量含药血清组,每组5只,分别以蒸馏水,0.75、1.5、3.0 g/kg扶正化瘀溶液(扶正化瘀胶囊药物粉末与蒸馏水配制)灌胃1次/d,连续3 d,取血制备空白血清(对照组)和含药血清。以大鼠HSC-T6细胞为研究对象,分别用5%、10%、20%体积分数的各组含药血清培养细胞。CCK-8检测细胞存活率,选取细胞存活率在50%左右的体积分数重新分为对照组及Fzhy-低、中、高剂量组。流式细胞术检测细胞周期及凋亡率、线粒体膜电位变化和活性氧(ROS)水平;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测细胞中activinA、smad3、samd7、核因子(NF)-κB的mRNA水平;蛋白质印迹法检测细胞中activinⅡA受体(ActRⅡA)、smad3、NF-κB p65、胱天蛋白酶(caspase)-3的蛋白水平。结果 各扶正化瘀含药血清组的细胞存活率均低于对照组(P<0.05),选择体积分数为10%的含药血清进行后续实验。对照组和各扶正化瘀方含药血清组细胞周期和凋亡率差异均无统计学意义。对照组及Fzhy-低、中、高剂量组细胞内ROS水平及线粒体膜电位水平降低比例逐次升高(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,Fzhy-中、高剂量组smad3 mRNA表达水平降低,smad7 mRNA升高,Fzhy-低、中、高剂量组NF-κB、activinA mRNA,smad3、NF-κB p65、ActRⅡA蛋白表达水平降低,Fzhy-低剂量组、中剂量组caspase-3蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05);与Fzhy-低剂量组相比,Fzhy-中、高剂量组smad3 mRNA表达水平降低,Fzhy-中剂量组activinA及smad7 mRNA升高(P<0.05)。结论 扶正化瘀方含药血清可通过影响HSC-T6细胞增殖、参与细胞的氧化应激以及调节细胞activinA/smad信号转导通路来实现抗纤维化作用。  相似文献   
6.
目的:探究槟榔多酚对大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞(PMVEC)低氧损伤的保护作用。 方法:采用氧化应激指标丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶筛选肺部缺氧损伤细胞模型最适条件;采用细胞计数试剂盒法筛选槟榔多酚最适给药剂量。将PMVEC分为常氧对照组、模型对照组和槟榔多酚组,采用BCA法检测蛋白浓度并测定PMVEC中的氧化应激水平,蛋白质印迹法检测炎症和凋亡相关蛋白的表达,免疫荧光染色法检测闭合蛋白和闭锁小带1等紧密连接蛋白的表达,Transwell小室实验检测跨内皮细胞膜电阻,罗丹明荧光染料检测PMVEC屏障的通透性。 结果:1%氧浓度培养PMVEC细胞 48?h后成功构建肺部缺氧损伤细胞模型 ;20?μg/mL的槟榔多酚可以显著逆转缺氧损伤细胞模型中PMVEC的存活率下降以及氧化应激水平的升高(均 P<0.05);槟榔多酚对于低氧诱导下PMVEC中炎症相关蛋白核因子κB(NF-κB)和核因子E2相关因子(Nrf)2的上调有显著抑制作用(均P<0.05);槟榔多酚可以下调低氧诱导下PMVEC中凋亡相关蛋白胱天蛋白酶(caspase)3、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)的表达(均P<0.05),从而减轻低氧诱导下细胞的凋亡;槟榔多酚显著上调低氧诱导下PMVEC闭合蛋白和闭锁小带1的表达(均P<0.05),提高跨膜电阻值并降低罗丹明透过量,改善肺微血管内皮屏障的通透性。结论:槟榔多酚可以通过减轻PMVEC的氧化应激损伤、降低炎症相关蛋白表达、减少细胞凋亡及提高细胞屏障的通透性,改善PMVEC的低氧损伤。  相似文献   
7.
8.
高迁移率族蛋白A2(HMGA2)是一种非组蛋白,本身不具有转录活性,但它可通过与染色质结合改变其结构,继而调节其他基因的转录,从而促进肿瘤的侵袭和转移。相关RNA基因能够调控HMGA2在肿瘤中的作用,同时肿瘤的侵袭性与上皮间质转化密切相关,可以通过靶向HMGA2基因治疗相关肿瘤。文章主要介绍HMGA2与肿瘤之间关系的研究进展。  相似文献   
9.
10.
Early stage localized prostate cancer (PCa) has an excellent prognosis; however, patient survival drops dramatically when PCa metastasizes. The molecular mechanisms underlying PCa metastasis are complex and remain unclear. Here, we examine the role of a new member of the fatty acid‐binding protein (FABP) family, FABP12, in PCa progression. FABP12 is preferentially amplified and/or overexpressed in metastatic compared to primary tumors from both PCa patients and xenograft animal models. We show that FABP12 concurrently triggers metastatic phenotypes (induced epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) leading to increased cell motility and invasion) and lipid bioenergetics (increased fatty acid uptake and accumulation, increased ATP production from fatty acid β‐oxidation) in PCa cells, supporting increased reliance on fatty acids for energy production. Mechanistically, we show that FABP12 is a driver of PPARγ activation which, in turn, regulates FABP12''s role in lipid metabolism and PCa progression. Our results point to a novel role for a FABP‐PPAR pathway in promoting PCa metastasis through induction of EMT and lipid bioenergetics.

Abbreviations

AR
androgen receptor
ATP
adenosine triphosphate
CN
copy number
CPT1
carnitine palmitoyltransferase I
CS
citrate synthase
EMT
epithelial–mesenchymal transition
ET
electron transfer‐state
FABP
fatty acid‐binding protein
LD
lipid droplet
OA
oleic acid
PCa
prostate cancer
PPAR
peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor
PPRE
peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor response element
TZD
thiazolidinediones
  相似文献   
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