首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   55518篇
  免费   4859篇
  国内免费   1660篇
耳鼻咽喉   647篇
儿科学   907篇
妇产科学   624篇
基础医学   11121篇
口腔科学   862篇
临床医学   3472篇
内科学   8331篇
皮肤病学   1255篇
神经病学   4130篇
特种医学   906篇
外国民族医学   16篇
外科学   4262篇
综合类   6365篇
预防医学   2153篇
眼科学   642篇
药学   9503篇
  2篇
中国医学   2319篇
肿瘤学   4520篇
  2023年   1062篇
  2022年   1357篇
  2021年   1828篇
  2020年   1934篇
  2019年   2217篇
  2018年   2255篇
  2017年   2266篇
  2016年   1903篇
  2015年   2206篇
  2014年   3277篇
  2013年   3906篇
  2012年   3388篇
  2011年   4079篇
  2010年   3200篇
  2009年   3177篇
  2008年   2923篇
  2007年   2647篇
  2006年   2342篇
  2005年   1921篇
  2004年   1804篇
  2003年   1493篇
  2002年   1125篇
  2001年   863篇
  2000年   831篇
  1999年   661篇
  1998年   574篇
  1997年   593篇
  1996年   487篇
  1995年   581篇
  1994年   486篇
  1993年   416篇
  1992年   348篇
  1991年   328篇
  1990年   290篇
  1989年   242篇
  1988年   185篇
  1987年   188篇
  1986年   192篇
  1985年   345篇
  1984年   407篇
  1983年   248篇
  1982年   283篇
  1981年   227篇
  1980年   200篇
  1979年   157篇
  1978年   113篇
  1977年   111篇
  1976年   127篇
  1975年   86篇
  1974年   45篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
目的 探讨溴结构域蛋白4(bromodomain protein 4,BRD4)、线粒体单链DNA结合蛋白(single-stranded DNA binding protein,SSBP1)与原钙黏附蛋白17( proto-cadherin 17,PCDH17)诊断早期胃癌的临床价值。 方法 收集胃癌组织50例,癌前病变组织50例、正常胃黏膜组织50例,应用免疫组织化学染色法分别测定组织标本中BRD4、SSBP1及PCDH17蛋白的表达,分析不同组织样本中BRD4、SSBP1及PCDH17的表达情况,分别采集3组血液标本,检测3组相关血清指标,应用ROC曲线分析BRD4、SSBP1及PCDH17诊断胃癌的价值。 结果 胃癌组织中BRD4和SSBP1呈高表达,而PCDH17呈低表达。3组组织样本中BRD4、SSBP1及PCDH17的阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组血清癌抗原199(carbohydrate antigen,CA199)、血清胃蛋白酶原(pepsinogen,PG)Ⅰ、PGⅡ、胃泌素17(gastrin-17,G-17)水平及幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori,HP)阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);胃癌组织组患者血清CA199、PGⅠ、G-17水平及HP阳性率明显高于癌前病变组织和正常胃黏膜组织组,而PGⅡ水平低于癌前病变组织和正常胃黏膜组织组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);临床分期为Ⅲ期~Ⅳ期、发生淋巴结转移的胃癌组织中BRD4、SSBP1、PCDH17的阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);BRD4+SSBP1+PCDH17联合诊断的敏感度和特异度均高于单一指标。 结论 联合检测BRD4、SSBP1与PCDH17有利于胃癌的鉴别诊断。  相似文献   
2.
In this paper, we argue that understanding and addressing the problem of poor-quality medical products requires a more interdisciplinary approach than has been evident to date. While prospective studies based on rigorous standardized methodologies are the gold standard for measuring the prevalence of poor-quality medical products and understanding their distribution nationally and internationally, they should be complemented by social science research to unpack the complex set of social, economic, and governance factors that underlie these patterns. In the following sections, we discuss specific examples of prospective quality surveys and of social science studies, highlighting the value of cross-sector partnerships in driving high-quality, policy-relevant research in this area.  相似文献   
3.
目的 探讨外周血单核细胞髓样分化因子88(My D88)与Toll样受体4(TLR4)在早产儿窒息后多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)中的表达,为早产儿窒息后MODS的早期诊断及预后评估提供新思路。方法 连续性纳入2019年1月-2020年12月唐山市妇幼保健院新生儿科收治的115例窒息早产儿进行前瞻性研究,按照1 min Apgar评分将窒息早产儿分为轻度窒息组(n=70)与重度窒息组(n=45),以同期的50例健康早产儿作为对照组。比较3组早产儿中MODS发生率、MODS病死率及单器官损害发生率,外周血单核细胞My D88 mRNA及蛋白与TLR4 mRNA及蛋白的表达水平。结果 重度窒息组、轻度窒息组与对照组的MODS发生率分别为73.33%、31.43%、6.00%,MODS病死率分别为24.44%、5.71%、0,3组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=47.845、16.978,P<0.001);重度窒息组与轻度窒息组的单器官损害发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),重度窒息组明显高于轻度窒息组(P<0.05);重度窒息组与轻度窒息组的My D88 mRNA及蛋白与TLR4 mRNA及蛋白均明显高于对照组,且重度窒息组明显高于轻度窒息组(F=4.251、4.804、4.772、4.690,P<0.001)。结论 早产儿窒息后MODS发生率、外周血单核细胞My D88与TLR4表达水平均明显增高,My D88与TLR4有望成为早产儿窒息后MODS的早期诊断及预后评估指标。  相似文献   
4.
廖文佳  何懿  孙尔维  李漓 《护理学报》2022,29(21):61-66
目的 比较3种神经病理性疼痛筛查量表在中轴型脊柱关节炎患者中的信度、效度和适用性。方法 采用painDETECT问卷、神经病理性疼痛4问卷和利兹神经病理性症状和体征评估疼痛量表对186例中轴型脊柱关节炎患者进行调查,评价量表的信度和效度。结果 painDETECT问卷、神经病理性疼痛4问卷和利兹神经病理性症状和体征评估疼痛量表的Cronbach α系数分别为0.807,0.697和0.623, Guttman分半系数分别为0.846、0.691和0.701。painDETECT问卷共提取2个公因子,累计方差贡献率55.171%。神经病理性疼痛4问卷共提取4个公因子,累计方差贡献率66.627%。利兹神经病理性症状和体征评估疼痛量表共提取2个公因子,累计方差贡献率50.836%。3种量表评估结果一致性Kappa值和相关性r值均大于0.500。患者对3种量表首选率分别为71.5%、3.2%和14.0%。结论 painDETECT问卷信度和效度良好,首选率最高。其余2种量表信度尚可,效度良好。3种量表一致性与相关性较强。  相似文献   
5.
AIM: To investigate the clinical characteristics and genetic features of a Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD) proband in a Chinese family. METHODS: A Chinese female diagnosed with BCD complicated by bilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and her parents underwent complete ophthalmic examinations, including fundus autofluorescence (AF), fundus photography (FP), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), visual field testing, full-field electroretinography (ERG), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The sequencing of the CYP4V2 gene was performed to the whole family. RESULTS: Bilateral tiny glittering crystal-like deposits and differing extent of atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were found in the posterior pole of her fundus. The diffuse hypo-fluorescence shown on AF images and window defects shown on FFA both indicated the atrophy of the RPE and choriocapillaris. OCT showed the thinning of the RPE and choriocapillaris layer, ellipsoid zone (EZ) band defect and CNV in both eyes. OCTA images proofed bilateral type 2 CNV. The visual field test showed central and paracentral scotoma. ERG showed a slightly decreased b-wave in scotopic ERG. Gene sequencing identified three mutations of the CYP4V2 gene, c.802_807del, c.810delT, and c.1388G>A. The mutation c.1388G>A was a novel substitution mutation. CONCLUSION: The novel mutation c.1388G>A may be a possible cause that could induce the clinical phenotype of BCD.  相似文献   
6.
目的比较飞秒激光制瓣准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)、全飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)和有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体(ICL V4c)植入术三者矫正中低度近视的效果。方法采用回顾性研究。以惠州爱尔眼科医院2019年6月至2020年4月矫正中低度近视120例(120眼)作为研究对象,受术者分为FS-LASIK组、SMILE组及ICL组,每组40例(40眼),各组分别接受相应的手术,术后随访3个月比较其矫正效果。结果术后1个月及3个月,3组间视力及有效性指数对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ICL组安全性指数高于SMILE组及FS-LASIK组(P<0.05)。术后3个月FS-LASIK组的三叶草像差、彗差和球差出现明显变化,而SMILE组的变化较小,ICL组变化最小(P<0.05)。结论对中低度近视FS-LASK、SMILE及ICL植入术三者均有确切疗效,而ICL V4c植入术的安全性最高,患者的视觉质量最好。  相似文献   
7.
Obesogens are a subset of endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) that cause obesity. The typical EDC 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) has been identified as an obesogen. However, the in vitro effects of 4-NP on adipogenesis remain unclear. In this study, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and C3H/10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used to investigate the influence of 4-NP on adipogenesis. The differentiation protocols for 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and C3H/10T1/2 MSCs took 8 and 12 days, respectively, beginning at Day 0. In differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, 20 μM 4-NP decreased cell viability on Days 4 and 8. Exposure to 4-NP inhibited triglyceride (TG) accumulation and adipogenic marker expression on Days 0–8, but the inhibitory effects were weaker on Days 2–8. The protein expression of pSTAT3 or STAT3 decreased on Days 0–8 and 2–8. Conversely, 4-NP promoted TG accumulation and the adipogenic marker expression in C3H/10T1/2 adipocytes. The opposing effects were attributed to physiological differences between the two cell lines. The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes are dependent on mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) to drive differentiation, while C3H/10T1/2MSCs and human preadipocytes are not. Additionally, 4-NP downregulated β-catenin expression in C3H/10T1/2 adipocytes. Accordingly, we hypothesized that 4-NP promotes adipogenesis. The role of the canonical Wnt pathway in the promotion of adipogenesis by 4-NP requires further validation. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms and appropriate risk management of 4-NP.  相似文献   
8.
9.
王秋实    孙岳    刘太阳    宝瑞    郝玮    刘耀阳    李媛媛    畅思容    王梦   《现代预防医学》2022,(12):2241-2246
目的 探讨铁死亡是否参与CCl4致肝纤维化发病过程。方法 小鼠分为对照组和CCl4组。采用腹腔注射法造模,每隔2 d给药1次,共8次,造模完成后隔2 d处死。通过HE、MASSON和天狼星红染色评价CCl4致小鼠肝损伤及纤维化情况;铁离子检测试剂盒检测小鼠肝组织铁离子含量;MDA检测试剂盒检测小鼠肝组织MDA含量;免疫荧光法观察小鼠肝组织中MDA含量;谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSH/GSSG)评价小鼠肝组织脂质过氧化情况;通过Western Blot和RT - qPCR评价谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)、铁蛋白(Ferritin)的蛋白和mRNA表达水平。结果 通过HE染色、MASSON染色和天狼星红染色发现,CCl4引起小鼠肝细胞排列紊乱,炎症细胞浸润,纤维化隔片形成。而对照组没有显著的病理变化;CCl4组小鼠肝组织铁离子含量(2.83±0.81) μmol/g较对照组小鼠肝组织铁离子含量(1.54±0.19) μmol/g增加(t = 5.415,P<0.001);CCl4组MDA荧光强度高于对照组;CCl4组MDA含量(0.74±0.13) nmol/mg较对照组MDA含量(0.21±0.06) nmol/mg增加(t = 15.650,P<0.001);GSH/GSSG在CCl4组(1.29±0.19)较对照组(1.90±0.16)降低(t = 10.580,P<0.001);在CCl4组GPX4蛋白相对表达水平(0.27±0.07)较对照组(0.42±0.10)降低(t = 3.000,P = 0.013)。CCl4组Ferritin蛋白相对表达水平(0.18±0.06)较对照组(0.30±0.06)降低(t = 3.571,P = 0.005);CCl4组Ferritin mRNA相对表达水平(1.83±0.60)较对照组(0.84±0.30)降低(t = 4.420,P<0.001)。CCl4组GPX4 mRNA相对表达水平(1.10±0.45)较对照组(3.54±0.87)降低(t = 7.385,P<0.001)。结论 铁死亡参与了四氯化碳致肝纤维化的发病过程。  相似文献   
10.
《Acta histochemica》2022,124(8):151955
BackgroundAngiogenesis is an essential physiological process in the growth and metastasis of primary tumors. Ca2+ signaling is crucial for tumor angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to detect the potential role of Ca2+ permeable transient receptor potential vanilloid-3 (TRPV3) in the angiogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsSmall interfering RNA was used to down-regulate TRPV3 expression in A549 cells. A laser scanning confocal microscope was used to examine intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) tube formation and migration assay, Western blot, MTT and ELISA were performed to detect the potential mechanisms of TRPV3 in tumor angiogenesis. A mouse tumor xenograft model was performed to expound the effects of TRPV3 on tumor cell growth.ResultsInhibition of TRPV3 reduced [Ca2+]i and protein expressions of VEGF and HIF-1α in A549 cells. Moreover, HIF-1α depletion decreased the secretion and expression of VEGF. Depletion of TRPV3 inhibited HUVECs proliferation, tube formation and migration induced by conditioned medium. And TRPV3 inhibition could decrease the volume of xenograft tumors and MVD of CD34+ cells. The expression levels of HIF-1α, VEGF and p-CaMKП in the xenograft tumors in RuR and siTRPV3 groups was reduced.ConclusionsTRPV3 calcium channel protein may play a key role in NSCLC angiogenesis. TRPV3 could promote the angiogenesis through HIF-1α-VEGF signaling pathway. Targeting TRPV3 channel protein by novel approaches would be useful for reversing NSCLC angiogenesis.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号