The Effect of the Activation Process and Metal Oxide Addition (CaO,MgO, SrO) on the Catalytic and Physicochemical Properties of Natural Zeolite in Transesterification Reaction

This work provides valuable information about unexplored catalytic systems tested in the transesterification reaction of vegetable oil with methanol. It was demonstrated that natural zeolite treatment leads to enhanced catalytic activity and yield of biodiesel production. The activation of the catalytic material in a mixture of 5% H₂–95% Ar resulted in an improvement of the values of the TG conversion and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield. In addition, it was proven that the incorporation of CaO, MgO and SrO oxides onto the natural zeolite surface improves the TG conversion and FAME yield values in the transesterification reaction.     

Epidemiology of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in a cohort of adults living in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

A prospective study of dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) was conducted in a cohort of adult volunteers from two textile factories located in West Java, Indonesia. Volunteers in the cohort were bled every three months and were actively followed for the occurrence of dengue (DEN) disease. The first two years of the study showed an incidence of symptomatic DEN disease of 18 cases per 1,000 person-years and an estimated asymptomatic/ mild infection rate of 56 cases per 1,000 person-years in areas of high disease transmission. In areas where no symptomatic cases were detected, the incidence of asymptomatic or mild infection was 8 cases per 1,000 person-years. Dengue-2 virus was the predominant serotype identified, but all four serotypes were detected among the cohort. Four cases of DHF and one case of dengue shock syndrome (DSS) were identified. Three of the four DHF cases were due to DEN-3 virus. The one DSS case occurred in the setting of a prior DEN-2 virus infection, followed by a secondary infection with DEN-1 virus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a longitudinal cohort study of naturally acquired DF and DHF in adults.     

The effectiveness of dalethyne dressings for reducing bacteria in diabetic foot ulcers

Objective: This study evaluates the effectiveness of a dalethyne dressing for decreasing bacteria in diabetic patients with infected foot ulcers. Methods: This study was conducted from March to September 2018 with a sample of 30 par ticipants from the outpatient Kitamura Wound Clinic in Pontianak City, Indonesia. A quasi-experimental non-equivalent pretest–posttest control group design was used for the study. Participants were divided into two groups: an intervention group (treated with a dalethyne dressing) and a control group (treated with a standard dressing). Two trained research assistants collected the data using the Wagner wound classification system and a bacteria counter. The assistants swabbed each wound surface with sterile cotton, and the swabs were used to conduct a bacteria culture and count. Results: The study population was 50％ female and 50％ male with no significant differences between each other in age, HbA1c, blood pressure, or ankle-brachial index (ABI; P > 0.05). Both groups had a significant reduction in the number of bacteria from the pretest to posttest (P < 0.05). Mann–Whitney analysis of posttest data indicated a significant difference in bacteria reduction between the control group (median = 2.25) and the intervention group (median = 7.6; P = 0.018). It was noted that Staphylococcus aureus was found in the control group at posttest, but not in the intervention group. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that a dalethyne dressing is effective for killing S. aureus in the infected foot ulcers of diabetic patients.     

Diabetes and stroke

Diabetes mellitus is a well-established independent risk factor for stroke and is associated with high mortality. Risk factors or risk markers for a first stroke were classified according to their potential for modification (nonmodifiable, modifiable, or potentially modifiable) and strength of evidence (well documented or less well documented). Modifiable risk factors include hypertension, exposure to cigarette smoke, diabetes, atrial fibrillation and certain other cardiac conditions, dyslipidemia, carotid artery stenosis, sickle cell disease, postmenopausal hormone therapy, poor diet, physical inactivity, and obesity and body fat distribution. Some of parameters are usefull as screening test to predict the incidence of stroke in diabetic patients in the future, such as UKPDS Risk Engine, incidence of carotid bruit featuring the stenosis of carotid artery, QTc interval prolongation and proteinuria. The real action must be taken to prevent the stroke when high risk patient is found. The modifiable and potentially modifiable risk factors that have been recommended by numbers of expert committee have to be modified immediately. In case with stenosis of carotid artery, the endarterectomy and carotid stenting have become popular and acceptable treatment in USA and Europe. It must be considered by Indonesian physicians to decrease the incidence of stroke.     

Four dengue virus serotypes found circulating during an outbreak of dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever in Jakarta, Indonesia, during 2004

Periodic outbreaks of dengue have emerged in Indonesia since 1968, with the severity of resulting disease increasing in subsequent years. In early 2004, a purported dengue outbreak erupted across the archipelago, with over 50,000 cases and 603 deaths reported. To confirm the disease aetiology and to provide an epidemiological framework of this epidemic, an investigation was conducted in ten hospitals within the capital city of Jakarta. Clinical and laboratory findings were determined from a cohort of 272 hospitalised patients. Exposure to dengue virus was determined in 180 (66.2%) patients. When clinically assessed, 100 (55.6%) of the 180 patients were classified as having dengue fever (DF), 31 (17.2%) as DF with haemorrhagic manifestations and 49 (27.2%) as dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). Evidence from haemagglutination inhibition assays suggested that 33/40 (82.5%) of those with DHF from which laboratory evidence was available suffered from a secondary dengue infection. All four dengue viruses were identified upon viral isolation, with DEN-3 being the most predominant serotype recovered, followed by DEN-4, DEN-2 and DEN-1. In summary, the 2004 outbreak of dengue in Jakarta, Indonesia, was characterised by the circulation of multiple virus serotypes and resulted in a relatively high percentage of a representative population of hospitalised patients developing DHF.     

Rickettsia felis in Xenopsylla cheopis, Java, Indonesia

Rickettsia typhi and R. felis, etiologic agents of murine typhus and fleaborne spotted fever, respectively, were detected in Oriental rat fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis) collected from rodents and shrews in Java, Indonesia. We describe the first evidence of R. felis in Indonesia and naturally occurring R. felis in Oriental rat fleas.     

复杂性眼外伤治疗

本文报告开放性眼球损伤1例,鱼钩卡在角膜和虹膜处。由于这种复杂眼外伤可能导致非常危险的并发症,并且严重影响视觉功能。现将处理方法总结如下:首先,取出异物,缝合眼球;其次,抗感染治疗;最后,实施白内障手术以便视力恢复。     

Management and treatment of bizarre open globe trauma in three steps:a case report

·This is a case presentation of a very bizarre open globe trauma with anterior segment foreign body-fishing hook stuck in the cornea and iris.Complications due to this kind of eye trauma might be very hazardous and with serious impact on visual function.We are representing our approach and experience of three step management of this kind of eye injury:first-extract the foreign body,close and reconstruct the eyeball,second-fight inflammation,and third-restore the visual function by cataract surgery.·