Age determines memory for face identity and expression

Background: The recognition of facial expressions is an important component of emotion processing which contributes to interactional behavior. One of the factors highly associated with potential decline of ability in behavioral tasks is age. Methods: We have investigated age‐related changes in facial identity and expression memory of healthy subjects in three age groups: young adults (20–40 years), elderly adults (60–80 years) and, for the first time in the literature, very old adults (over 80 years of age). Using a picture test, photographs of faces with happy or angry expressions were presented to study participants during the encoding task, and the memory for identity and emotional facial expression was investigated in a subsequent recognition task showing emotionally neutral faces. Half of the faces presented in the recognition task were initially shown in the encoding task. Results: Age interacted with the memory process: the ability to recognize both facial identity and emotional expression declined with advanced age. Happy facial expressions were better recognized in all age groups. Although there was a continuous overall decrease in recognition of both happy and angry expressions with advanced age, the effect favoring happy facial expressions was stable also in very old adults. Other factors such as gender or educational level did not affect the memory process for facial expressions. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that age is a significant determinant of memory for facial identity and emotional expression, and that, similar to younger adults, the recognition process of the elderly favors happy emotional facial expressions.     

When the standards aren't standard: Evidence-based medicine in the Russian context

This paper examines the uses of evidence-based medicine (EBM) in post-Soviet Russia through the use of semi-structured interviews. It asks what it means to talk about practicing evidence-based medicine in a setting where the context of practice presents considerable barriers to the implementation of EBM principles. Drawing on interviews with Russian physicians, medical students and users of the healthcare system, the paper argues that in post-Soviet Russia EBM serves as a strategic discourse for segments of the medical profession. With the collapse of the U.S.S.R. the healthcare system has been going through a period of crisis, and Russian physicians are finding that they have to redefine their professional identity with respect to the domestic and the international context and have to seek new sources for legitimating their professional position. The western origins of EBM endow this rhetoric with considerable power in the Russian context and render it a very useful tool in the project of redefinition.     

Resilience in Families with Children and Adult Members with Intellectual Disabilities: Tracing Elements of A Psycho‐Social Model

Aim This paper seeks to illumine how families with children and adult members with intellectual disabilities manage to manifest a buoyant and durable capacity over time. It is therefore concerned centrally with the idea of resilience. Method Drawing from diverse theoretical literatures from child development and protection and gerontology, the paper begins with a review of constructions of resilience. In an attempt to assess where there seems to be support for resilience in families, the core of the paper tests empirical evidence about positive experiences of families supporting children and adults with intellectual disabilities against the theoretical literature on resilience. Result and Conclusions The findings are used to suggest conditions under which resilience is produced and maintained, and to identify emergent elements of a psycho‐social model of resilience in families with children and adult members with intellectual disabilities.     

云南罗平医院员工对医院的认同度分析

通过问卷调查和访谈分析,调查了云南罗平医院194名员工对医院的认同度,调查对象包括行政、临床和后勤人员,从医院管理模式、医院绩效考核、医院薪酬待遇等方面用描述统计方法分析了数据,显示了医院员工的认同度情况及管理中存在的问题,并分析了不同因素对医院员工的认同度影响,为进一步改善医院管理状况,提高管理水平提供了参考。     

A nineteenth-century transsexual

An 1897 clinical case of transsexualism before the diagnostic category was established is described. It was reported by a Baltimore physician trying to introduce concepts of homosexuality to the psychiatric community.     

儿科毕业生中儿科从业者与非儿科从业者的职业满意度及职业发展比较

目的：了解儿科毕业生对儿科职业认同度,从事儿科职业满意度及职业发展等情况,为儿科医师的培养和发展提供参考依据。方法：选择温州医科大学2007届至2017届的儿科专业（方向）毕业生、35岁及以下群体共210 名作为研究对象,采用自编问卷开展调查,并对儿科从业者和非儿科（其他临床科室）从业者在职业满意度、职业发展进行对比分析。结果：男性儿科毕业生儿科就职率（49.52%）低于女性（53.80%）,在2007—2014 年期间毕业年份越晚选择儿科职业的比例越低。儿科从业者的职业满意率（66.36%）低于非儿科从业者（85.84%）,且性别、医院等级、工作城市等级对两组之间的满意率无影响（均P 交互＞0.05）。儿科从业者的出国进修率（1.92%）低于非儿科从业者（13.20%）。工作8 年及以上的儿科毕业生中,儿科从业者的中级及以上职称率（54.28%）低于非儿科从业者（84.38%）,且医院等级、学历对两组之间的中级及以上职称率无影响（均P 交互＞0.05）。结论：35岁以下青年儿科毕业生儿科职业认同度不稳定,儿科从业者的职业满意度相对较低、职业发展相对较慢。     

中晚期重型乙型肝炎血浆置换与内科治疗生存率的比较

观察血浆置换、内科治疗对中晚期重型乙型病毒性肝炎生存率的影响,探索中晚期重型肝炎的治疗方法。方法观察在内科治疗基础上给予血浆置换患者的肝功能、并发症及疾病的转归,与同期仅予内科综合治疗的患者相比较,对相应的临床资料进行统计学分析,从而了解两种治疗方法的疗效。结果血浆置换组36例,18例好转、18例死亡,内科治疗组32例,13例好转、19例死亡,两组之间患者生存情况无统计学差异;肝功能指标(ALT、AST、SB、ALB、TC、ChE和凝血酶原时间(PT)也无统计学差异。结论与内科治疗相比较,在其基础上给予血浆置换并不能提高中晚期重型病毒性肝炎生存率;中晚期重型肝炎患者的预后决定于其肝功能衰竭的程度。