不同包装形式基础输液生产质量内控标准调查研究

目的：考查不同包装形式基础输液的生产质量内控标准。方法：通过调研问卷调查7家基础输液生产企业关于细菌内毒素、不溶性微粒、漏液率、组合盖穿刺落屑的企业标准，并与国家标准/行业标准进行对照。结果：不同包装形式基础输液在细菌内毒素、不溶性微粒、漏液率、胶塞穿刺落屑四个方面的生产质量标准较国家标准/行业标准均有不同程度的提高。结论：生产企业的内控标准均较国家标准/行业标准更为严格，各类材料和包装形式的基础输液产品在保证临床用药安全、便捷等方面发挥了重要作用，建议将不同包装形式的技术、材料成本与药品安全性、使用便捷性挂钩，这对鼓励创新、促进公平竞争十分重要。     

A ‘community enterprise’ model for recreational cannabis: Lessons from alcohol licensing trusts in New Zealand

The legalisation of cannabis on the American continent in recent years has reinvigorated calls for cannabis law reform in many countries. Yet researchers have described potentially negative public health and social impacts of profit driven commercial markets for cannabis. Consequently, they have suggested exploring a number of alternative regulatory options, such as “not-for-profit” or “for-benefit” organisations. However, many of these new models are yet to be developed in detail. This paper presents a “community enterprise” model for recreational cannabis based on the alcohol licensing trusts which have existed in New Zealand for many decades. Alcohol licensing trusts are community-owned entities which operate alcohol retail outlets and return a portion of their profits back to local communities in the form of grants, loans and donations. The principal benefits of the “community trust” model are suppressing the commercial incentive to expand the market, establishing statutory obligations to distribute revenue back to the community, and establishing community governance over alcohol sales. The removal of a strong commercial incentive and community accountability may also contribute to lower levels of availability, higher prices and less harm. A further benefit is providing the local community with some oversight of a trust’s commercial activities via community elections of the trust board and the ability to call a “community poll” to vote on the future existence of the trust. Our proposed community cannabis licensing trust model seeks to address some of the challenges experienced by alcohol licensing trusts in New Zealand, including the lack of general oversight and balancing the commercial and social aims of the trusts. A limitation of this model includes a lack of research and evaluation of the existing alcohol licensing trusts and further research in this area would inform the application of the model to cannabis.     

供电企业运检人员职业紧张的危险因素研究

目的明确供电运检人员职业紧张的现状,探索职业紧张的相关危险因素。方法采用横断面研究方法对329名大型供电企业运检人员进行问卷调查,对相关数据进行χ~2检验、t检验、方差分析、非条件Logistic回归分析。结果各组间不同婚姻状况、频繁不良工作姿势作业和加班对职业紧张影响存在差异(P0.05); Logistic回归表明,年龄(OR=1.068)、体育锻炼(OR=0.658)、加班(OR=5.641)和工作后疲劳程度(OR=1.461)最终进入方程,是职业紧张的相关因素。结论体育锻炼是职业紧张的保护性因素,年龄、加班和工作后疲劳程度是职业紧张的危险因素,建议从生活习惯和作业制度两方面对职业紧张进行干预。     

基于监管视角的药品生产企业分级监管模型构建

目的：建立药品生产企业分级分类监管模型,为建立适合我国药品生产监管实际的分级监管策略提供方法借鉴。方法：依据分类管理理论,以企业风险水平、企业监管记录和监管频率分析研究为基础,对药品生产企业分级监管模型及其参数进行建立和优化。结果与结论：针对药品生产企业的监管需求与药监部门监管能力之间不相适应的矛盾日益突出等问题,通过分级模型的建立和优化,实现了监管能力和监管需求的良好匹配。     

Occupational exposure to textile dust and lung cancer risk: Results from the ICARE Study

Background

To investigate the association of lung cancer with occupational exposure to textile dust and specifically to cotton dust in the population‐based case‐control study ICARE.

Methods

Lifelong occupational history of 2926 cases and 3555 controls was collected using standardized questionnaires, with specific questions for textile dust exposure. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models controlling for confounding factors including smoking and asbestos exposure.

Results

An inverse association between textile dust exposure and lung cancer was found among workers exposed ≥5% of their work time (OR = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.58‐1.09), more pronounced for distant exposures (40+ years; up to a 56% reduced risk, statistically significant). The OR of lung cancer was significantly decreased among workers exposed to cotton fibers (OR = 0.70, 95%CI = 0.48‐0.97).

Conclusions

Our results provide some evidence of a decreased risk of lung cancer associated with exposure to textile dust, particularly cotton.

     

企业员工心肺复苏知识的认知现状及技能培训的探讨

目的了解企业员工对心肺复苏（cardiopulmonary resuscitation，CPR）知识的认知及需求状况，探讨对企业员工进行CPR知识与技能培训的方法和意义。方法通过整群抽样的方法，对111名参加CPR培训的企业员工进行问卷调查，了解企业员工对CPR知识的认知现状及需求情况，并比较不同年龄及学历层次者和受过专门CPR培训员工的CPR知识得分情况。结果企业员工心肺复苏知识缺乏，平均得分为（3．36±1．82）分；不同年龄及学历层次的企业员工对CPR知识的掌握情况，无统计学差异；曾接受过培训的企业员工CPR知识测评得分较高（P〈0．01）；企业员工有强烈的学习需求，99．09％的员工认为有必要举办相关培训班。结论企业员工需要通过专门的CPR培训以提高CPR知识和技能，培训形式应多样化，且有必要进行定期的重复培训；企业员工参加CPR培训是普及CPR知识与技能、提高我国现场急救水平、降低院前病死率的一条有效途径。     

基于中药饮片生产企业现状调研的相关问题分析及对策探讨

中药炮制技术是中国特有的制药技术,饮片生产企业是中药炮制技术的主要载体,其对中药饮片炮制技术的掌握、运用是否到位、规范,直接影响到饮片质量的优劣和中医临床疗效。通过开展中药饮片生产企业炮制技术现状调研,对饮片生产企业现状及存在相关问题进行梳理、归纳、总结,并提出相关的对策,以期更好的传承和发展炮制技术,促进中药饮片生产企业的发展,保障饮片质量。     

Efficacy and safety of silver textile in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD)

ABSTRACT

Background: Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have an increased tendency to develop bacterial skin infections. Colonization with Staphylococcus aureus is known to be a major trigger and might also play a pathophysiological role. Because of their antiseptic action, silver-coated textiles suppress S. aureus colonization and toxin formation, thus damping the inflammatory reaction.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of a special silver textile in the treatment of patients suffering from acute AD.

Methods: In a randomized phase II monocenter parallel-group comparative study 30 patients were recruited (average age 25.5 years, min. 4 years, max. 70 years) who were affected by AD in an acute phase. During the first study phase from Day 1 to Day 14, 10 patients received a silver textile (Group 1), 10 a silver-free textile (Group 2), and 10 prednicarbate ointment (Group 3). In the second phase from Day 15 to Day 28 all patients wore the silver textile, and during the follow-up period from Day 28 to Day 56 no textiles were used. Prednicarbate ointment was allowed as emergency medication, but ointment consumption was measured. The overall severity of the disease was evaluated using the SCORAD index as the primary efficacy parameter. Secondary parameters included severity of pruritus and the patients’ assessment of their disease control (uncontrolled, limited, good or complete). Safety tests included hematology, blood chemistry, urinalysis for silver, and physical examination for silver deposits in the skin and mucous membranes.

Results: The initial SCORAD was 61.6 (IQR 26.6, min. 30.6, max. 99.9). At the end of the Study Phase 1 the SCORAD had improved significantly in the patients of Groups 1 (74.6–29.9, p = 0.005) and 3 (57.8–24.0, p = 0.009). During Study Phase 2 healing of eczema continued in Group 1 (SCORAD 29.9–18.1, p = 0.037), was observed in Group 2 (48.2–24.1, p = 0.015), and remained at an improved level in Group 3 (SCORAD 24–23.5). Consumption of prednicarbate ointment (Phase 1, Phase 2, follow-up period, medians are given): Group 1: 135?g, 10?g, 45?g; Group 2: 13?g, 0?g, 0?g; Group 3: 145?g, 30?g, 90?g. Silver textiles reduced the severity of the pruritus (p = 0.031); silver-free textiles (n.s.) and prednicarbate (n.s.) were less effective. No undesired events were observed.

Conclusion: The elastic silver textile worn directly against the skin led to an impressive improvement of AD and a reduction in the use of prednicarbate ointment.     

Effects of two different fabrics on skin barrier function under real pressure conditions

Background

Pressure Ulcers (PUs) are a severe form of skin and soft tissue lesions, caused by sustained deformation. PU development is complex and depends on different factors. Skin structure and function change during prolonged loading on PU predilection sites and surfaces being in direct contact with skin are likely to have an impact as well. Little is known about the influence of fabrics on skin function under pressure conditions.

两种模式评估某电网企业职工职业紧张与焦虑症状的关系

目的探讨电网企业职工工作需求-自主(JDC)模式、付出-回报失衡(ERI)模式职业紧张与焦虑症状的相关性及影响因素。方法采用整群随机抽样法,选取广东某电网企业972名职工作为研究对象,采用基本情况调查问卷、工作内容问卷(中文版)、ERI问卷(中文版)、焦虑自评量表对研究对象基本情况、职业紧张和焦虑症状现况进行调查。结果JDC模式职业紧张检出率48.5%,ERI模式职业紧张检出率52.6%。焦虑症状检出率20.2%,不同年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、工龄及高温高空作业、视屏作业、吸烟、运动、睡眠时间的职工间焦虑症状得分的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。有焦虑症状者工作需求、外在付出、内在投入得分均高于无焦虑症状者(P<0.05),自主程度、社会支持、回报得分均低于无焦虑症状者(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,JDC模式中年龄、文化程度、睡眠时间、视屏作业是焦虑症状的影响因素(P<0.05);ERI模式中文化程度、睡眠时间、视屏作业、职业紧张是焦虑症状的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论电网企业职工职业紧张和焦虑症状发生率均较高;文化程度低、睡眠时间短、视屏作业和ERI模式职业紧张均可增加发生焦虑症状的风险。