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1.
目的探析中高频听力下降型突发性聋采取耳后注射甲强龙治疗的临床效果及可行性。方法选取2019年5月~2020年7月本院耳鼻喉科就诊的中高频听力下降型突发性聋患者,共纳入病例54例,以随机法分组,即常规组(n=27)和观察组(n=27),常规组予常规治疗,观察组采取耳后注射甲强龙,比较两组效果。结果观察组有效率相比于常规组显著提高(P<0.05);治疗3周后,观察组2000~8000Hz频率听力提高值与常规组比(P<0.05)。结论中高频听力下降型突发性聋采取耳后注射甲强龙治疗效果理想,值得推广。  相似文献   
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Tamoxifen prevents recurrence of breast cancer and is suggested for preventive risk-reducing therapy. Tamoxifen reduces mammographic density, a proxy for therapy response, but little is known about its effects in remodelling normal breast tissue. Our study, a substudy within the double-blinded dose-determination trial KARISMA, investigated tamoxifen-specific changes in breast tissue composition and histological markers in healthy women. We included 83 healthy women randomised to 6 months daily intake of 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1 mg of tamoxifen or placebo. The groups were combined to “no dose” (0-1 mg), “low-dose” (2.5-5 mg) or “high-dose” (10-20 mg) of tamoxifen. Ultrasound-guided biopsies were collected before and after tamoxifen exposure. In each biopsy, epithelial, stromal and adipose tissues was quantified, and expression of epithelial and stromal Ki67, oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) analysed. Mammographic density using STRATUS was measured at baseline and end-of-tamoxifen-exposure. We found that different doses of tamoxifen reduced mammographic density and glandular-epithelial area in premenopausal women and associated with reduced epithelium and increased adipose tissue. High-dose tamoxifen also decreased epithelial ER and PR expressions in premenopausal women. Premenopausal women with the greatest reduction in proliferation also had the greatest epithelial reduction. In postmenopausal women, high-dose tamoxifen decreased the epithelial area with no measurable density decrease. Tamoxifen at both low and high doses influences breast tissue composition and expression of histological markers in the normal breast. Our findings connect epithelial proliferation with tissue remodelling in premenopausal women and provide novel insights to understanding biological mechanisms of primary prevention with tamoxifen.  相似文献   
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IntroductionOur aim was to describe practices in multimodal pain management at US children's hospitals and evaluate the association between non-opioid pain management strategies and pediatric patient-reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsData were collected as part of the 18-hospital ENhanced Recovery In CHildren Undergoing Surgery (ENRICH-US) clinical trial. Non-opioid pain management strategies included use of preoperative and postoperative non-opioid analgesics, regional anesthetic blocks, and a biobehavioral intervention. PROs included perioperative nervousness, pain-related functional disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 186 patients, 62 (33%) received preoperative analgesics, 186 (100%) postoperative analgesics, 81 (44%) regional anesthetic block, and 135 (73%) used a biobehavioral intervention. Patients were less likely to report worsened as compared to stable nervousness following regional anesthetic block (relative risk ratio [RRR]:0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.11–0.85), use of a biobehavioral technique (RRR:0.26, 95% CI:0.10–0.70), and both in combination (RRR:0.08, 95% CI:0.02–0.34). There were no associations of non-opioid pain control modalities with pain-related functional disability or HRQoL.ConclusionUse of postoperative non-opioid analgesics have been largely adopted, while preoperative non-opioid analgesics and regional anesthetic blocks are used less frequently. Regional anesthetic blocks and biobehavioral interventions may mitigate postoperative nervousness in children.Level of evidenceIII.  相似文献   
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BackgroundPerianal abscesses and anal fistulas are common. The principle of intention-to-treat has not been considered in previous systemic reviews. Thus, the comparison between primary and post-recurrence management was confused, and the recommendation of primary treatment is obscure. The current study aims to identify the optimal initial treatment for pediatric patients.MethodsUsing PRISMA guidelines, studies were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar without any language or study design restriction. The inclusion criteria include original articles or articles with original data, studies of management for a perianal abscess with or without anal fistula, and patient age of <18 years. Patients with local malignancy, Crohn's disease, or other underlying predisposing conditions were excluded. Studies without analyzing recurrence, case series of <5, and irrelevant articles were excluded in the screening stage. Of the 124 screened articles, 14 articles had no full texts or detailed information. Articles written in a language other than English or Mandarin were translated by Google Translation first and confirmed with native speakers. After the eligibility process, studies that compared identified primary managements were then included in the qualitative synthesis.ResultsThirty-one studies involving 2507 pediatric patients met the inclusion criteria. The study design consisted of two prospective case series of 47 patients and retrospective cohort studies. No randomized control trials were identified. Meta-analyses for recurrence after initial management were performed with a random-effects model. Conservative treatment and drainage revealed no difference (Odds ratio [OR], 1.222; 95% Confidential interval [CI]: 0.615–2.427, p = 0.567). Conservative management had a higher risk of recurrence than surgery without statistical significance (OR 0.278, 95% CI: 0.109–0.707, p = 0.007). Compared with incision/drainage, surgery can prevent recurrence remarkably (OR 4.360, 95% CI: 1.761–10.792, p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis of different approaches within conservative treatment and operation was not performed for lacking information.ConclusionStrong recommendations cannot be made due to the lack of prospective or randomized controlled studies. However, the current study based on real primary management supports initial surgical intervention for pediatric patients with perianal abscesses and anal fistula to prevent recurrence.Level of evidenceType of study: Systemic review; Evidence level: Level II.  相似文献   
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ObjectiveThe use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in lung transplantation has been steadily increasing over the prior decade, with evolving strategies for incorporating support in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative settings. There is significant practice variability in the use of these techniques, however, and relatively limited data to help establish institutional protocols. The objective of the AATS Clinical Practice Standards Committee (CPSC) expert panel was to review the existing literature and establish recommendations about the use of MCS before, during, and after lung transplantation.MethodsThe AATS CPSC assembled an expert panel of 16 lung transplantation physicians who developed a consensus document of recommendations. The panel was broken into subgroups focused on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative support, and each subgroup performed a focused literature review. These subgroups formulated recommendation statements for each subtopic, which were evaluated by the entire group. The statements were then developed via discussion among the panel and refined until consensus was achieved on each statement.ResultsThe expert panel achieved consensus on 36 recommendations for how and when to use MCS in lung transplantation. These recommendations included the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridging strategy in the preoperative setting, a preference for central veno-arterial ECMO over traditional cardiopulmonary bypass during the transplantation procedure, and the benefit of supporting selected patients with MCS postoperatively.ConclusionsAchieving optimal results in lung transplantation requires the use of a wide range of strategies. MCS provides an important mechanism for helping these critically ill patients through the peritransplantation period. Despite the complex nature of the decision making process in the treatment of these patients, the expert panel was able to achieve consensus on 36 recommendations. These recommendations should provide guidance for professionals involved in the care of end-stage lung disease patients considered for transplantation.  相似文献   
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背景 音乐治疗作为新兴的治疗方法,在慢性疾病康复中的应用逐渐兴起,且日益得到重视。但音乐治疗对糖尿病康复的效果研究尚少见报道。 目的 观察音乐辅助阿格列汀对2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢的影响。 方法 选取2019年10月至2021年2月在中国康复研究中心北京博爱医院内分泌科门诊就诊的口服药物血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者65例。采用随机数字表法将患者分为A组(n=35)和B组(n=30),两组患者均保持原有饮食、运动习惯。A组在原治疗(药物种类、剂量不变)基础上联用阿格列汀片治疗,B组在A组基础上给予音乐辅助治疗。两组患者均连续治疗12周。比较治疗前及治疗12周后两组患者空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、尿酸(UA)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、β细胞功能分泌指数(HOMA-β);观察患者治疗过程中不良反应发生情况。 结果 两组试验过程中因药物不良反应均剔除1例患者,A组、B组最终分别有34、29例患者完成试验。B组患者治疗12周后2 hPG低于A组(P<0.05)。治疗12周后两组患者FPG、HbA1c、2 hPG均低于组内治疗前,HOMA-β高于组内治疗前(P<0.05);治疗12周后B组患者LDL-C、TC均低于组内治疗前(P<0.05)。两组均未发生低血糖事件。 结论 音乐辅助阿格列汀较无音乐辅助更能降低2型糖尿病患者的餐后血糖,改善血脂情况。需要强调的是,音乐治疗的效果一定是在饮食控制、适当运动、合理用药的基础上。  相似文献   
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郭辉 《当代医学》2022,28(3):53-55
目的分析齐拉西酮、奥氮平对老年精神分裂症患者治疗效果及机体糖脂代谢的影响。方法选取本中心2018年9月至2019年9月收治的86例老年精神分裂症患者,根据抽签法分为观察组和对照组,各43例。对照组采用奥氮平片口服治疗,观察组采用齐拉西酮口服治疗。比较两组临床疗效及糖脂代谢情况[空腹血糖(FBG)、甘油三酯(TG)及总胆固醇(TC)]。结果两组治疗总有效率比较差异无统计学意义。治疗前,两组FBG、TG、TC水平比较差异无统计学意义;治疗8周后,观察组FBG、TG、TC水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论齐拉西酮、奥氮平治疗老年精神分裂症患者效果均较好,但齐拉西酮对患者糖脂代谢的影响较小。  相似文献   
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目的:阐述动物智能在军事学的应用及意义。方法:以学术论文、新闻、报纸、智库报告等作为信息源,综合研究国外动物智能军事应用实例及内在关联,描述动物智能在未来战场应用场景。结果:动物智能军事应用主要是动物特殊能力的军事应用和动物智能的仿生武器应用。结论:动物部队、仿生作战部队和动物战术是未来战争不可忽视的重要组成部分,动物智能的隐匿、灵活、多变等特点正逐渐被广泛应用于战场。  相似文献   
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目的探究门冬胰岛素联合吡格列酮二甲双胍治疗糖尿病患者的临床效果及安全性。方法 90例糖尿病患者,采取随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,各45例。对照组给予门冬胰岛素30治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用吡格列酮二甲双胍治疗。对比两组治疗前后的血糖相关指标、胰岛素用量、不良反应发生率。结果治疗后,观察组空腹血糖(5.66±1.09)mmol/L、餐后2 h血糖(9.80±1.97)mmol/L、糖化血红蛋白(6.40±1.15)%均低于对照组的(8.57±1.25)mmol/L、(15.43±3.09)mmol/L、(7.85±1.27)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗期间胰岛素用量(32.78±5.50)U少于对照组的(41.08±6.33)U,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论门冬胰岛素联合吡格列酮二甲双胍治疗糖尿病患者可取得较好的降低血糖水平的目的,安全性高。  相似文献   
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