肿瘤科医护人员在医院感染控制中的作用

目的加强肿瘤科病房医院感染的管理,降低感染性疾病的发生率. 方法领导重视,组织健全,落实医院感染管理制度,严格无菌操作,强化培训,注重患者的心理治疗,合理用药. 结果病区医院感染率控制约在4%. 结论加强对医院感染的管理,可以有效地控制医院感染的发生.  

Quality of life in breast cancer patients: Validation of a FACT-B Malayalam version

Background: Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of cancer have led to an increase in cancer survival, and hence, there is a greater emphasis on quality beside quantity of survival. Developing countries too have begun to recognize the need for monitoring quality of life (QOL). However, in most of the developing countries, a validated and reliable tool for the purpose is yet to be realized. Material and method: The functional assessment of chronic illness therapy (FACIT) system is a collection of QOL questionnaires targeted to measure QOL in chronic illness. The functional assessment of cancer therapy for breast cancer (FACT-B) was translated into the local language (Malayalam) and tested for validity and reliability. Results: The tool thus developed showed substantial sensitivity, as does the source tool. The Cronbach's for the total FACT-B was 0.87, which is similar to the of 0.9 observed in the FACT-B English version. The mean FACT-B score was 94.3 compared to 112.8 for the source tool. Conclusion: The Malayalam translation of the FACT-B questionnaire was developed, tested and validated, and was found satisfactory in comparison to the source tool.  

2006-2010年《中国肿瘤》高被引论文分析

目的通过高被引论文分析《中国肿瘤》杂志学术水平和发展方向以及期刊质量。方法对"中国引文数据库"中《中国肿瘤》2006-2010年的被引论文进行统计,运用普赖斯定律确定高被引论文。对高被引论文的被引频次、作者分布、作者合作情况、研究主题等进行分析。结果 2006-2010年《中国肿瘤》被引文献833篇,总被引频次3 222次,篇均被引频次3.9次,单篇最高被引频次达109次。高被引论文85篇,占全部论文数量的10.2%;高被引论文总被引频次1 328次,占所有论文总被引频次的41.2%。高被引论文作者合作度4.8;合作率92.9%。高被引论文作者主要研究方向是肿瘤的预防控制,主要分布在北京、浙江、广东、江苏、上海、福建等地。结论 2006-2010年《中国肿瘤》杂志高被引论文数量不大,但相对占总被引频次较高,作者合作率高,影响较大,在我国的肿瘤防控工作中独具特色,发挥重要作用。  

互联网上医学信息资源开发利用——肿瘤文献信息系统

探求有效利用互联网上医学信息资源的最佳方法与途径，建立肿瘤文献信息系统数据库。  

Physicians' perspective on quality of life: An exploratory study of oncologists

There is an implicit assumption that physicians incorporate quality of life (QOL) information in clinical decision-making. However, very limited data exists on how physicians view QOL information and how they actually use it. To explore this issue, an in-depth study was conducted using a semistructured interview guide, with 60 oncologists in Canada and the USA. While the majority of respondents perceived QOL as important they reported a tendency to use it informally and not in all situations. Key findings include the belief expressed by 88% of respondents that the term QOL could be defined, although they differed in their definitions. Although 85% stated that QOL can be formally measured, only a third perceived that the current instruments provide valid and reliable data. Respondents noted a number of significant benefits and drawbacks of using QOL data in their clinical practice that had not been previously noted in the literature. For example, its use as an endpoint in clinical trials was generally perceived to enhance both physician and patient participation. A drawback noted was that including QOL might adversely affect the decision-making process. These findings have been used to develop a self-administered questionnaire (MD-QOL) which will test the generalizability of these findings.  

初探如何加强医学院校临床肿瘤学教学效果

目前肿瘤已成为常见病、多发病,为此有必要更好地开展医学生临床肿瘤学的教学工作。本文结合我国医学高等院校的肿瘤学教学现状以及肿瘤学科自身特点,初步探讨加强肿瘤学教学的认识,丰富肿瘤教学的内容,针对不同层次的学生建立相应的合理规范的教学大纲,采用以问题为学习基础的教学和多媒体技术教学方法,使学生对肿瘤有一个全面、系统的认识,有益于肿瘤学专科人才培养。  

The effectiveness of a computer-assisted instruction programme on communication skills of medical specialists in oncology

BACKGROUND: Although doctor--patient communication is important in health care, medical specialists are generally not well trained in communication skills. Conventional training programmes are generally time consuming and hard to fit into busy working schedules of medical specialists. A computer-assisted instruction (CAI) programme was developed -- 'Interact-Cancer' -- which is a time-efficient learning method and easily accessible at the workplace. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the CAI training, 'Interact-Cancer', on the communication behaviour of medical specialists, and on satisfaction of patients about their physician interaction. DESIGN: Consultations of medical specialists with cancer outpatients were videotaped at 4 specific stages, 2 before and 2 after Interact-Cancer, with intervals of 4 weeks. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 21 medical specialists, mainly internists, working in 7 hospitals, and 385 cancer outpatients. METHODS: Communication behaviour was assessed on 23 observation categories derived from the course content. Frequencies were rated as well as judgements about the quality of the performance of each target skill. Satisfaction was measured by the Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale. Data were analyzed by means of multilevel statistical methods. RESULTS: The behavioural assessment showed course effects on ratings of the physicians' quality of performance. No course effects were found on the frequencies of physicians' behaviours and on the patient satisfaction ratings. CONCLUSIONS: CAI is a promising method to supply medical specialists with postgraduate training of communication skills. The application of judgement ratings of communication behaviour proved to be valuable to evaluate course effects in real-life patient encounters.  

A pilot study of patient quality of life during radiation therapy treatment

The purpose of this research was to develop a quality of life (QOL) tool that would help to reveal any physical, mental or emotional changes patients may experience while receiving radiation therapy. Research focusing on quality of life during radiation therapy is in its infancy. Although many tools to measure QOL have been developed, until very recently few had been geared specifically toward those receiving radiation therapy. In addition to a radiation-specific instrument, the goal was to develop a multidimensional measure that would be short in length and could be completed by the patient in 15 min or less. This new Quality of Life Radiation Therapy Instrument (QOL_RTI) is a visual analogue scale with 24 questions and is not site specific. Twenty-one patients with varlous diagnoses and treatment sites completed the questionnalre at baseline and then weekly during the course of radiation therapy. The internal consistency of the instrument (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.87. At baseline each patient also was asked to complete the Ferran's and Powers QLI Cancer Version 6 (QLIC); the correlation between the QLIC and the QOL-RTI was 0.47. These results are based on a small number of patients, but initlal efforts in creating an instrument that is quick and easy for patients to complete have been encouraging. An additional 70–80 patients are now being entered into a study using the QOL-RTI to further evaluate reliabillty and validity.Previously published in abstract form: Qual Life Res 1994; 3: 82–83.  

The effects of continuing medical education on family doctor performance in office practice: a randomized control study

A randomized controlled study was conducted to determine if specifically designed continuing medical education in the fields of cardiovascular and cancer medicine could change doctor office behaviour significantly. Thirty-one volunteer family doctors from 25 offices participated. Six (three cardiovascular and three cancer) learning objectives were defined. Two educational formats were selected as the independent variables: (1) group interaction opportunities (face-to-face and teleconference); and (2) concisely written newsletters. Chart measures of doctor performance prior to and 6 and 12 months following education served as the dependent variables. The family doctors receiving education were found to perform the recommended behaviours significantly more than those who did not receive the education (P less than 0.05) at 6 months post-education. This difference was maintained at the 12-month post-educational period for one of the educational programmes offered. A carefully planned programme of continuing medical education will result in favourable changes in the office practice of volunteer doctors. These changes can persist for as long as 12 months. Adherence to several essential learning principles is required.  

肿瘤科护士的压力分析及对策

目的：了解肿瘤科护士压力源，探讨减轻护士压力的应对措施。方法：采用问卷调查法，对21名肿瘤科护士工作压力源进行调查。结果：肿瘤科护士主要的压力来源于病人多方面的刺激，担心化疗及放疗时身体的危害，业务要求多，经常面对濒死患者，工作无成就感等方面。结论：通过个体、团体调适，加强护患沟通，医院及护理管理者提供支持等措施可有效地应对压力。