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1.
The aim of this overview was to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials on alveolar ridge preservation after a tooth extraction. During March 2020, two independent reviewers performed an electronic search of the PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to identify all relevant systematic reviews including randomized clinical trials on alveolar ridge preservation. A manual search of articles in renowned journals was also conducted. The methodological quality of the included reviews was determined using the AMSTAR-2 tool. From the 53 initially retrieved studies, 11 were finally included: three systematic reviews and eight systematic reviews with meta-analyses. The methodological quality of the included reviews was low or critically low. Higher quality clinical studies should be conducted prior to performing further reviews and these should meet the methodological requirements that are fundamental to this type of research.  相似文献   
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近年来,随着人口老龄化的加剧及生活方式的改变,各类脊柱疾病的发生率逐年上升[1],手术治疗可缓解疼痛、矫正畸形、重建脊柱稳定性,而随着脊柱外科手术量及难度的增加,围手术期出血不容忽视,出血过多可引起多种并发症,甚至影响患者预后[2]。减少出血不仅对保持患者的血流动力学平衡很重要,而且对手术视野的观察也很重要。  相似文献   
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目的 探讨儿童颞骨骨折的临床特点及治疗策略。 方法 回顾性分析2014年7月~2021年7月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院确诊的477例18岁以下颞骨骨折患儿的临床资料,包括患儿性别、年龄、受伤原因、影像学、面神经及听力学评估、并发症、治疗及预后。 结果 477例颞骨骨折患儿中男358例、女119例,男女比例为3∶1,年龄范围为0~18岁,中位年龄9岁,其中6例为双侧。交通事故是受伤主要原因(57.23%),其次为跌倒(23.69%)。最常见的临床症状为鼓室积血和耳出血,通常3周~1个月消失。纵行骨折253耳(52.38%),横行骨折35耳(7.25%),混合型骨折48耳(9.93%),其他不能进行分型147耳(30.43%),表现为轻微骨折线。听力受损372例(77.02%);面神经损伤28例(5.80%),其中8例为内听道及以上层面损伤;脑脊液耳漏47例(9.73%);鼓膜穿孔15例(3.11%)。合并颅内损伤78例(16.35%),全身多发损伤19例(3.98%)。即发性面瘫10例,1例恢复良好(10.00%);迟发性面瘫18例,15例恢复良好(83.33%)。耳科并发症的处理经手术治疗10例,包括8例鼓室探查+听骨链重建,术后听阈恢复正常。2例面神经减压术,术后House-Brackmann面神经功能分级(HB分级)Ⅴ级恢复至Ⅱ级。 结论 儿童颞骨骨折中,男童常见,最常见的受伤原因为交通事故。鼓室积血、鼓膜穿孔、脑脊液耳漏和传导性耳聋经保守治疗多可治愈,外伤所致听骨链骨折或脱位经手术治疗预后良好,外伤所致内听道区域骨折可引起极重度感音神经性耳聋和完全性面瘫,预后较差。  相似文献   
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ObjectivesThis document presents the fundamentals of speech audiometry in noise, general requirements for implementation and criteria for choice among the tests available in French according to the health-professional's needs.Material and methodsThe recommendations are based on a systematic analysis of the literature carried out by a multidisciplinary group of doctors, audiologists and audioprosthetists from all over France. They are graded A, B, C or expert opinion according to decreasing level of scientific evidence.ResultsEight tests of speech audiometry in noise can be used in France.ConclusionTo be complete, evaluation of hearing status requires testing understanding of speech in noise. The examination must begin with a minimum of two measurements familiarizing the subject with the test procedure. For initial diagnosis, adaptive procedures establishing the 50% speech reception threshold (SRT50) in noise are to be preferred in order to obtain a rapid and standardized measurement of perception of speech in noise. When the aim is to measure real-life speech comprehension, tests based on sentences, cocktail-party noise and free-field stimulation are to be preferred. Prosthetic gain is evaluated exclusively in free field. This is the only way to evaluate the contribution of binaurality and to measure perception in noise in an environment as close as possible to real life. In order to avoid acoustic interference in free field, at least five loudspeakers should be used, in particular for evaluating the effectiveness of directional microphones, CROS devices enabling sounds picked up in the damaged ear to be rerouted to the functional ear, or bimodal fitting (i.e., when hearing is enabled by two modalities: for example, hearing aid for one ear, cochlear implant for the other).  相似文献   
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Objective To determine if ARHGEF10 has a haploinsufficient effect and provide evidence to evaluate the severity,if any,during prenatal consultation.Methods Zebrafish was used as a model for generating mutant.The pattern of arhgef10 expression in the early stages of zebrafish development was observed using whole-mount in situ hybridization(WISH).CRISPR/Cas9 was applied to generate a zebrafish model with a single-copy or homozygous arhgef10 deletion.Activity and light/dark tests were performed in arhgef10?/?,arhgef10+/?,and wild-type zebrafish larvae.ARHGEF10 was knocked down using small interferon RNA(siRNA)in the SH-SY5Y cell line,and cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using the CCK-8 assay and Annexin V/PI staining,respectively.Results WISH showed that during zebrafish embryonic development arhgef10 was expressed in the midbrain and hindbrain at 36-72 h post-fertilization(hpf)and in the hemopoietic system at 36-48 hpf.The zebrafish larvae with single-copy and homozygous arhgef10 deletions had lower exercise capacity and poorer responses to environmental changes compared to wild-type zebrafish larvae.Moreover,arhgef10?/? zebrafish had more severe symptoms than arhgef10+/- zebrafish.Knockdown of ARHGEF10 in human neuroblastoma cells led to decreased cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis.Conclusion Based on our findings,ARHGEF10 appeared to have a haploinsufficiency effect.  相似文献   
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目的探讨单侧突发性聋患者脑部磁共振弥散峰度成像(diffasion kurtosis imaging,DKI)检查对突聋预后的评估作用。方法收集右侧突发性聋患者32例(突聋组),(病程≤3周,男16例,女16例,年龄39~73岁,平均52.31±8.59岁),正常对照组23例(男11例,女12例,年龄41~68岁,平均56.36±6.82岁),对照组和突聋组治疗前行常规磁共振检查及全脑DKI成像扫描;基于统计软件比较突聋组与正常对照组全脑DKI各参数图差异脑区;并根据治疗结果,将突聋组患者分为显效组(20例)和无效组(12例),再分别与正常对照组比较。结果双样本t检验结果显示,与正常对照组比较,突聋组左侧的颞上回、颞中回及颞下回、左侧的顶叶及枕叶等脑区的白质有不同程度的各向异性分数(FA)值减小,突聋组双侧额叶均有平均扩散峰度(MK)值及径向峰度(RK)值增加。突聋组的显效组20例和无效组12例分别与正常对照组比较,可见突聋组的轴向分度(AD)在右侧额上回、右侧额中回、左侧额中回减小,右侧中央后回减小,径向分度(RD)在左侧扣带回、左侧颞上回减小,扩散峰度各向异性(KFA)在左侧枕上回、左侧角回、左侧扣带回增加,平均弥散率(MD)在右侧额叶直回增加,MK在左侧边缘叶、右侧额中回、右侧缘上回增大,这些区域的改变提示预后较好;AD、RD、KFA、MD、MK在颞上、中、下回减小,而枕叶、额叶无改变,则提示预后较差。结论DKI检查对突发性聋的预后评估有一定的指导作用,颞叶、额叶、枕叶均发生参数改变的患者预后较佳,参数改变发生在颞叶的患者,则其预后较差。  相似文献   
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Dementia is a serious and costly illness. Early identification of cognitive impairment provides opportunity for earlier intervention, and there is growing evidence suggesting that early intervention may help delay the onset of dementia. There is limited concensus and standardized recommendations for when and how cognitive screening should occur. This quality improvement project implemented a standardized nurse-led cognitive screening workflow during the Medicare annual wellness visit. Statistically significant differences were found between the baseline and implementation groups for Mini-Cog screening rates and referral for follow-up for further neurocognitive evaluation. A structured nurse-led workflow improved the cognitive screening process, providing opportunity for further evaluation and intervention.  相似文献   
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