天津铁路辖区某车轮车间生产性噪声分析

目的通过对天津铁路辖区某车轮车间生产性噪声特点进行分析,确定该车轮车间噪声重点关注岗位,为该企业进行噪声治理、保护工人健康提供依据。方法采用职业卫生现场调查法于2018年9月识别该车轮车间噪声作业岗位,根据国家相关标准对上述作业岗位进行检测,根据噪声作业8 h等效声级测定结果,确定噪声危害作业级别。结果现场调查显示,某车轮车间噪声作业点超标率为9.8%,存在2个轻度危害作业点,1个中度危害作业点,1个重度危害作业点。结论某车轮车间的噪声状况应引起用人单位高度重视,针对存在噪声隐患的作业点应及时为生产工人配备相应噪声防护用品,保障作业人员听力安全。     

"掠夺"与"对抗":上海公共租界审判权的变迁

上海公共租界内的审判机关是中国所有租界中数量最多,变迁最为复杂的。而这些建立在租界内的审判机关大多与领事裁判权息息相关。无论是租界当局还是中国政府对于设立在上海公共租界内的审判机关都非常关注,因为这不仅仅是国家独立主权的一种体现,更是在独立法权与治权之上的“掠夺”与“对抗”。从在租界内设立的各国领事法庭,到以工部局为主要对象的领事公堂。从洋泾浜北首理事衙门到上海公共租界特区地方法院,从租界初期清政府在租界内拥有的完全的审判权到一步步被租界洋人所蚕食掠夺．再到中国官民不懈的对抗,一点点收回审判权,上海公共租界内的审判权力变化纷繁复杂,租界内中外势力通过对审判权力的争夺,以扩展出各势力当局的行政权在租界中的博弈。     

工商行政管理部门在药品监管中的职权刍议

在药品监督管理中，存在药品监管部门与工商管理部门职权交叉的现象，本文论述了工商管理部门在药品监管中的有关职权，探讨了两部门职权交叉的成因，提出了解决该问题的思路和建议。     

The implications of healthcare reforms for the profession of nursing

This paper offers a wide-ranging analysis of concerns that the value of emotion work within nursing is being eroded. We examine the occupation's historical development to argue that, in so far as emotion work has any essence within nursing, it is as an occupational myth which has been deployed to legitimate nurses' jurisdictional claims. We argue that recent developments in health-care raise questions about the benefits of claims of this kind and suggest that a little more realism about the nature of nursing work might make for a more sustainable professional future.     

新冠肺炎疫情下大理市“征用”口罩引发的法律思考

此次新冠肺炎疫情蔓延，形势严峻，大理市对途径该市的口罩“征用”。本研究从法律角度对该事件进行了系统分析，认为大理市取得口罩的行为是征用而非征收；该行为具有公共利益，但其侵犯了他省的合法权益，造成了严重的社会不良影响；大理市对本行政区域内的口罩享有管辖权，但口罩是公共物品，不能成为征用对象。大理市征用口罩的行为违法。     

Re-reading nursing and re-writing practice: towards an empirically based reformulation of the nursing mandate

This article examines field studies of nursing work published in the English language between 1993 and 2003 as the first step towards an empirically based reformulation of the nursing mandate. A decade of ethnographic research reveals that, contrary to contemporary theories which promote an image of nursing work centred on individualised unmediated caring relationships, in real-life practice the core nursing contribution is that of the healthcare mediator. Eight bundles of activity that comprise this intermediary role are described utilising evidence from the literature. The mismatch between nursing's culture and ideals and the structure and constraints of the work setting is a chronic source of practitioner dissatisfaction. It is argued that the profession has little to gain by pursuing an agenda of holistic patient care centred on emotional intimacy and that an alternative occupational mandate focused on the healthcare mediator function might make for more humane health services and a more viable professional future.     

Establishing a process for conducting cross‐jurisdictional record linkage in Australia

Objective: To describe the realities of conducting a cross‐jurisdictional data linkage project involving state and Australian Government‐based data collections to inform future national data linkage programs of work. Methods: We outline the processes involved in conducting a Proof of Concept data linkage project including the implementation of national data integration principles, data custodian and ethical approval requirements, and establishment of data flows. Results: The approval process involved nine approval and regulatory bodies and took more than two years. Data will be linked across 12 datasets involving three data linkage centres. A framework was established to allow data to flow between these centres while maintaining the separation principle that serves to protect the privacy of the individual. Conclusions: This will be the first project to link child immunisation records from an Australian Government dataset to other administrative health datasets for a population cohort covering 2 million births in two Australian states. Implications: Although the project experienced some delays, positive outcomes were realised, primarily the development of strong collaborations across key stakeholder groups including community engagement. We have identified several recommendations and enhancements to this now established framework to further streamline the process for data linkage studies involving Australian Government data.     

Healthcare Chaplaincy as a Companion Profession: Historical Developments

Chaplains, like professionals in a range of industries, have long sought to maintain and build occupational power by articulating their professional mandate and advocating for their work. I describe how leaders of the Association of Professional Chaplains and its predecessor organizations used multiple strategies to articulate and re-articulate their professional mandate between 1940 and the present to become a companion profession, one that comes alongside another without seeking to challenge its jurisdiction. I find chaplains seeking to develop an economic base, aligning interests across distinct segments of the profession and creating new professional associations, lobbying for legislative support, and offering their services in institutional voids. They further adopted the language of healthcare around questions of identity, charting, and accreditation and, chaplains used not just the frameworks but the methods of healthcare—evidence based research—to try to demonstrate their value. This history can help chaplains and chaplaincy leaders today to form a more comprehensive sense of their history and think more strategically regarding how to make the case for their profession going forward.     

Cross-border Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Legal and Ethical Considerations

Although stem cell research is a field that stands to benefit a lot from international cooperation, collaboration between scientists of different countries is hampered by the great divergence in national stem cell legislations. More specifically, researchers from countries with restrictive stem cell policies find themselves unable to participate in international research or attend meetings or workshops in more permissive environments as they fear being prosecuted in their home country for activities that are deemed acceptable abroad. Juridical clarity on this subject is long overdue. Legally, extraterritorial jurisdiction based on the nationality principle does not conflict with international law. However, invoking this principle to prosecute stem cell researchers would constitute a breach with the current custom to limit extraterritorial jurisdiction to exceptional crimes or circumstances. On the ethical front, legislators have an obligation towards their constituents to protect them from harm through the criminal justice system, but at the same time they should be wary of legal moralism and of jeopardising freedom of research. Researchers on their part cannot simply ignore the law whenever it deviates from their personal moral opinions, but they are not acting unethically if they perform research that they esteem to be ethically justified where it is also legally accepted. Allowing researchers to work freely abroad—within the jurisdiction of the host country—is a way for legislator and researcher to show respect for each other’s different moral values and to balance their rights and obligations towards each other.