In Situ Hall Effect Monitoring of Vacuum Annealing of In2O3:H Thin Films

Hydrogen doped In₂O₃ thin films were prepared by room temperature sputter deposition with the addition of H₂O to the sputter gas. By subsequent vacuum annealing, the films obtain high mobility up to 90 cm²/Vs. The films were analyzed in situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex situ by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmission and Hall effect measurements. Furthermore, we present results from in situ Hall effect measurements during vacuum annealing of In₂O₃:H films, revealing distinct dependence of carrier concentration and mobility with time at different annealing temperatures. We suggest hydrogen passivation of grain boundaries as the main reason for the high mobility obtained with In₂O₃:H films.     

Fabrication of a Flexible Photodetector Based on a Liquid Eutectic Gallium Indium

A fluidic gallium-based liquid metal (LM) is an interesting material for producing flexible and stretchable electronics. A simple and reliable method developed to facilitate the fabrication of a photodetector based on an LM is presented. A large and thin conductive eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) film can be fabricated with compressed EGaIn microdroplets. A solution of LM microdroplets can be synthesized by ultrasonication after mixing with EGaIn and ethanol and then dried on a PDMS substrate. In this study, a conductive LM film was obtained after pressing with another substrate. The film was sufficiently conductive and stretchable, and its electrical conductivity was 2.2 × 10⁶ S/m. The thin film was patterned by a fiber laser marker, and the minimum line width of the pattern was approximately 20 μm. Using a sticky PDMS film, a Ga₂O₃ photo-responsive layer was exfoliated from the fabricated LM film. With the patterned LM electrode and the transparent photo-responsive film, a flexible photodetector was fabricated, which yielded photo-response-current ratios of 30.3%, 14.7%, and 16.1% under 254 nm ultraviolet, 365 nm ultraviolet, and visible light, respectively.     

Treatment of venous thrombosis in antithrombin III deficient patients with concentrates of antithrombin III

Summary Two patients with familial antithrombin III deficiency developed deep venous thrombosis of the lower limb. The diagnosis of venous thrombosis was made by the indium labelled platelet technique which also allowed for the daily assessment of thrombus size. Each patient received treatment with Warfarin, subcutaneous heparin, and infusions of antithrombin III concentrates. The authors conclude that infusions of antithrombin III concentrates may be of value in limiting the extent of acute thrombosis in patients with a severe deficiency of this protein and may help prevent pulmonary embolism. The haemorrhagic risk of continuing modest doses of heparin with high dose ATIII therapy appears small. In addition to its value in the diagnosis of venous thrombosis the indium platelet technique may give an early indication of thrombus extension and may thus indicate the effectiveness of treatment.     

Analysis of Post-Deposition Recrystallization Processing via Indium Bromide of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films

Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) thin films were deposited at low temperature (350 °C) and high rate (10 µm/h) by a single stage process. The effect of post-deposition treatments at 400 °C and 500 °C by indium bromide vapor were studied and compared to the effect of a simple annealing under selenium. Structural, electrical, and chemical analyses demonstrate that there is a drastic difference between the different types of annealing, with the ones under indium bromide leading to much larger grains and higher conductivity. These properties are associated with a modification of the elemental profiles, specifically for gallium and sodium.     

Pulmonary metastases in patients with recurrent, treatment-resistant meningioma: prognosis and identification by ¹¹¹Indium-octreotide imaging

BACKGROUND:

Meningioma is the most common extra‐axial primary intracranial tumor in adults that rarely metastasizes outside of the central nervous system (CNS). Among recognized sites of metastases, the lung is the most common, but the importance of lung metastases relative to prognosis is unknown. ¹¹¹Indium (¹¹¹In)‐octreotide scintigraphy (octreotide scanning) is a valuable imaging modality with which to evaluate intracranial meningiomas and their response to treatment with somatostatin analogues and has the potential to identify extracranial metastatic disease.

METHODS:

In this retrospective multicenter study, adult patients treated for recurrent meningioma were identified. These patients underwent ¹¹¹In‐octreotide positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging (octreotide scintigraphy) and were found to have positive octreotide uptake in their lungs.

RESULTS:

Six cases were identified with recurrent meningioma (after surgery, radiotherapy, and at least 1 chemotherapy agent) and pulmonary lesions by octreotide scintigraphy. Biopsy of a pulmonary lesion in 1 patient confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic meningioma. Patients with metastatic pulmonary involvement identified by ¹¹¹In‐octreotide scintigraphy in this case series had an overall survival of 6 months, which is less than that reported from previously published series of patients with unknown systemic disease status.

CONCLUSIONS:

¹¹¹In‐octreotide scintigraphy is useful for assessing both CNS disease and extracranial metastases. The presence of pulmonary metastases appears to negatively affect survival in patients with recurrent meningioma. The usefulness of ¹¹¹In‐octreotide scintigraphy should be considered in staging patients with recurrent meningioma who are considered for further treatment. A prospective study to confirm this finding is warranted. Cancer 2011;. Published 2011 by the American Cancer Society.     

Use of the Gamma-Ray Perturbed Angular Correlation (PAC) Technique for Monitoring Liposomal Phospholipid Bilayer Integrity

A membrane labeling method based on the principle of gamma-ray perturbed angular correction (PAC) was developed to monitor the structural integrity of liposomal membranes. The reporter group was ¹¹¹In(III) complexed with the lipophilic diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) derivative of dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) embedded in the phospholipid bilayers of small unilamellar liposomes. Using this method, complete chemical digestion of the constituent phospholipids in these DTPA-conjugated liposomes by phospholipase A₂ or phospholipase C in the presence of Ca^{2 +} was found not to be followed by an immediate disruption of the liposomal membrane. Compared with other methods, the method developed permits the continuous noninvasive monitoring of the micro-environment of the lipid bilayer at the molecular level. It may potentially be applicable to evaluate liposomal fusion, screen for penetration enhancers under development for enhancement in mucosal drug penetration, and monitor liposomal degradation within the living animal.Karl J. Hwang: Deceased.     

从盐酸溶液中萃取铟

报道了几种常用的萃取剂从盐酸溶液中革取In3~+的性能分析。发现在较高的盐酸浓度下,N235、TBP萃取In~(3+)的能力均较大,分配比达到最大时所对应的盐酸浓度随萃取剂浓度的增加而减小。初步探讨了N263-MIBK,N235-MIBK,N235-N263从盐酸溶液中苹取In~(3+)时的协同作用,发现对In~(3+)均有明显的协同效应。对于N263-MIBK,协萃分配比在N263和MIBK的浓度分别为0.08 mol/L,4.8 mol/L时达到最大,最大值为580。改变盐酸浓度和温度,协萃分配比亦有较大的变化,但协萃比变化不大。在盐酸浓度为4.5mol/L时,协萃分配比达到最大。     

The effect of an isoprenaline infusion on the splenic blood flow and intrasplenic platelet kinetics

The effect of a constant isoprenaline infusion on the venous platelet count, splenic blood flow and intrasplenic platelet kinetics was investigated in 6 healthy male volunteers. The study was carried out using autologous 111In-labelled platelets and dynamic gamma camera imaging of the initial distribution of radiolabelled platelets between blood and splenic platelet pool. The isoprenaline infusions were administered i.v. over 30 min in a dose of 0.03 micrograms/kg/min. These infusions significantly increased the splenic blood flow and the size of the exchangeable splenic platelet pool. Concomitantly, there was a decrease of labelled as well as unlabelled platelets in the peripheral blood. The intrasplenic platelet transit time was not affected. Before start of infusion, the splenic blood flow was 6.1 +/- 2.9 (SD) % of total blood volume/min and the splenic platelet pool size 34 +/- 9 (SD) %. During infusion the corresponding values were 8.7 +/- 3.9 (SD) and 41 +/- 11 (SD), respectively. It is concluded that an i.v. infusion of isoprenaline enhances splenic pooling of platelets as a result of an increase in splenic blood flow.     

放射免疫显象时肠道放射性来源机理的实验研究

放射免疫显象时的肠道放射性常导致腹部显像结果判断的困难。为了研究肠道放射性来源机理，将大鼠分为胆总管切断组和对照组，在注射１１１铟标记的ＺＭＥ－０ｌ８（抗黑色素瘤，ＩｇＧ２ａ）后，肠道放射性在两组间无显著性差异。说明单克隆抗体ＺＭＥ－０ｌ８直接被肠壁吸收而不通过胆道排泄；在注射１１１铟标记的ＺＣＥ－０２５后，胆总管切断组肠道放射性较对照组低３０％，说明单克隆抗体ＺＣＥ－０２５（抗癌胚抗原，Ｉｇ１）既被肠壁直接吸收，又通过胆道排泄。     

Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibody Indium 111-Labeled CYT-356 Localizes Extraprostatic Recurrent Carcinoma After Prostatectomy

Objectives. The sites of recurrent carcinoma of the prostate were localized with radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, and these sites were correlated with the response of patients treated with pelvic radiation after prostatectomy.Methods. Radionuclide scans were performed with indium 111-labeled CYT-356, a monoclonal antibody that binds to prostate epithelial cells, in 48 men diagnosed with recurrent carcinoma detected by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening after radical retropubic prostatectomy.Results. In 48 patients with recurrent carcinoma detected by PSA screening following radical retropubic prostatectomy, 73% had monoclonal antibody activity beyond the prostatic fossa, and only 3 patients (6%) had activity in the prostatic fossa alone; 65% had monoclonal antibody activity in pelvic lymph nodes despite the fact that lymph node dissections were pathologically negative at the time of prostatectomy in 90% of the patients; and 23% of patients had monoclonal antibody activity in abdominal and extrapelvic retroperitoneal nodes. Of 48 patients, 13 underwent external beam radiation therapy after monoclonal antibody scans. Six patients had scans showing activity beyond the field of radiation, and radiation therapy failed in 4 of these patients. Seven patients had scans with no activity beyond the field of radiation therapy, and radiation therapy failed in only 2 of these patients.Conclusions. The scans frequently show monoclonal antibody uptake in pelvic, abdominal, and extrapelvic retroperitoneal sites beyond the region of limited obturator node dissections and may account for the understaging and subsequent failure of radical prostatectomy in some patients. The monoclonal antibody scan seems to be a good predictor of which patients will respond to radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy, but because these patients often have nodal activity beyond the radiated field, this initial response may not be curative.