Big Data and Total Hip Arthroplasty: How Do Large Databases Compare?

Background

Use of large databases for orthopedic research has become extremely popular in recent years. Each database varies in the methods used to capture data and the population it represents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how these databases differed in reported demographics, comorbidities, and postoperative complications for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients.

ProKinO: A Unified Resource for Mining the Cancer Kinome

Protein kinases represent a large and diverse family of evolutionarily related proteins that are abnormally regulated in human cancers. Although genome sequencing studies have revealed thousands of variants in protein kinases, translating “big” genomic data into biological knowledge remains a challenge. Here, we describe an ontological framework for integrating and conceptualizing diverse forms of information related to kinase activation and regulatory mechanisms in a machine readable, human understandable form. We demonstrate the utility of this framework in analyzing the cancer kinome, and in generating testable hypotheses for experimental studies. Through the iterative process of aggregate ontology querying, hypothesis generation and experimental validation, we identify a novel mutational hotspot in the αC‐β4 loop of the kinase domain and demonstrate the functional impact of the identified variants in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) constitutive activity and inhibitor sensitivity. We provide a unified resource for the kinase and cancer community, ProKinO, housed at http://vulcan.cs.uga.edu/prokino .     

大数据思维框架下医院“质量数据管理中心”的集成构建

目的：应用大数据思维集成构建医院“质量数据管理中心”，实现医院质量管理从数据化运营到运营大数据的适应性变革。方法：将医院医保科、质量管理科、病案室、统计室、计算机中心等数据管理密集的职能科室集成构建为医院“质量数据管理中心”。对其职能重新整合分工，逐步建立对医疗、护理、行政管理等全方位质量考核评价的独立机构，定期向医院党委及机关各部门提供一致、准确的决策数据分析报告，用于宏观决策。结果：集成构建的“质量数据管理中心”其原有职能作用可实现1+1＞2，且由于数据信息集中采集、应用、分析、释放，医院决策速度加快、问题管理到位、效益扩增显著。结论：大数据思维框架下集成构建的医院“质量数据管理中心”可重新整合职能分工，高效利用信息资源，减少跨部门管理、控制信息衰减及流失，可为现代医院管理者借鉴应用。     

基于大数据分析剖宫产手术与新生儿出生体重的关系

目的了解临床实际中选择剖宫产术分娩所参考的胎儿出生体重范围,为进一步降低剖宫产率、提升围产期保健服务质量提供依据。方法选取《广东省出生医学证明管理信息系统》中2017年1月1日-12月31日分娩的足月单胎活产新生儿及其产母作为研究对象,分析新生儿出生体重分布、巨大儿发生率以及与剖宫产率的关系。结果剖宫产率为30.6%(540641/1766153),新生儿平均出生体重(3194±402)g,低出生体重<2500 g发生率为2.8%(49672/1766153),巨大儿(出生体重≥4000 g)发生率为3.2%(55893/1766153),出生体重介于2500~3499 g之间的占73.9%(1304677/1766153),出生体重介于3500~3999g的占20.2%(355911/1766153)。以新生儿出生体重介于2500~3499 g为对照,低出生体重组剖宫产率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);当出生体重≥3600 g时,剖宫产率高于对照组,并随着出生体重的增加剖宫产率有上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论胎儿出生体重偏低或过高均影响分娩方式的选择,应加强孕期健康宣教及体质量增长的院内和院外连续监测管理。     

大数据驱动下精准检查预约的探索与实践

目的:避免检查项目间规则禁忌冲突、缩减患者检查预约等待时间,有效整合医院资源,提高工作效率和医疗质量。方法:通过设立检查服务中心、建立检查预约信息平台,实现大型检查集中精准预约,在运行过程中推行“一科一策”,拓展检查预约管理内涵,持续提高大型检查工作效率。结果:(1)实现检查服务资源统一管理,各项检查精确到具体时间点,患者检查服务全流程管理。(2)医技科室24小时检查率、72小时检查率有显著提高,大幅度减少检查预约等候天数,明显减少患者流失;(3)与入院服务中心深度融合,平均住院日得到进一步缩短,显著提高医院经济和社会效益。结论:剖析传统检查业务流程,构建闭环集中式检查预约信息服务平台,打造检查预约新模式,可使医院检查服务流程进一步优化。     

数据库研究第五部分:结直肠癌的肿瘤特征

目的分析目前版本的华西肠癌数据库(Database from Colorectal Cancer,DACCA)中有关结直肠癌数据所具有的肿瘤特征。方法本次数据分析选取的DACCA版本为2019年9月26日更新版,其中数据项目包括:手术日期、癌前病变、癌家族史、肿瘤部位、缘距、肿瘤形态、大小、方位、发生、分化、肿瘤病理、Ki-67指数及并发症(梗阻、套叠、穿孔、疼痛、水肿和出血),分别对各选取的数据项目作特征分析。结果按照条件筛选DACCA数据库获得11 898条可分析数据行。11 898条数据中,癌前病变有效数据为1 275条,提示结直肠癌患者有癌前病变的数据为541条(42.4%),没有癌前病变的数据734条(57.6%)。癌家族史有效数据为1 116条,有癌家族史的数据为761条(6.4%)。Ki-67指数有效数据共计1 893条,为0~95%、(59.0±20.1)%。根据"肿瘤发生"的类型划分后,原发性的结直肠癌占绝大多数(92.8%),转移性的结直肠癌最少(0.3%)。按原发性和多原发分别对肿瘤部位、缘距、肿瘤形态、大小、方位、分化和肿瘤病理进行分析,结果显示,肿瘤部位大多都在直肠(76.9%和41.9%),形态中最常见的都为溃疡型(42.4%和51.5%),肿瘤方位为一圈者居多(44.6%和35.0%),分化程度多为中分化(65.4%和61.3%),肿瘤病理大多都为腺癌(77.8%和64.0%)。结论通过DACCA数据库对结直肠癌的肿瘤特征进行更精确细致的分析,有利于在临床工作中确定诊疗计划、判断预后等。     

检验医学在亚健康诊疗中的应用展望

随着现代生活节奏的加快和生活压力的增大，越来越多的人处于一种介于健康与疾病之间的状态，现代医学称之为"亚健康"。亚健康状态如果持续时间过长且未被及时干预最终会发展成为疾病，因此识别亚健康状态并尽早干预对于预防疾病、保持机体健康状态具有重要意义。亚健康的检测方法有多种，利用医学检验技术通过实验室指标评估机体的健康状态是较为客观的评价方法。目前针对亚健康状态的实验室检测参数及参考值范围尚无明确标准，未来有望通过大数据分析结合机器学习实现对亚健康状态的科学评估。     

Clinical Longevity of 106,462 Rechargeable and Primary Cell Spinal Cord Stimulators: Real World Study in the Medicare Population

IntroductionSpinal cord stimulators (SCS) are available with either primary cell (PC) or rechargeable cell (RC) batteries. Although RC systems are proposed to have a battery longevity upward of nine years, in comparison with four years for PC systems, there are few studies of longevity of SCS in the real world.Materials and MethodsThis was an observational, nonrandomized, retrospective study of Medicare beneficiaries who received neurostimulator implants in the outpatient hospital. This study used Medicare fee-for-service claims data from 2013 to 2020. The clinical longevity of the implantable pulse generator (IPG), defined as the duration from implant until removal for any reason, was compared between PC and RC devices. Life distribution analysis was used to approximate device lifespan. The secondary analysis separated removals into explant or replacements. The statistics were adjusted for relevant clinical covariates.ResultsA total of 25,856 PC and 79,606 RC systems were included in the study. At seven years after implant, 53.8% of PC IPGs and 55.0% of RC IPGs remained in use. The life distribution modeling analysis projected a median lifespan of 8.2 years for PC and 9.0 years for RC devices. The rate of explant was lower for PC devices (19.2%) than for RC devices (22.0%, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.96, p = 0.082), whereas the rate of replacements was higher for PC devices (33.7%) than for RC devices (29.5%, HR = 1.31, p < 0.001). An analysis of the battery type used in device replacements showed an increasing adoption of PC devices over time.ConclusionsThis large, retrospective, real-world analysis of Medicare claims data demonstrated that the clinical longevity of neurostimulator devices is similar for PC and RC batteries. In the past, clinicians may have defaulted to RC devices based on the assumption that they provided extended battery life. Considering this longevity data, clinicians should now consider the choice between PC and RC devices based on other individual factors pertinent to the patient experience and not on purported longevity claims.