A review of dementia,focusing on the distinct roles of viral protein corona and MMP9 in dementia: Potential pharmacotherapeutic priorities

Dementia, in particular, is a defining feature of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Because of the combination of motor and cognitive impairments, Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) has a greater impact on affected people than Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) and others. If one family member develops dementia, the other members will suffer greatly in terms of social and occupational functioning. Currently, no relevant treatment is available based on an examination of the absolute pathophysiology of dementia. As a result, our objective of current review encouraged to look for dementia pharmacotherapy based on their pathogenesis. We systematically searched electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ESCI for information on the pathophysiology of demetia, as well as their treatment with allopathic and herbal medications. By modulating intermediate proteins, oxidative stress, viral protein corona, and MMP9 are etiological factors that cause dementia. The pathophysiology of ADD was described by two hypotheses: the amyloid cascade hypothesis and the tau and tangle hypothesis. ADD is caused by an increase in amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebrum. The viral protein corona (VPC) is more contagious and helps to form amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebrum. Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) inside the BBB encourages Aβ to become more engaged. PDD is caused by decreased or absent dopamine secretion from nerve cells in the substantia nigra, as well as PRKN gene deletion/duplication mutations, and shift in the PRKN-PACRG organisation, all of which are linked to ageing. This article discussed the pathophysiology of dementia, as well as a list of herbal medications that can easily cross the BBB and have a therapeutic effect on dementia.     

2018 ATC/TTS器官移植前沿热点回顾及进展概述

重点概述2018年美国移植大会及第27届国际移植大会有关器官移植基础、临床及转化医学研究的前沿热点及最新进展，包括供者特异性抗体、抗体介导排斥反应、临床免疫耐受、供器官合理利用、供肝保存新技术应用及移植相关病毒感染等概要内容。     

Development of suspension adapted Vero cell culture process technology for production of viral vaccines

Vero cells are considered as the most widely accepted continuous cell line by the regulatory authorities (such as WHO) for the manufacture of viral vaccines for human use. The growth of Vero cells is anchorage-dependent. Scale-up and manufacturing in adherent cultures are labor intensive and complicated. Adaptation of Vero cells to grow in suspension will simplify subcultivation and process scale-up significantly, and therefore reduce the production cost.Here we report on a successful adaptation of adherent Vero cells to grow in suspension in a serum-free and animal component-free medium (IHM03) developed in-house. The suspension adapted Vero cell cultures in IHM03 grew to similar or better maximum cell density as what was observed for the adherent Vero cells grown in commercial serum-free media and with a cell doubling time of 40–44 h. Much higher cell density (8 × 10⁶ cells/mL) was achieved in a batch culture when three volume of the culture medium was replaced during the batch culture process.Both adherent and suspension Vero cells from various stages were tested for their authenticity using short tandem repeat analysis. Testing result indicates that all Vero cell samples had 100% concordance with the Vero DNA control sample, indicating the suspension cells maintained their genetic stability. Furthermore, suspension Vero cells at a passage number of 163 were assayed for tumorigenicity, and were not found to be tumorigenic.The viral productivity of suspension Vero cells was evaluated by using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) as a model. The suspension cell culture showed a better productivity of VSV than the adherent Vero cell culture. In addition, the suspension culture could be infected at higher cell densities, thus improving the volumetric virus productivity. More than one log of increase in the VSV productivity was achieved in a 3L bioreactor perfusion culture infected at a cell density of 6.8 × 10⁶ cells/mL.     

小儿病毒性脑炎继发癫痫的EEG影像学及临床分析

目的探讨儿童病毒性脑炎继发癫痫(PEE)的脑电图(EEG)及影像学特点,进一步探讨其临床高危因素。方法以明确诊断的34例PEE患儿为观察组,选取同时期就诊的同年龄段病毒性脑炎未继发癫痫(no-PEE)患儿102例为对照组。收集患儿病毒性脑炎(VE)急性期临床资料,并进行随访。结果单因素分析得出2组病脑急性期痫性发作≥2次、癫痫持续状态(SE)、昏迷,EEG癫痫样放电、广泛或弥漫性慢波,影像学单纯皮层受损、皮层及皮层下受损、丘脑基底节受损差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,病毒性脑炎急性期痫性发作≥2次、SE、昏迷、EEG癫痫样放电、影像学皮层及皮层下同时受损差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),为PEE危险因素。2组患儿随访期间智力发育落后差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论病毒性脑炎急性期EEG癫痫样放电、影像学皮层及皮层下同时受损、痫性发作≥2次、SE、昏迷为PEE危险因素。PEE患儿远期多有智力发育落后,应密切随访,及时干预治疗。