SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量RT-PCR测定猴免疫缺陷病毒RNA拷贝数方法的建立

.学者论坛·在动物实验中解决临床难题···························，·······································································……顾玉东(3)基因〕:程     

Apparently increased trough levels of tacrolimus caused by acute infantile diarrhea in two infants with biliary atresia after liver transplantation

Two infants with biliary atresia who exhibited three-fold increased trough levels of tacrolimus and required reduced doses during episodes of acute infantile diarrhea within 5 months of liver transplantation are described. The cause of the increase was not explained simply by hemoconcentration as a result of significant loss of extracellular fluid during these episodes. It does highlight an important issue: that of the continuing need to carefully monitor the trough levels of tacrolimus in such infants.     

Epidemiology of acute diarrhea in children living in Sicily

A longitudinal survey (February 1984 - January 1985) on the incidence of acute diarrhea episodes in a sample of 8,164 children (aged 0–12 years) living in southeastern Sicily was carried out by means of weekly telephone interviews with doctors practising in the territory. The incidence rate was 0.479 (0.472–0.485 95% C.I.) per child per year and the frequency of episodes was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in children aged 0–4 years (0.86). Diarrhea was more frequent in industrial areas than in rural ones, and almost half (45.1%) of the total episodes had a mild course. No death from diarrhea occurred and admission to hospital was reported for 8.4% of all cases.Corresponding author.     

Comparison of yogurt, soybean, casein, and amino acid–based diets in children with persistent diarrhea

Although previous studies have shown successful treatment of persistent diarrhea (PD) with the use of yogurt-based diets, some recent ones speculate the need of special formulas for the nutritional management of PD complicated cases. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the consumption of 3 lactose-free diets, with different degrees of complexity, is associated with lower stool output and shorter duration of diarrhea when compared with the use of a yogurt-based one on the nutritional management of PD. A total of 154 male infants, aged between 1 and 30 months, with PD and with or without dehydration, were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups. Throughout the study, the patients were placed in a metabolic unit; their body weights and intakes of oral rehydration solution, water, and formula diets, in addition to outputs of stool, urine, and vomit, were measured and recorded at 24-hour intervals. Four different diets were used in this study: diet 1, yogurt-based formula; diet 2, soy-based formula; diet 3, hydrolyzed protein-based formula; and diet 4, amino acid–based formula. Throughout the study, only these formula diets were fed to the children. The data showed that children fed the yogurt-based diet (diet 1) or the amino acid–based diet (diet 4) had a significant reduction in stool output and in the duration of diarrhea. The use of an inexpensive and worldwide-available yogurt-based diet is recommended as the first choice for the nutritional management of mild to moderate PD. For the few complicated PD cases, when available, a more complex amino acid–based diet should be reserved for the nutritional management of these unresponsive and severe presentations. Soy-based or casein-based diets do not offer any specific advantage or benefits and do not seem to have a place in the management of PD.     

心先安佐治小儿病毒性心肌炎临床疗效分析

目的:分析心先安佐治小儿病毒性心肌炎的临床疗效。方法:136例病毒性心肌炎患儿随机分为治疗组及对照组,在相同的 基础治疗条件下,治疗组应用心先安2～5mg kg,加液静滴,每天2次。结果:心先安组;痊愈51例(75%),好转12例(17.65%),无效5例(7. 35%),总有效92.65%。对照组痊愈41例(60.29%),好转14例(20.59%),无效13例(19.12%),总有效80.88%。两组相比、差异有显著性 (x2=4.09,P<0.005)。结论:心先安治疗小儿病毒性心肌炎疗效确切,且安全、可靠。     

喜炎平注射液联合维生素K3治疗小儿秋季腹泻的疗效观察

目的观察喜炎平与维生素K3联合治疗小儿秋季腹泻的疗效.方法将89例秋季腹泻患儿随机分为2组.治疗组采用喜炎平与维生素K3联合治疗,对照组则采用利巴韦林治疗,疗程5d.结果治疗组的总有效率为93.3%,显著优于对照组的65.9%(X2=10.37,P＜0.01).结论喜炎平与维生素K3联合治疗小儿秋季腹泻值得进一步推广.     

The comparative evaluation of cellular localization of viral antigens with microscopic changes in the ileum of cattle infected with bovine viral diarrhea

The correlation between microscopic changes with cellular localization of viral antigens was studied in the ileum of 16 cases infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Microscopic lesions in the ileum included multifocal erosive and ulcerative ileitis, severe congestion and hemorrhage, crypt dilation and mucus engorgement, epithelial debris and leukocytes, lymphoid depletion of Peyer’s patches, herniation of mucosal epithelium into depleted Peyer’s patches, and fibrinoid vasculitis of submucosal vessels. BVDV antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry in macrophages, dendritic cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells of crypts, and mucosal epithelium, together with other mononuclear cells including lymphocytes, plasma cells, fibroblasts, and intramural ganglial cells. No consistent correlation between the presence of BVDV antigen and vascular lesions in the ileum was identified. The intensity and distribution of the immunoperoxidase stain in the ileum was graded as highly positive (18.7%), moderately positive (56.3%), and mildly positive (25%). In conclusion, the pattern and density of distribution and localization of BVDV antigen in the ileum was not consistently correlated with the severity of microscopic lesions.     

载氧血红蛋白纯化工艺研究

目的改善心脑血管缺氧载氧药物是一种创新药物。由于它半径比红细胞小400~1 000倍,易于通过毛细血管,给缺血组织及时供氧,迅速缓解或纠正缺氧状态,达到治疗抢救目的。血红蛋白的纯化工艺是载氧药物研制的重要工艺步骤。方法本研究建立了一套通过热敏法分离纯化人脐带血血红蛋白的工艺以及较为完善的纯化血红蛋白质量检测指标。结果与现有的纯化方式相比,热敏法操作简便,仪器设备造价低廉,纯化与病毒灭活同时进行,得到的纯化产品损失少,纯度高,各项理化指标达到国际水平。结论本工艺适用于规模制备纯化血红蛋白,为进一步研制治疗心脑血管缺氧载氧药物创造了有利条件。     

病毒感染与小儿短暂性滑膜炎关系的研究

探讨小儿短暂性滑膜炎与病毒感染 ,特别是柯萨奇B组病毒 (CVB)感染的关系。方法 :采用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)对 16 2例小儿髋关节短暂性滑膜炎患儿静脉血和其中的 2 1例关节腔液进行病毒IgM抗体检测 ,柯萨奇病毒B组 (CVB)阳性者进行血清学分型及病毒分离。结果 :在 16 2例静脉血样本中病毒IgM阳性 6 2例 ,占总检数的 38.2 7% ,CVB -IgM2 6例占 16 .0 5 % ,AdV -IgM 19例占 11.73% ,CMV -IgM 10例占 6 .17% ,RSV -IgM 4例占 2 .4 7% ;在关节腔液中检出 9例CVB阳性 ,血清学分型 8例为CVB3,1例为CVB4 ,并分离出 1例CVB3。结论 :CVB和腺病毒 (AdV)是小儿髋关节短暂性滑膜炎感染的主要病毒 ,而且以CVB3为主。     

病毒性心肌炎心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ检测的临床意义

目的:对病毒性心肌炎患儿血中肌钙蛋白I(cTn I)含量进行检测,探讨与临床的关系。方法:采用放射免疫法对24例病毒性心肌炎患儿血中cTn I进行定量检测,同时检测血清心肌酶谱的改变情况,并就两种指标进行相关性探讨。结果:病毒性心肌炎患儿血中cTn I含量明显增高(4.5±2.2 )vs(2.3±0.3)ng/ml,P<0.01),并与CKMB,LDH_1的含量呈明显的正相关。结论:cTnl I是诊断病毒性心肌炎的敏感指标,可以反映出心肌受损的程度。