Vaccination inhibits the human adenoviral transduction in a mouse keratoconjunctivitis model

Adenovirus infections are a major cause of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), which can lead to corneal subepithelial infiltrates and multifocal corneal opacity. In the current study, we investigated the use of an E1/E3-deleted adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vector as a vaccine administered intramuscularly (IM) or intranasally (IN) against subsequent challenges with a luciferase-expressing Ad5 (Ad5-Luci) vector via eyedrop. We evaluated the adaptive immune response to Ad5 vector vaccination and confirmed a robust polyfunctional CD8 T cell response in splenic cells. Neutralizing Ad5 antibodies were also measured in the sera of vaccinated mice as well as Ad5 antibody in the eye wash solutions. Upon challenge with Ad5-Luci vector 8 weeks post the primary immunization, transduction was significantly reduced by > 70% in the vaccinated mice, which was slightly better in IM- vs. that in IN-vaccinated animals. Resistance to subsequent challenge was observed 10 months post primary IM vaccination, with sustained reduction up to 60% in the Ad5-Luci vector transduction. Passive immunization of naive mice with antisera from IM to vaccinated mice subsequently challenged with the Ad5-Luci vector resulted in approximately 40% loss in transduction efficiency. Furthermore, the mice that received IM immunization with or without CD8 T cell depletion showed > 40% and 70% reductions, respectively, in Ad8 genomic copies after Ad8 topical challenge. We conclude that Ad-vector vaccination successfully induced an adaptive immune response that prevented subsequent Ad transduction in the cornea and conjunctiva-associated tissues in a mouse model of adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis, and that both cellular and humoral immunity play an important role in preventing Ad transduction.     

心导纳微分环,肺导纳微分环最大向量正常值及其临床意义

本文报道３－５０岁２１４例心导纳微分环（ＣＡＤＬ）和肺导纳微分环（ＰＡＤＬ）最大向量振幅及方位正常值，结果随增龄变化振幅递减，方位递增，多数男＞女，部分组间有差异。４８例左向右分流先心病环体最大向量与肺动脉压之间呈平行关系，并探讨其临床意义。     

人TCA-12-2/TCB-7.1真核双表达载体的构建与表达

目的：将T细胞抗原受体基因TCA-12-2和TCB-7.1共同构建在真核表达载体pDC315，用于哺乳动物细胞293转染研究。方法： 将分离得到的淋巴细胞总RNA反转录合成cDNA,以此为模板进行PCR扩增得到TCA-12-2基因；以实验室保存含TCB-7.1基因的质粒为模板，扩增得到TCB-7.1基因。随后酶切，连入载体pIRES2-AcGFP1，通过亚克隆连入载体pDC315，得到重组质粒pDC315-TCA-12-2-TCB-7.1。重组体质粒经酶切鉴定后，并对插入的TCA-12-2和TCB-7.1基因片段进行测序，将鉴定好的阳性重组质粒用脂质体介导转染293细胞，并通过RT-PCR和流式细胞仪检测TCA-12-2和TCB-7.1基因的表达情况。结果： TCA-12-2和TCB-7.1可以同时构建在载体pDC315上，RT-PCR和流式细胞仪检测发现TCA-12-2和TCB-7.1基因可以成功在293细胞上表达。结论：成功构建了含TCA-12-2和TCB-7.1基因的双表达载体。     

HOXB7 siRNA表达载体在裸鼠体内对人恶性黑色素瘤细胞株的影响

目的 探讨转染同源盒第7基因(HOXB7)siRNA质粒表达载体对人恶性黑色素瘤细胞株A375在裸鼠体内生长的影响.方法 裸鼠皮下接种人恶性黑色素瘤A375细胞,对2周后形成的瘤块进行分组干预.随机分为生理盐水对照组、阴性质粒组、HOXB7质粒组,观察转染后各组裸鼠移植瘤的生长情况;免疫组化法比较瘤体内微血管密度(MVD).结果 HOXB7质粒组的裸鼠移植瘤块生长慢、体积明显小于生理盐水对照组[(0.134±0.039)cm3比(1.006±0.235)cm3,P＜0.05],而阴性质粒组瘤块体积大小与生理盐水对照组无统计学差异[(0.929±0.157)cm3比(1.006±0.235)cm3,P＞0.05].HOXB7质粒组裸鼠体内肿瘤MVD低于生理盐水对照组[(2.8±1.9)比(19.9±5.6),P＜0.05],阴性质粒组与生理盐水对照组无统计学差异[(18.1±5.5)比(19.9±5.6),P＞0.05].结论 针对HOXB7 siRNA质粒表达载体可有效抑制A375细胞裸鼠体内肿瘤生长和瘤内血管生成.     

Simulation Studies of Latency Measures of Components of the Event-Related Brain Potential

We compared the accuracy of P300 latency estimates obtained with different procedures under several simulated signal and noise conditions. Both preparatory and signal detection techniques were used. Preparatory techniques included frequency filters and spatial filters (single electrode selection and Vector filter). Signal detection techniques included peak-picking, cross-correlation, and Woody filter. Accuracy in the latency estimation increased exponentially as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio. Both Woody filter and cross-correlation provided better estimates than peak-picking, although this advantage was reduced by frequency filtering. For all signal detection techniques, Vector filter provided better estimates than single electrode selection. Large component overlap impaired the accuracy of the estimates obtained with both single electrode selection and Vector filter, but with Vector filter impairment occurred only when the overlapping component had a scalp distribution that was similar to the scalp distribution of the signal component. The effects of varying noise characteristics, P300 duration and latency, and the parameters of Vector filter were also investigated.     

质粒型单纯疱疹病毒载体的构建及其在真核细胞中的表达

利用基因工程技术构建成功质粒型Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒（ＨＳＶ－１）载体ｐＨＳＶ，其中含有ＨＳＶ－１包装信号序列和ＨＳＶ－１复制起点，以及ＨＳＶ－１ＩＥ６８启动子。为验证其构建是否成功，在其ＩＥ６８启动子下游的多克隆位点上插入了Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＬａｃＺ基因，构建成ｐＨＳＶＬ质粒。用ＨＳＶ－１温度敏感株（ｔｓＫ株）超感染传代细胞后，将这种质粒转染入该细胞，ｐＨＳＶＬ可在辅助病毒ＨＳＶ－１ｔｓＫ（允许温度为３１℃）存在的条件下被包装成病毒颗粒，由此得到的混合病毒含有ＨＳＶ－１ｔｓＫ和ｐＨＳＶＬ假病毒颗粒，收获后再感染培养的Ｖｅｒｏ细胞，原位检测β－半乳糖苷酶活性呈阳性。同时用ｐＨＳＶＬ病毒接种体外培养的ＳＤ大鼠胚胎脊髓运动神经元，用Ｘ－ｇａｌ原位检测β－半乳糖苷酶的活性，亦发现有阳性的神经元存在。说明载体ｐＨＳＶＬ携带的报告基因ｌａｃＺ在这两种真核细胞中均得以正确表达。报告基因可为其它目的基因所代替，可用于神经生理、病理以及神经系统疾病基因治疗的实验研究。     

New vaccine production platforms used in developing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates

The threat of the current coronavirus disease pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is accelerating the development of potential vaccines. Candidate vaccines have been generated using existing technologies that have been applied for developing vaccines against other infectious diseases. Two new types of platforms, mRNA- and viral vector-based vaccines, have been gaining attention owing to the rapid advancement in their methodologies. In clinical trials, setting appropriate immunological endpoints plays a key role in evaluating the efficacy and safety of candidate vaccines. Updated information about immunological features from individuals who have or have not been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 continues to guide effective vaccine development strategies. This review highlights key strategies for generating candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and considerations for vaccine development and clinical trials.     

Reactivity of human sera in a sensitive, high-throughput pseudovirus-based papillomavirus neutralization assay for HPV16 and HPV18

Sensitive high-throughput neutralization assays, based upon pseudoviruses carrying a secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter gene, were developed and validated for human papillomavirus (HPV)16, HPV18, and bovine papillomavirus 1 (BPV1). SEAP pseudoviruses were produced by transient transfection of codon-modified papillomavirus structural genes into an SV40 T antigen expressing line derived from 293 cells, yielding sufficient pseudovirus from one flask for thousands of titrations. In a 96-well plate format, in this initial characterization, the assay was reproducible and appears to be as sensitive as, but more specific than, a standard papillomavirus-like particle (VLP)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The neutralization assay detected type-specific HPV16 or HPV18 neutralizing antibodies (titers of 160-10240) in sera of the majority of a group of women infected with the corresponding HPV type, but not in virgin women. Sera from HPV16 VLP vaccinees had high anti-HPV16 neutralizing titers (mean: 45000; range: 5120-163840), but no anti-HPV18 neutralizing activity. The SEAP pseudovirus-based neutralization assay should be a practical method for quantifying potentially protective antibody responses in HPV natural history and prophylactic vaccine studies.     

云南省盈江县蚊虫调查及乙型脑炎病毒分离

1984年及1989年7～8月,在盈江县捕获成年雌性蚊虫7属32种632O只,霜背库蚊、三带喙库蚊和棕头库蚊是农村畜圈的主要蚊种,伪白纹伊蚊和白纹伊蚊是野外竹林区的优势蚊种。对所获蚊虫用C6/36细胞和小白鼠方法分离病毒,从三带喙库蚊和窄翅伊蚊中各分离到1株乙型脑炎病毒。分析认为三带喙库蚊是当地乙型脑淡病毒的主要传播媒介,窄翅伊蚊亦可参与该病毒的传播。     

自杀基因质粒表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)CMV.TK在鼻咽癌细胞中的构建及转染研究

目的 构建含TK自杀基因的质粒表达载体并进行转染研究。方法 根据已发表的Hsv-TK基因的核苷酸序列，设计并合成一对引物，以含TK基因的PGEM/TK质粒为模板扩增出TK基因全长CDS序列，将其克隆到质粒表达载体pcDNA3．1(-)CMV中，进行序列分析和酶切鉴定后，运用电穿孔法将重组体pCDNA3．1(-)CMV-CD车专人鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞中，观察其表达情况以及无毒前体药物GCV干预下对CNE-2细胞生长的抑制作用。结果 酶切和序列分析证明pcDNA3．1(-)(2MV．TK含完整的TK基因序列，RT-PCR从转染细胞总RNA中扩出预期片段；鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞在无毒前体药物GCV干预下，其生长受到抑制。结论 成功构建了质粒载体pcDNA3．1(-)CMVTK，可以将其作为鼻咽癌自杀基因治疗的一种载体。