全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3075篇 |
免费 | 105篇 |
国内免费 | 53篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 73篇 |
妇产科学 | 36篇 |
基础医学 | 193篇 |
口腔科学 | 8篇 |
临床医学 | 395篇 |
内科学 | 351篇 |
皮肤病学 | 15篇 |
神经病学 | 44篇 |
特种医学 | 69篇 |
外科学 | 362篇 |
综合类 | 517篇 |
预防医学 | 595篇 |
眼科学 | 2篇 |
药学 | 420篇 |
3篇 | |
中国医学 | 104篇 |
肿瘤学 | 46篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 20篇 |
2022年 | 60篇 |
2021年 | 83篇 |
2020年 | 69篇 |
2019年 | 55篇 |
2018年 | 51篇 |
2017年 | 47篇 |
2016年 | 62篇 |
2015年 | 82篇 |
2014年 | 198篇 |
2013年 | 166篇 |
2012年 | 208篇 |
2011年 | 240篇 |
2010年 | 190篇 |
2009年 | 153篇 |
2008年 | 162篇 |
2007年 | 177篇 |
2006年 | 107篇 |
2005年 | 116篇 |
2004年 | 99篇 |
2003年 | 81篇 |
2002年 | 68篇 |
2001年 | 58篇 |
2000年 | 51篇 |
1999年 | 57篇 |
1998年 | 49篇 |
1997年 | 42篇 |
1996年 | 30篇 |
1995年 | 32篇 |
1994年 | 37篇 |
1993年 | 34篇 |
1992年 | 26篇 |
1991年 | 27篇 |
1990年 | 32篇 |
1989年 | 21篇 |
1988年 | 28篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 33篇 |
1984年 | 28篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 18篇 |
1979年 | 16篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有3233条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
《Nefrología : publicación oficial de la Sociedad Espa?ola Nefrologia》2021,41(5):548-555
BackgroundUbiquitin-52 amino acid fusion protein (UbA52) is an important factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and has been suggested a potential marker in the disease. However, whether upregulation of UbA52 marks early kidney injury in T2DM mellitus (T2DM) patients remains unclear. In this study, we examine the diagnostic value of UbA52 as a biomarker in predicting early diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in T2DM patients.MethodsWe used two-step ELISA to test UbA52 level in urine of 3 defined patient groups. Samples from T2DM patients without albuminuria or diabetic retinopathy (DM-WNP; n = 30), T2DM patients with albuminuria and diabetic retinopathy, excluding other renal diseases clinically (DM-NP; n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 30) were analyzed. Spearman's correlation analysis and multiple linear regression model were used to analyze the correlation of urinary UbA52 level with laboratory results regarding kidney function. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of UbA52 in predicting T2DM and early DKD.ResultsUrinary UbA52 level in DM-NP group was 1.75 times and 2.71 times higher than in DN-WNP (p = 0.004) and normal control group (p < 0.001), respectively. The level of urinary UbA52 correlated significantly with serum creatinine (r = 0.468, p < 0.001), GFR (r = −0.300, p = 0.004) and proteinuria (r = 0.484, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that proteinuria level was independently associated with urinary UbA52 level (β = 0.833, p < 0.001). The area under the ROC of urinary UbA52 in diagnosing T2DM and DKD was 0.751 and 0.755, respectively.ConclusionThe level of urinary UbA52 increased significantly in T2DM patients with DKD. The level of proteinuria is independently associated with urinary UbA52 level. Urinary UbA52 could serve as an early marker in the diagnosis of DKD.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02204280. 相似文献
3.
4.
背景 随着血糖监测技术的发展,近些年来人们开始使用扫描式葡萄糖监测系统(FGMS)"全景式"地观察2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的血糖水平,明确FGMS指标与T2DM并发症之间的关系有助于提高其临床应用价值,但目前相关研究较少。 目的 探究佩戴FGMS的T2DM患者葡萄糖在目标范围内时间(TIR)等指标与尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)的相关性。 方法 选取2019年1月至2021年10月于北京大学人民医院老年科就诊并佩戴FGMS的T2DM患者79例,以尿液检查中UACR是否<30 mg/g将患者分为无白蛋白尿组(n=50)和白蛋白尿组(n=29)。比较两组患者的临床特征、实验室检查指标及FGMS指标等。采用Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关分析探讨TIR、高血糖时间(TAR)与糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的相关性。分别采用Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关、偏相关分析探讨FGMS指标与lnUACR的相关性。使用多因素Logistic回归分析探究T2DM患者发生白蛋白尿的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估TIR对白蛋白尿的预测价值。 结果 白蛋白尿组T2DM病程长于无白蛋白尿组,三酰甘油(TG)、HbA1c、平均血糖(MBG)、TAR、平均血糖标准差(SDBG)、最大葡萄糖波动幅度(LAGE)、平均葡萄糖波动幅度(MAGE)、连续每隔2 h血糖净作用(CONGA2)高于无白蛋白尿组,TIR低于无白蛋白尿组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,TIR与HbA1c呈负相关(P<0.001),TAR与HbA1c呈正相关(P<0.001)。Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关、偏相关分析结果均表明,TIR与lnUACR呈负相关(P<0.001),MBG、TAR、SDBG、LAGE、MAGE、CONGA2与lnUACR呈正相关(P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,TIR>70%〔OR=0.038,95%CI(0.003,0.467)〕是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的保护因素(P<0.05),TAR升高〔OR=1.046,95%CI(1.000,1.094)〕是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的危险因素(P<0.05)。TIR预测T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.784〔95%CI(0.674,0.894)〕(P=0.003),灵敏度为78%,特异度为83%,最佳切点为69.71%。 结论 在FGMS指标中,TIR>70%是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的保护因素,TAR升高是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的危险因素。同时,SDBG、LAGE、MAGE、CONGA2等多种反映血糖波动的指标也与UACR密切相关。对TIR水平较低及TAR、SDBG、LAGE、MAGE、CONGA2水平较高的T2DM患者进行FGMS筛查有助于早期识别及预防白蛋白尿的发生、发展。 相似文献
5.
Alison Connolly Kate Jones Ioannis Basinas Karen S. Galea Laura Kenny Padraic McGowan Marie A. Coggins 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2019,222(2):205-210
Background
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has recently classified glyphosate as a Group 2A ‘probably carcinogenic to humans’. Due to this carcinogenic classification and resulting international debate, there is an increased demand for studies evaluating human health effects from glyphosate exposures. There is currently limited information on human exposures to glyphosate and a paucity of data regarding glyphosate's biological half-life in humans.Objective
This study aims to estimate the human half-life of glyphosate from human urine samples collected from amenity horticulture workers using glyphosate based pesticide products.Methods
Full void urine spot samples were collected over a period of approximately 24?h for eight work tasks involving seven workers. The elimination time and estimation of the half-life of glyphosate using three different measurement metrics: the unadjusted glyphosate concentrations, creatinine corrected concentrations and by using Urinary Excretion Rates (UER) (μg L?1, μmol/mol creatinine and UER μg L?1) was calculated by summary and linear interpolation using regression analysis.Results
This study estimates the human biological half-life of glyphosate as approximately 5 ½, 10 and 7 ¼ hours for unadjusted samples, creatinine corrected concentrations and by using UER (μg L?1, μmol/mol creatinine, UER μg L?1), respectively. The approximated glyphosate half-life calculations seem to have less variability when using the UER compared to the other measuring metrics.Conclusion
This study provides new information on the elimination rate of glyphosate and an approximate biological half-life range for humans. This information can help optimise the design of sampling strategies, as well as assisting in the interpretation of results for human biomonitoring studies involving this active ingredient. The data could also contribute to the development or refinement of Physiologically Based PharmacoKinetic (PBPK) models for glyphosate. 相似文献6.
7.
目的:分析尿常规与尿沉渣在尿液检验结果中的差异。方法:选取852例行尿液检验患者,采集其尿液样本作为研究对象,先行尿常规检验,再行尿沉渣检验,比较两种尿液检验方式对尿蛋白、白细胞及红细胞阳性、阴性检查结果,比较两种方法的检测结果及对尿蛋白、白细胞、红细胞检查的符合率。结果:两种检验方式的尿蛋白、白细胞、红细胞阴性率及阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);且两种检验方式尿蛋白符合率为97.42%(830/852),白细胞符合率为95.42%(813/852),红细胞符合率为96.60%(823/852)。结论:尿常规、尿沉渣在尿液检验中均具有较高准确率,且两种检验方式对尿液不同指标的检查结果均有较高符合率,临床尿液检验中可选择联合检查,以提高尿液检验准确率。 相似文献
8.
目的探究清热补肾排石方对上尿路结石患者经皮肾镜碎石术(PCNL)术后残石排出及尿液成分的影响。方法选取2017年10月至2019年4月在衢州市人民医院诊治的上尿路结石患者83例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组(n=42)和对照组(n=41)。对照组患者采用PCNL进行治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上采用清热补肾排石方进行治疗,比较两组患者的临床总有效率、中医症候积分、结石排净时间、住院时间,24h尿枸橼酸,以及尿草酸、尿钙水平。结果观察组患者的临床总有效率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者的中医症候积分明显低于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组患者的中医症候积分明显低于对照组(P<0.05),差异均具有统计学意义;观察组患者的结石排净时间、住院时间明显少于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者的24h尿枸橼酸水平明显高于治疗前,尿草酸、尿钙水平明显低于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组患者的24h尿枸橼酸水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义,但两组患者治疗后的尿草酸、尿钙水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论清热补肾排石方对上尿路结石患者具有显著的临床疗效,能有效促进残石排出,改善尿液成分。 相似文献
9.
目的探讨经皮肾镜碎石术后,肾盂尿培养联合血清和肽素及IL-6水平对尿路感染的诊断价值。方法选取2015年6月-2018年6月于遵义医科大学附属医院行经皮肾镜碎石术的住院患者201例,根据术后尿路感染情况分为感染组32例及非感染组169例。术前中段尿、术中肾盂尿进行细菌培养,术后第1天采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清和肽素及白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)水平,比较上述指标单独及联合对术后尿路感染的诊断价值。结果感染组与非感染组术前中段尿细菌培养阳性率分别为15.63%和14.79%,差异无统计学意义(χ^2=1.218,P=0.270);感染组肾盂细菌培养阳性率为81.25%,高于非感染组的3.55%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=121.349,P<0.001)。感染组和肽素及IL-6水平高于非感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。肾盂尿培养、血清和肽素及IL-6联合诊断PCNL术后尿路感染敏感性为90.65%,特异性为86.44%,AUC为0.873±0.039,高于肾盂尿培养、和肽素、IL-6单独诊断水平(P<0.05)。结论术中肾盂尿培养较术前中段尿培养价值高,且血清和肽素、IL-6及肾盂尿培养联合诊断可提高诊断准确率。 相似文献
10.
《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2020,23(6):536-540
ObjectivesMuscle damage symptoms induced by unaccustomed eccentric contraction exercise can be reduced by repeating the experience several times. This phenomenon is termed the repeated bout effect. Although traditional biochemical markers require invasive blood sampling, biochemical measurements have recently been developed that can be non-invasively performed using urinary titin N-terminal fragment (UTF). However, it is unclear whether UTF can reflect the repeated bout effect. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to clarify whether UTF decreased with the repeated bout effect.DesignThis study compared changes in muscle damage markers between bouts of exercise performed for the first and second time.MethodsEight young men performed 30 eccentric exercises of the elbow flexor on the first day of the first week (Bout 1). A second bout of eccentric exercises, same as the first, was performed 2 weeks later, (Bout 2). The dependent variables were muscle soreness (SOR), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), range of motion (ROM), creatine kinase (CK), and UTF. All dependent variables were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance.ResultsNo significant difference was observed in workload or peak torque between the first and second exercise bouts. SOR as well as CK and UTF were significantly lower and ROM and MVIC were significantly higher in Bout 2 in comparison to Bout 1.ConclusionsThese results suggest that UTF sensitively reflects the repeated bout effect and exercise-induced muscle damage can be non-invasively measured. 相似文献