The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hepatitis B virus vaccination and transmission among men who have sex with men: A mathematical modelling study

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccinations among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been considerably lower than before the pandemic. Moreover, less frequent HBV testing and a reduction in numbers of sex partners have been reported. We assessed the impact of these COVID-19-related changes on HBV transmission among MSM in the Netherlands.MethodsWe estimated the changes in sexual activity, HBV testing, and HBV vaccination among MSM during the pandemic from Dutch data. We used a deterministic compartmental model and investigated scenarios with small or large declines in sexual activity, testing, and vaccination for the current phase of the pandemic (without available data). We examined the increase in HBV vaccinations needed to prevent further increase in HBV incidence.ResultsWith a decrease in numbers of sex partners of 15–25% during the first lockdown and 5% during the second lockdown, we found a decline of 6.6% in HBV incidence in 2020, despite a >70% reduction in HBV testing and vaccination during the first lockdown. With numbers of sex partners rebounding close to pre-pandemic level in 2021, and a reduction of 15% in testing and 30% in vaccination in 2021, we found an increase of 1.4% in incidence in 2021 and 3.1% in 2026. With these changes, an increase of ≥60% in HBV vaccinations in 2022 would be needed to bring the HBV incidence in 2023 back to the level that it would have had if the COVID-19-related changes had not occurred.ConclusionsDespite reductions in sexual activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, the decrease in HBV vaccinations may result in a small increase in HBV incidence after 2021, which may persist for years. It is important to restore the vaccination level and limit further increase in HBV transmission among MSM.     

针刺配合肠炎散保留灌肠治疗肛窦炎临床研究

目的观察肛窦炎应用针刺配合肠炎散保留灌肠治疗的效果。方法选取2017年10月-2018年10月就诊的72例肛窦炎患者,采用随机数字表法分为观察组(n=36)与对照组(n=36)。对照组给予肠炎散保留灌肠治疗,观察组为针刺配合肠炎散保留灌肠治疗,比较2组症状、疗效及安全性。结果观察组症状(放射痛、指诊症状及镜检症状)少于对照组,总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组安全性相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论针对肛窦炎患者,予以针刺配合肠炎散保留灌肠治疗效果确切,可减少临床症状,加快疾病转归,且治疗安全性较好。     

腹腔镜下直肠癌保肛术治疗直肠癌的效果观察

目的探讨腹腔镜下直肠癌保肛术治疗直肠癌的效果。方法选定2018年9月-2019年4月本院收诊的94例直肠癌患者,等距抽样法分为对照组(47例,套入式吻合保肛术)与观察组(47例,腹腔镜下直肠癌保肛术)2组,比较2组排气时间、术中出血量、手术时间、并发症发生率指标。结果观察组排气时间、术中出血量、手术时间、并发症发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜下直肠癌保肛术可提高直肠癌患者预后质量与治疗效果。     

Do medications affect outcomes in pelvic pouch construction?

Ileal pouch anal anastomosis is the preferred operation for restoration of intestinal continuity in patients with ulcerative colitis due to favorable functional outcomes and quality of life. However, up to 30% can develop postoperative complications, of which pelvic sepsis is the most dreaded due to impaired pouch function and increased rates of pouch failure. Several modifiable risk factors are associated with postoperative pelvic sepsis including obesity, poor nutritional status, anemia, and immunosuppressive therapy. While the evidence regarding the effect of immunosuppressive therapy on adverse postoperative outcomes is controversial, there is mounting data to suggest the operation performed at the time of immunosuppression exposure is critical for subsequent pouch outcomes. This has resulted in an increased number of pouches being performed as a modified 2-stage or 3-stage approach, a conservative yet safe approach to avoid potential deleterious effects of immunosuppression at the critical step of pouch formation.