中文科技期刊术语规范化现状:调查与分析

【目的】 对术语使用情况进行调研,找出术语使用不规范的问题,为提升我国科技期刊术语规范化水平、推进科技期刊高质量发展提供依据。【方法】 采用回顾性调查方法,选择18种科技期刊2020年全年刊出的所有文章,调查其中术语使用差错情况。【结果】 术语相关差错主要涉及术语使用规范问题、术语编校规范问题及专有名词术语规范问题,具体差错类型比较多样化,不利于期刊质量及影响力的提升,应引起论文作者及期刊工作者的高度重视。术语相关差错中,术语使用规范问题最为突出;术语使用规范问题的各种类型中,术语形音义相近而误的现象最为突出。【结论】 我国科技期刊术语规范化水平有待提升,需要引起重视。     

黄芪药材性状和化学特征与绝对生长年限的相关性分析研究

目的通过分析黄芪AstragaliRadix药材的性状以及黄酮类化学成分与绝对生长年限的相关性,明确黄芪根的生长年限是引起黄芪药材性状和化学差异性的主要因素。方法收集不同产地、不同等级的黄芪药材,对其外观形态定性描述,长度、直径定量测定,并采用徒手切片法观察不同等级仿野生芪的生长年限分布,观察其分布规律。采用UPLC-UV法,色谱柱为Ultimate C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温30℃,体积流量为1 mL/min,检测波长230 nm,进样量20μL,乙腈-水梯度洗脱,建立了24批不同产地黄芪药材黄酮类成分HPLC-UV指纹图谱,并对不同等级仿野生芪和栽培芪5种黄酮类成分进行含量测定。结果将不同生长方式的黄芪药材划分为仿野生芪和栽培芪2个规格。特等黄芪主要是5年以上生长年限的根段,一等主要是4～5年生的根段,二等主要是3～4年生的根段,三等主要是2～3年生的根段,四等主要是1～2年生的根段。不同产地、不同等级黄芪指纹图谱中指认出5个共有峰,采用相似度评价软件分析,以仿野生芪图谱为参照,仿野生芪样品相似度为0.892～0.994,栽培芪样品相似度为0.274～0.531,主成分分析和聚类分析均显示仿野生芪和栽培芪可以明显分成2类。仿野生芪5种黄酮类成分含量明显高于栽培芪,仿野生芪(除特等外)总黄酮含量与等级(或直径、年限)呈正相关,栽培芪与等级不相关。结论本研究为黄芪药材商品规格等级标准的制定提供科学依据,为进一步构建黄芪药材质量等级标准奠定基础。     

《中国科技期刊研究》创刊30年文献统计分析

【目的】 探讨《中国科技期刊研究》(Chinese Journal of Scientific and Technical Periodicals,CJSTP)创刊30年来发表论文的文献计量学特征。【方法】 基于CNKI数据库检索CJSTP发表的全部论文,对简讯、更正等非论文条目进行手工清洗,导出每篇论文标题、作者(手工添加通信作者)、机构、基金项目、出版年、被引频次和下载量,对其进行统计分析。采用VOSviewer软件进行作者合作和关键词共现分析,采用CiteSpace软件进行突现词探测。【结果】 30年间CJSTP共发表学术论文6240篇,总被引频次为44627次,篇均被引频次为7.2次,总下载量为845562次,篇均下载量为135.5次,基金项目资助论文共1437篇,基金论文比为23.0%,年度发文量呈现近似M型分布,形成相对稳定的高影响力作者、团队和机构,研究主题的变化体现出从微观到宏观、从定性的思辨式研究到定量的实证研究的演进特征。【结论】 30年来,CJSTP的科学性、实用性不断增强,学术质量和影响力持续提升,为我国科技期刊人才队伍建设作出了重要贡献,为培育世界一流科技期刊提供了必要的人才保障。     

How to stich? 90 degrees: The perfect angle

ObjectiveThis is a discussion about correct suturing techniques and implications that follow inappropriate suturing. We deconstruct the suturing needle angles and methods to be adopted to acquire the perfect needle angle to the tissue being sutured. A study of angles confirms that 90° is perceptible to the naked eye and easy to identify, making it an appropriate foundation to explain, communicate and teach the concepts in the wet-lab and the operating room.BackgroundThere is a lack of robust teaching regarding entry of the needle orthogonal to the tissue planes. In addition, objective methods of assessing angles of the needle relative to the tissue and consequences of inaccuracy are lacking. The authors aim to deconstruct the steps of suturing with the aim of demonstrating ninety degrees is the perfect suturing angle.Study designWe conducted a study to identify 90° (the perfect suturing angle) as an angle easy to identify with the naked eye. Angles from 86° to 94° and 41° to 49° were printed and presented to volunteers with the instruction to identify the angles of 90° and 45°.ResultsFifty-one volunteers replied to the 90° angle study and sixty-five volunteers replied to the 45° study. 92% correctly identified at least one 90° angle and 72% identified both the 90° angles. 63% identified at least one 45° angle and only 27% identified both the 45° angles presented to them. This supported our hypothesis that 90° is an angle that is readily identifiable to the human eye.ConclusionsObjective assessment of surgical skills and training should focus on the basic needle skills with particular emphasis on suturing angles, progressing to higher skills using low and intermediate fidelity models and correlating practice alongside the trainees' operative progress.     

Multicentric Analytical and Inter-observer Comparability of Four Clinically Developed Programmed Death-ligand 1 Immunohistochemistry Assays in Advanced Clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested increased clinical benefit with inhibition of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed death-1 in patients with PD-L1–positive locally advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We examined the analytical and inter-observer comparability of PD-L1–positivity across 4 clinically developed immunohistochemistry assays in clear-cell RCC (CCRCC).Materials and MethodsRandomly selected archived, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded nephrectomy specimens from 201 patients with locally advanced CCRCC were screened using VENTANA SP142. From these, 30 cases were selected based on their tumor-infiltrating immune cell (IC) PD-L1 status (PD-L1-IC–positivity of < 1%, 1%-5%, or > 5%; 10 cases each). These cases were stained for PD-L1 using VENTANA SP142 and SP263, and DAKO 22C3 and 28-8, and scored for PD-L1 expression on IC and tumor cells (TC) by trained readers at 5 sites.ResultsAdjusted mean percentages of PD-L1-IC–positivity and PD-L1-TC–positivity varied from 4.0% to 4.9% and from 1.3% to 10.7%, respectively, between assays. Inter-assay differences in PD-L1-IC–positivity were small and non-significant (P = .1938 to .9963); for PD-L1-TC–positivity, significant differences were observed between VENTANA SP142 and the other assays (P ≤ .0001) and between VENTANA SP263 and DAKO 28-8 (P = .0248). Intra-class correlation values showed moderate-to-high inter-reader agreement for each assay for PD-L1-IC–positivity and for 3 assays for PD-L1-TC–positivity.ConclusionsIn this first multicenter analytical comparison study of PD-L1 assays in CCRCC, PD-L1–positivity could be assessed reproducibly using all 4 assays for IC and for 3 of the 4 assays for TC.     

不同规格怀牛膝不同极性部位HPLC指纹图谱

目的研究并比较不同规格怀牛膝不同极性部位的HPLC指纹图谱,探索其内部质量差异,为该药材的规格标准完善及临床用药提供参考。方法将怀牛膝用体积分数75%乙醇水浴回流提取,得体积分数75%乙醇回流提取物,用40 mL水溶解后,依次用石油醚、三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇进行萃取,得到各萃取相及萃取后的水相,浓缩至浸膏,采集各部位HPLC指纹图谱;运用相似度、综合聚类法进行数据分析,同时对其不同部位的指纹图谱进行比对分析。结果石油醚、氯仿部位均标定了11个共有峰,乙酸乙酯部位标定了10个共有峰,正丁醇部位标定了19个共有峰,水部位标定8个共有峰;氯仿部位指纹图谱相似度差异较大,其他部位指纹图谱相似度差异较小,均在0.9以上;石油醚部位指纹图谱差异主要体现在峰高,乙酸乙酯部位、氯仿部位、水部位的化学成分种类及峰高均存在差异;综合聚类分析能将不同规格怀牛膝区分开。结论不同规格怀牛膝内部质量存在差异;实验中所建立的HPLC指纹图谱可以全面反映不同规格怀牛膝的化学成分分布,为不同规格怀牛膝的整体质量评价提供参考。     

国内外公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生学评价规范与清洗消毒规范对比分析

集中空调通风系统可以改善室内小气候,同时也是室内空气污染物重要来源。我国发布《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生学评价规范》(WS/T395-2012)和《公共场所集中空调通风系统清洗消毒规范》(WS/T396-2012)至今已有8年历史,在科学性、适应性上是否满足当前需要,需要对其进行较为全面的评估。通过对我国现行规范与发达国家规范进行分析对比,为我国现行规范的修订和补充提供依据及合理化建议。本研究提出对室外新风口距污染源分离距离应作出规定;增加盘管表面冷凝水细菌总<1000 CFU/ml卫生学指标;加湿器加湿水应达到饮用水标准;改进风管积尘的采样方法;给出冷凝水中军团菌和菌落总数限值4条建议。     

中成药欧盟注册分析

自2004年起，欧盟和美国分别发布了《传统植物药注册程序指令》和《植物药产品指南》，掀起了中药的新篇章，西方发达国家第一次在法律层面上认可中药作为药品的地位，现通过对欧盟植物药注册法规法律的探讨以及注册成功案例的分析，为我国中成药国际化注册提供一定参考。