Analysis of jump load during a volleyball season in terms of player role

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyze the jump load performed by top-level volleyball players during an entire training season in terms of the player role, training period, type of daily training, and quality of opposition in the subsequent match.DesignLongitudinal panel observational study.MethodsThe total number of jumps performed by players was recorded through 174 training days distributed in 32 weeks during the 2016/2017 season (pre-season, 5 weeks; in-season, 27 weeks). The players role were classified as middle-blocker, outside-hitter, opposite and setter (the libero was omitted). A generalized mixed linear model was performed (with Bonferroni post hoc test at p < 0.05) to assess the effect of training variables and the repeated-measures data of players’ jumps along various training days. Additionally, the effect sizes at 95% confidence intervals were calculated to compare the jump load between players’ role and training variables.ResultsThe results showed a significant and moderate higher amount of jumps performed by middle-blockers regardless the type of macro- or micro-cycle, the micro-cycle phase, the type of training and the quality of match opposition. Contrarily, the setter performs the least jump load in all variables analyzed. Only the players’ role, macro-cycle and micro-cycle phase had significant effects on the player's jump load variation along the season.ConclusionsThis information could be useful to guide the monitoring and preparation process for coaches and physical trainers. These values allow differentiating between players’ role and could be used as references values in order to avoid injuries whereas performance increase along the season.     

Leading together towards a stronger ‘us’: An experimental test of the effectiveness of the 5R Shared Leadership Program (5RS) in basketball teams

ObjectivesLeadership has been suggested to be a key factor in gaining a competitive advantage as a team, with shared leadership being a better predictor of team functioning than vertical leadership. Although the benefits of shared leadership are well-documented, evidence about how to implement a shared leadership structure remains sparse. This leaves coaches with three key challenges: (1) identifying the best leaders; (2) defining what roles those leaders should fulfill; and (3) developing their leadership skills. Solutions to these challenges have been proposed in the 5R Shared Leadership Program (5R^S) — a leadership development program that seeks to implement an effective structure of shared leadership within sports teams.DesignTo test the effectiveness of 5R^S program, we conducted an experimental-comparison group intervention in which eight national-level basketball teams (N = 96) completed a questionnaire at two points in time (i.e., pre- and posttest). The teams in the intervention condition completed the 5R^S program, in which we identified the leadership structure in their teams (through Shared Leadership Mapping), appointed the best leaders in their leadership role, and then developed their identity leadership skills.ResultsThe results revealed that the 5R^S program was successful in strengthening athlete leaders’ identity leadership skills, and as a result also team members’ identification with their team. Furthermore, in contrast to athletes in the comparison condition, athletes in the 5R^S condition were able to maintain their levels of intrinsic motivation and commitment to team goals, while also reporting improved well-being.ConclusionsThe present study provides encouraging evidence that, by implementing a structure of shared leadership and by promoting athlete leaders’ identity leadership skills, the 5R^S program is able to improve the team’s functioning and the well-being of its members.     

21世纪加强医学生人文素质培养的思考

医学科学从来就是科学知识与人文精神密切结合的一门学科。现代科学技术越来越多地应用于医学研究和医学实践,大大地促进了医学科学的发展,然而也呼唤着更多的医学人文精神的关怀。如何把医学科学知识与医学人文精神有机地结合起来,是我国医学院校教育的重要课题。     

中药结合心理干预治疗不安障碍40例

[目的]探索不安障碍治疗的有效途径。[方法]采用中药结合心理干预治疗不安障碍患者40例。[结果]显效31例(77·5%)、有效7例(17·5%)无效2例(5·0%)。SDS、CMI有显著性差异。[结论]中药结合心理干预治疗不安障碍疗效显著。     

影响现代大学制度综合因素分析和改革探索

从影响现代大学制度的综合因素分析出发,提出建立现代大学制度的核心是要落实大学自治、学术自由和教授治校.此外建立现代大学制度还要树立正确的人才观、发展观、质量观、模式观,培育具有鲜明特色大学精神和大学文化.     

论护士长的管理技巧对团队凝聚力的影响

阐述护士长的自身素质和管理技巧对团队凝聚力的影响及护士长应具备的管理技巧,认为提高护士长的自身素质和管理技巧是充分调动护理人员工作积极性从而提高护理质量的必要条件。     

大学语文中的人文精神教育探索

根据国家教委高教司对大学语文的定位，针对语文课程的性质、功能和大学生的实际状况，提出大学语文教学目标是培养、提高学生的人文精神、人文素养，传承中华民族优秀文化，并在教学实践中从文学的审美欣赏、情感教育，人格感染三个方面进行了一定的探索。     

"Chronic painter''s syndrome". A reanalysis of psychological test data in a group of diagnosed cases, based on comparisons with matched controls

Twenty solvent-exposed workers, most of them painters, had been diagnosed as cases of toxic encephalopathy in 1978/79. Two years later they were re-examined with an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests. Their performance was unchanged on retesting. We have now compared their test results with those of non-exposed control subjects. Previous impressions of significant intellectual impairment in the solvent-exposed patients could not be confirmed when the influence of age, education, and intelligence was taken into consideration. The present group with presumed toxic encephalopathy is assumed to be representative of other patients who were similarly diagnosed in our department. The presently reanalyzed cases had been diagnosed as brain damaged and reported as such in the literature. Thus, they may have contributed to the formation of the concept of the "chronic painters' syndrome" with dementia.     

家庭医生签约服务模式下全科团队年度考核指标体系构建

目的建立一套家庭医生签约服务模式下的全科团队年度考核指标体系。方法通过文献回顾法和半结构访谈法初步拟定指标初稿;邀请15名专家开展专家函询,评价全科团队年度考核指标体系重要性和可行性,并采用界值法对指标进行筛选,采用层次分析法确定各级指标权重。结果两轮函询专家积极系数均为100%,权威系数分别为0.83和0.75。最终确定家庭医生签约服务模式下全科团队年度考核指标体系包括服务数量、服务质量和服务效果3个维度共19项指标。结论 构建的家庭医生签约服务模式下的全科团队年度考核指标体系具有一定科学性和实用性,下一步有待结合实证结果对指标体系进行优化。