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1.
In this paper, we argue that understanding and addressing the problem of poor-quality medical products requires a more interdisciplinary approach than has been evident to date. While prospective studies based on rigorous standardized methodologies are the gold standard for measuring the prevalence of poor-quality medical products and understanding their distribution nationally and internationally, they should be complemented by social science research to unpack the complex set of social, economic, and governance factors that underlie these patterns. In the following sections, we discuss specific examples of prospective quality surveys and of social science studies, highlighting the value of cross-sector partnerships in driving high-quality, policy-relevant research in this area.  相似文献   
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目的构建“党员—党支部书记—党支部工作”为一体的基层党建考核体系,推动公立医院基层党建质量持续提升。方法党员实施“100分+20分”积分量化考核,党支部书记实施“1+1”述职评议考核,党支部工作实施“532”量化考核,注重三者考核结果运用的深度融合。结果2020年党员积分量化考核中,总分100分以上者占比由2019年54.65%提高至58.31%,党员参与医院发展和干事创业的积极性、主动性不断增强;2020年党支部书记考核成绩由2019年99.07分提高至99.30分,对党支部书记更加满意和信任;2020年党支部工作考核成绩由2019年89.53分提高至94.22分(P<0.001),基层党建工作质量明显提升。结论常态化考核促进了基层党建工作更加科学规范,党建与业务工作更加相融相促,推动公立医院高质量发展。  相似文献   
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The Extracellular Vesicle Flow Cytometry Working Group ( http://www.evflowcytometry.org ) is formed by members of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), the International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC), and the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH). This working group of flow cytometry experts develops guidelines for best practices regarding flow cytometry detection of extracellular vesicles. To improve rigor and standardization, this working group published a framework outlining the minimal information to report about a flow cytometry experiment on extracellular vesicles (MIFlowCyt-EV) in the Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, the ISEV journal, in 2020. In parallel, an article explaining MIFlowCyt-EV was published in Cytometry Part A, one of the ISAC journals, and now will be introduced to the ISTH as an SSC Communication in the Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. The goal of this SSC Communication is to explain why flow cytometry is becoming the instrument of choice to characterize single extracellular vesicles, the obstacles that have been identified and (mostly) overcome by developing procedures to calibrate flow cytometers, and the relevance of reporting minimal information to improve reliability and reproducibility of experiments in which flow cytometers are used for characterization of extracellular vesicles.  相似文献   
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ObjectivesPreclinical and clinical studies indicate a role for MLC901 (NeuroAiD II) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The primary aim was to investigate its safety as add-on therapy to standard treatment and the secondary aims its effect on cognition and slowing disease progression.DesignRandomized double-blind placebo-controlled delayed-start study.Setting and ParticipantPatients with mild to moderate probable AD by NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, stable on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors or memantine (n = 125), were randomized to receive MLC901 (early starters) or placebo (delayed starters) for 6 months, followed by a further 6 months when all patients received MLC901, in a delayed-start design (clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03038035).MethodsThe primary outcome measure was occurrence of serious adverse events (SAEs) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) and other assessment scales.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the risk of SAEs between early and delayed starters at month (M) 6 (22.6% vs 27.0%, risk difference ?4.4%, 90% CI –16.9% to 8.3%). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the risk of adverse events and the occurrence of stroke or vascular events between early and delayed starters throughout the 12-month study period. Early starters did not differ significantly on ADAS-Cog from delayed starters at M6 [mean difference (MD) ?1.0, 95% CI –3.3 to 1.3] and M12 (MD –2.35, 95% CI –5.45 to 0.74) on intention-to-treat analysis. Other cognitive assessment scales did not show significant differences.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis study of 125 persons with dementia found no evidence of a significant increase in adverse events between MLC901 and placebo, thus providing support for further studies on both efficacy and safety. Analyses suggest the potential of MLC901 in slowing down AD progression, but this requires further confirmation in larger and longer studies using biomarkers for AD.  相似文献   
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目的 分析低价值护理的定义和内涵,为识别和去除低价值护理提供理论基础。方法 系统检索PubMed、ProQuest、CINAHL、中国知网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、维普数据库、万方数据知识服务平台中低价值护理的相关文献,最终纳入文献35篇。采用Walker和Avant概念分析法进行概念分析,从低价值护理的定义属性、前置因素、后置影响等方面进行分析和整合。 结果 低价值护理包括证据证明无效、弊大于利、不具成本效益、不符合患者的价值观和偏好4个定义属性,其前置因素包含知识信念因素、治疗关系因素和资源经济因素。低价值护理会影响患者身体和心理状态,增加卫生保健系统的经济负担,占用高价值护理的时间和资源。 结论 目前低价值护理的研究仍处于初级阶段,缺少相关测量工具,未来应进一步对低价值护理进行多层次、多角度的研究。  相似文献   
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【目的】 总结科技期刊封面设计流程管理模式并探讨其中的相关问题,为同行提供经验借鉴。【方法】 从版面、设计风格等方面对科技期刊封面图片的特征进行归纳。以中国激光杂志社期刊封面为例,总结封面设计流程管理模式,探讨封面设计过程中的相关问题。【结果】 期刊应对封面的主题策划、生产流程、版权保护等方面进行有效的流程管理。此外,就封面设置及风格、元素文化、版权意识、与设计公司合作等问题进行思考总结。【结论】 科技期刊可通过合理的封面设计流程,将科技与艺术融合,更准确地传播前沿科技成果,并弘扬中国传统文化。  相似文献   
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PurposeTo report the 5-year results from the Pivotal Multicenter Trial of Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Arteriovenous Fistula (pAVF) Creation for Hemodialysis Access.Materials and MethodsThe retrospective review of 107 intent-to-treat (ITT) patients from the pivotal trial provided a long-term follow-up population (LTP) of 85 patients with a median follow-up duration of 50 months (range, 12–60 months). Data evaluated in the LTP group were fistula maturation and usage, secondary procedures, and complications. The Kaplan-Meier analysis of primary patency, assisted primary patency, cumulative patency, and functional patency (time from 2-needle cannulation to abandonment) were performed for the ITT population.ResultsIn the LTP, 99% (84 of 85) of fistulae were mature, with 99% (78 of 79) of patients requiring hemodialysis using their pAVF. Sustained fistula use (2-needle cannulation at the prescribed rate, 2 of 3 sessions) was achieved in 92% (78 of 85) of patients, with 7 patients not using their pAVF because they were not on dialysis (n = 4), were on peritoneal dialysis (n = 2), and refused to use fistula (n = 1). Fistula maintenance was required in 31.8% (27 of 85) of patients and included fistula dysfunction (21.2%), thrombosis (5.9%), cannulation injury (12.9%), and arm swelling (4.7%). The number of procedures performed per patient per year to maintain function and patency was 0.32 (91 of 288) for years 2–5. The cumulative patency rates were 89.5%, 88.4%, 88.4%, 85.6%, and 82.0% for years 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. The functional patency was 91.8% at the end of the study. There were no major complications related to pAVF during the long-term follow-up.ConclusionsPercutaneous fistulae have provided clinically effective and durable access for hemodialysis with low complications. The continued use and evaluation of pAVF are warranted.  相似文献   
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目的优选超声靶向微泡破坏(UTMD)技术介导载基因靶向纳米泡(T-NB)爆破的条件。方法采用薄膜水化法制备纳米泡,以生物素-亲和素-生物素连接方法制备pAd-AAV-9/miRNA-1 T-NB,观察其基本理化性质。基于机械指数(0.6、0.9、1.2、1.5)、T-NB溶液浓度(10^(5)/ml、10^(6)/ml、10^(7)/ml、10^(8)/ml)及辐照时间(30、45、60、120 s)设计三因素四水平正交实验,评价不同超声辐照参数对T-NB溶液信号强度的影响。结果pAd-AAV-9/miRNA-1 T-NB溶液为乳白色混悬液,浓度(0.74±0.10)×10^(8)/ml;T-NB为大小相近的球形,平均粒径(443.97±12.84)nm,平均电位(-7.33±0.09)mV。在不同辐照条件下,T-NB溶液的信号强度不同。机械指数、T-NB浓度及辐照时间均可显著影响信号强度(P均<0.05)。影响T-NB爆破的因素依次为机械指数、T-NB溶液浓度及辐照时间,机械指数0.6、T-NB浓度10^(6)/ml、辐照时间120 s为其最优组合。结论机械指数0.6、T-NB溶液浓度10^(6)/ml、辐照时间120 s为UTMD技术载基因T-NB的最优爆破条件。  相似文献   
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 目的 调查医院感染预防与控制课程设计中医学生的教育需求及教师的课程设计建议。方法 采用问卷调查全国5个地区10所医学院校师生的医院感染预防与控制教育需求和课程设计意见,参考塔巴目标模式课程设计步骤,论证课程设计方案。结果 584名学生中,仅11.8%(69名)的学生认为当前医院感染预防与控制教育能完全满足其需求,需求得分居前四位的为手卫生、消毒灭菌隔离、医院感染概论和职业防护。352名教师中,72.7%(256名)建议设必修课;86.4%(304名)选择总学时8~24学时,12.5%(44名)选择24学时以上,被调查教师建议10个章节学时平均总和为19.5;需重点掌握13项、熟悉9项知识和技能;86.4%(304名)教师建议理论与见习学时比为1 ∶0.5及以上;53.4%(188名)教师建议采取理论大课+小组见习(含技能操作)+线上学习的形式;63.7%(224名)教师建议师资团队由医院感染管理科+感染病科+护理部教师共同组成。结论 当前医学生的医院感染预防与控制教育远未完全满足需求,单独开课很有必要,建议设置16~24学时必修课,理论联系实践,多学科师资实施多元化教学,按照必修课考核。  相似文献   
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