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1.
何丽芳  李倩倩  甘香 《中华护理杂志》2022,57(21):2585-2591
目的 探讨自尊在中青年维持性血液透析患者病耻感与心理痛苦之间的中介效应,以及家庭亲密度在其中的调节效应。 方法 采用便利抽样法,利用病耻感量表、自尊量表、家庭亲密度量表及心理痛苦温度计于2021年6月—12月对福建省福州市、莆田市4所三级甲等医院382例中青年维持性血液透析患者进行调查,应用SPSS 26.0软件进行相关分析,运用PROCESS宏程序中的Model 4进行中介效应分析和Model 58进行调节效应分析。 结果 中青年维持性血液透析患者心理痛苦检出率为59.7%,病耻感、自尊、家庭亲密度、心理痛苦之间存在两两相关关系(均P<0.001)。自尊在病耻感与心理痛苦间起部分中介作用(β=-0.22,t=-3.85,P<0.001),家庭亲密度调节了这一中介过程的前半路径(β=0.19,t=5.08,P<0.001),高的家庭亲密度会减弱病耻感对自尊的影响,反之,则增强。 结论 中青年维持性血液透析患者病耻感不仅能直接正向预测心理痛苦,还能通过自尊对其产生间接的影响,家庭亲密度调节了这一过程。可采取叙事家庭疗法降低患者病耻感,提高家庭亲密度,保护自尊,减轻心理痛苦。  相似文献   
2.
目的建立广州市脑卒中患者病耻感量表的常模,为评估脑卒中患者病耻感水平提供参考。方法采用区域分层随机抽样法选取广州市6个行政区域的1464名脑卒中患者为研究对象,采用脑卒中患者病耻感量表对其进行调查。结果广州市脑卒中患者病耻感量表总分为(34.11±19.78)分,各维度得分:躯体障碍得分为(39.11±25.36)分、社会交往得分为(41.99±26.78)分、受歧视经历得分为(18.96±18.37)分、自我感受得分为(37.50±24.09)分;以性别、卒中发生次数、是否需要照顾者、年龄组、卒中类型及病程建立分类常模,并分别以P25,、P 50、P75、P95为界将脑卒中患者病耻感量表总分从高到低依次划为非常高、高、中等、较低和低5种状态。结论针对脑卒中患者病耻感量表建立的常模具有良好的代表性,可以作为广州市脑卒中患者病耻感测评的参考标准。  相似文献   
3.
目的 探讨阅读疗法对轻中度抑郁症患者病耻感及主观幸福感的影响。方法 选取2018年10月-2019年6月在我院住院的轻中度抑郁症患者104例,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组。对照组给予常规治疗和护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施阅读疗法。在阅读疗法实施前和实施4周、8周后采用Link病耻感量表和纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表(MUNSH)对阅读疗法的效果进行评定。 结果 2组Link病耻感量表、MUNSH得分在时间、组间、交互效应上比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05 )。 结论 阅读疗法能够有效缓解轻中度抑郁症患者的病耻感,并增强其积极体验和应对能力,提升患者的主观幸福感。  相似文献   
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Chronic pain is a potentially stigmatizing condition. However, stigma has received limited empirical investigation in people with chronic pain. Therefore, we examined the psychometric properties of a self-report questionnaire of stigma in people with chronic pain attending interdisciplinary treatment. Secondarily, we undertook an exploratory examination of the magnitude of change in stigma associated with interdisciplinary treatment in a prospective observational cohort. Participants attending interdisciplinary treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy completed the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness 8-item version (SSCI-8; previously developed and validated in neurological samples), and measures of perceived injustice, pain acceptance, and standard pain outcomes before (n = 300) and after treatment (n = 247). A unidimensional factor structure and good internal consistency were found for the SSCI-8. Total SSCI-8 scores were correlated with pain intensity, indices of functioning, and depression in bivariate analyses. Stigma scores were uniquely associated with functioning and depression in multiple regression analyses controlling for demographic factors, pain intensity, pain acceptance, and perceived injustice at baseline. SSCI-8 total scores did not significantly improve after treatment, although an exploratory subscale analysis showed a small improvement on internalized stigma. In contrast, scores on perceived injustice, pain acceptance, and pain outcomes improved significantly. Taken together, these data support the reliability and validity of the SSCI-8 for use in samples with chronic pain. Further research is needed optimize interventions to target stigma at both the individual and societal levels.PerspectiveThis study supports the use of the SSCI-8 to measure stigma in chronic pain. Stigma is uniquely associated with worse depression and pain-related disability. Research is needed to identify how to best target pain-related stigma from individual and societal perspectives.  相似文献   
6.
目的探讨2型糖尿病患者病耻感现状,并分析病耻感的影响因素。方法2018年8月—2020年3月期间,采用便利抽样法,对该院就诊的135例2型糖尿病患者进行问卷调查。调查工具为一般情况调查表、2型糖尿病病耻感评估表。对病耻感的影响因素进行单因素分析和多因素分析。结果所有患者平均病耻感得分为(54.22±10.65)分。不同年龄、文化水平、是否接受胰岛素治疗、是否合并并发症等4个因素的单因素亚组分析显示,组间病耻感得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);采用逐步多元线性回归分析显示,只有年龄、是否合并并发症、文化水平是影响病耻感的独立因素。结论该次调查显示2型糖尿病患者普遍存在病耻感,年龄低、具有糖尿病并发症和文化水平较高的患者具有更明显的病耻感,应引起医务人员的重视,并及时给予治疗干预。  相似文献   
7.
目的了解青年患者发生癫痫后经历病耻感的真实体验,为临床护理人员对其进行针对性护理干预提供理论依据。方法采用目的性抽样法,于2019年9月—2020年4月选取上海某三级甲等医院神经科的青年癫痫患者12例为研究对象。采用描述性质性研究设计,通过半结构式访谈提纲对患者进行深度访谈。采用主题分析法分析资料。结果提炼出3个主题,即病耻感体验(羞耻感、被歧视感、绝望感)、病耻感危害(社交恐惧、自杀倾向、婚姻关系较差、工作消极)及病耻感应对。结论青年癫痫患者存在较强烈的病耻感且病耻感对他们造成了较大的危害,但他们却无法应对病耻感,因此需要临床护理人员充分关注青年癫痫患者的病耻感,及时为其提供护理干预。  相似文献   
8.
BackgroundLittle is known about how pre-resettlement experiences affect refugees’ uptake of cancer screenings. The objective of this study was to characterize Somali Bantu and Karen experiences with cancer and cancer screenings prior to and subsequent to resettlement in Buffalo, NY in order to inform engagement by health providers.MethodsThe study was grounded in a community-based participatory research approach, with data collection and analysis guided by the Health Belief Model and life course framework. Interviews were transcribed, independently coded by two researchers, and analyzed using an immersion-crystallization approach. We conducted 15 semi-structured interviews and six interview-focus group hybrids with Somali Bantu (n = 15) and Karen (n = 15) individuals who were predominantly female (87%).ResultsCancer awareness was more prevalent among Karen compared to Somali Bantu participants. Prior to resettlement, preventative health care, including cancer screening, and treatment were unavailable or inaccessible to participants and a low priority compared with survival and acute health threats. There, Somali Bantu treated cancer-like diseases with traditional medicine (heated objects, poultices), and Karen reported traditional medicine and even late-stage biomedical treatments were ineffective due to extent of progressed, late-stage ulcerated tumors when care was sought. A fatalistic view of cancer was intertwined with faith (Somali Bantu) and associated with untreated, late-stage cancer (Karen). Karen but not Somali Bantu reported individuals living with cancer were stigmatized pre-resettlement due to the unpleasant manifestations of untreated, ulcerated tumors. Now resettled in the U.S., participants reported obtaining cancer screenings was challenged by transportation and communication barriers and facilitated by having insurance and interpretation services. While Somali Bantu women strongly preferred a female provider for screenings, Karen women felt cancer severity outweighed cultural modesty concerns in terms of provider gender.SignificanceOur findings suggest the need for culturally-relevant cancer education that incorporates the life course experiences and addresses logistical barriers in linking individuals with screening, to be complemented by trauma-informed care approaches by healthcare providers.  相似文献   
9.
ObjectivePatients with obesity may experience less patient-centered care. We assessed whether medical students’ implicit/explicit weight-related attitudes and perceptions of normative attitudes are associated with patient-centered care for patients with obesity.MethodsThird and fourth year medical students (N = 111) at one medical school completed a survey and participated in a patient care scenario with a standardized patient with obesity. Encounters were coded for patient-centered behavior. Predictors of patient-centered behaviors were assessed.ResultsStudent perceptions that negative attitudes about patients with obesity are normative in medical school were significantly associated with poorer patient-centered behaviors, including lower attentiveness (b=?0.19, p = 0.01), friendliness (b=?0.28, p < 0.001), responsiveness (b=?0.21, p = 0.002), respectfulness (b=?0.17, p = 0.003), interactivity (b=?0.22, p = 0.003), likelihood of being recommended by observers (b=?0.34, p < 0.001), and patient-centeredness index scores (b=?0.16, p = 0.002). Student reported faculty role-modeling of discrimination against patients with obesity predicted lower friendliness (b=?0.16, p = 0.03), recommendation likelihood (b=?0.22, p = 0.04), and patient-centeredness index score (b=?0.12, p = 0.03).ConclusionsNegative normative attitudes and behaviors regarding obesity in the medical school environment may adversely influence the quality of patient-centered behaviors provided to patients with obesity.Practice implicationsEfforts to improve patient-centered communication quality among medical trainees may benefit from intervention to improve group normative attitudes about patients with obesity.  相似文献   
10.
目的研究共情护理(EN)对直肠癌永久性肠造口(PC)患者知觉压力、病耻感及癌因性疲乏的影响。方法纳入2015年1月至2018年12月成都医学院第一附属医院收治的PC患者108例,依照随机数字表法分为EN组与对照组各54例。对照组给予常规护理,EN组在常规护理基础上给予EN。观察护理前后两组患者焦虑、抑郁、知觉压力、病耻感、癌因性疲乏等情况。血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、血管紧张素-2(AT-II)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)等应激因子水平。结果护理后,EN组SAS、SDS、CPSS、病耻感及CFS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);SOD水平高于对照组,AT-II、NE水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。SF-36各项评分也均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论EN可有效缓解PC患者负性情绪,解除机体应激,减轻其知觉压力、癌因性疲乏,消除病耻感,改善患者健康状况。  相似文献   
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