留置尿管拔出后自主排尿的最佳方法研究

目的探讨拔除尿管后病人首次自主排尿的最佳方法。方法将502例留置尿管病人采用随机分为三组,常规组（170例）,实验A组（161例）,实验B组（131例）。通过观察是否能首次自主排尿,拔除尿管至首次排尿时间,护士工作量,费用等各项结果以比较三种拔管方法。结果膀胱冲洗后拔管效果明显优于完成当日输液量后和输液过程中随即拔管,差异有显著意义（P〈0.05）。结论提示膀胱冲洗后拔管可有效防止尿潴留的发生,并缩短了拔管后首次排尿时间,该法应作为留置尿管拔出后的首选方法。     

间苯三酚在阴道分娩中的临床应用

目的:探讨间苯三酚在阴道分娩中缩短总产程时间,降低剖宫产率的疗效.方法:随机抽出160名无剖宫产指征要求阴道分娩的初产妇平均分为2组:研究组给予间苯三酚40mg肌肉注射,同时给予10%葡萄糖500ml加5个单位催产素静脉滴注,对照组给予同等浓度催产素滴注.同时观察两组的总产程时间,剖宫产率,产后2小时出血量,羊水性状,新生儿评分等情况.结果:研究组总产程时间,剖宫产率明显低于对照组(P＜0.01);产后出血量,新生儿评分则无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论:间苯三酚能明显缩短阴道分娩总产程时间,而不影响新生儿评分,值得临床推广.     

提上睑肌三阶梯手术矫正上睑下垂的临床应用

目的 探讨提上睑肌三阶梯手术矫正上睑下垂的适应范围及效果。方法 根据提上睑肌肌力和上睑下垂的程度，将患者分为三组。A组为提上睑肌肌力好，上睑呈轻度下垂者。单纯采用提上睑肌徙前术矫正。B组为提上睑肌有一定的肌力，上睑呈中度下垂者。在提上睑肌徙前术的基础上。行提上睑肌缩短术矫正。C组为提上睑肌肌力差，上睑呈重度下垂者。在提上睑肌徙前、缩短术的基础上行提上睑肌反折悬吊术矫正。结果 87例患者术后随访6～30个月，上睑缘位于角膜缘下1mm．眼睑弧度自然，两眼对称，眼睑闭合自如，无暴露性角膜炎及结膜脱垂等并发症，效果满意。结论 提上睑肌徙前、缩短、反折悬吊三阶梯手术，可广泛适用于矫正不同程度的上睑下垂。     

早期创面冷疗在中小面积烧伤治疗中的应用

目的观察中小面积烧伤创面早期冷疗在烧伤治疗中的疗效。方法用手术专用泡手桶盛放蒸馏水配制成的1：5000新洁尔灭溶液,温度维持在10～15℃。将烧伤肢体创面浸泡在液体中,头面部及躯干创面使用无菌湿冷棉垫冷敷。根据患者对冷疗的耐受情况调整冷疗液的温度,观察患者生命体征变化,观察创面肿胀、渗出及色泽变化,将创面愈合时间和愈后瘢痕增生情况与常规治疗组进行比较。结果对168例中小面积Ⅱ度烧伤患者,冷疗后疼痛多在3～5min明显减轻或缓解。与对照组相比愈合时间明显缩短、疼痛大大减轻。随访半年无严重瘢痕增生。结论中小面积烧伤早期进行冷疗,减轻痛苦,缩短疗程,促进创面愈合、减少瘢痕增生,值得临床推广应用。     

笑气（N_2O）吸入性分娩镇痛120例临床研究

目的：观察笑气吸入性分娩镇痛在临床的应用效果。方法：观察两组患者（各120例）的产程进展、产时产后出血量及剖宫产率。结果：观察组产程平均为（562±150）min,对照组为（730±160）min,观察组明显短于对照组（P〈0.05）;观察组产时出血量平均为（165±10）ml,明显少于对照组（175±15）ml（P〈0.05）;产后2 h累计出血量观察组平均为（236±25）ml,对照组为（242±27）ml,两组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;剖宫产率观察组（87.5%）明显低于对照组（77.5%）（P〈0.05）。结论：笑气吸入性分娩镇痛无创、易操作,且可以明显缩短产程,降低剖宫产率,有较高的临床应用价值。     

探讨使用仿生助产仪对剖宫产率的影响

目的：探讨使用仿生助产仪对剖宫产率的影响.方法：采用KCB-Ⅰ型全自动仿生助产仪,200例产妇行宫颈及阴道扩张术为观察组,并分别与自然经历产程的200例产妇做对照.比较两组产程的长短、难产发生率及其剖宫产率.结果：观察组产程时间、阴道分娩率、剖宫产率均明显低于对照组（P＜0.01）.结论：仿生助产仪可明显缩短产程、降,有效降低剖宫产率.     

心理护理对产前阵痛及产程的影响

目的：探讨心理护理对产前阵痛及产程的影响。方法：通过对940例在产房待产的产妇（A组）实施心理护理,与没有实施心理护理的产妇（B组）1020例进行对照。结果：B组产妇感觉剧痛为A组的12倍;剖宫产率A组比B组降低了28．3％,阴道分娩率上升了30．1％;B组产程明显大于A组。结论：心理护理可显著减轻疼痛,缩短产程,降低剖宫产率,为自然分娩的顺利进行提供良好的保障;并能减少产后出血,对围生期母婴保健,优生优育都有重要意义。     

上唇短缩畸形的手术治疗

目的针对微笑时鼻唇部出现上唇上提并短缩,鼻小柱下方褶沟,上唇牙龈外露等现象,探讨一种治疗上唇短缩畸形的手术方法。方法采用经口或鼻前庭切口,将鼻小柱根部鼻中隔降肌肌纤维切断及部分切除,并广泛剥离使上唇下降。结果共为27例上唇短缩畸形患者进行手术治疗。其中9例采用了双侧鼻小柱外侧与前庭基底贯穿切口,18例采用了上唇唇龈沟切口。通过手术,患者获得微笑时上唇中部适度降低,鼻小柱下方褶沟变浅或消失,上唇牙龈外露消失的效果。6例患者还在手术矫正上唇动态短缩畸形的同时,实施了鼻整形术。通过手术可矫正鼻唇牙龈部的综合动态缺陷,获得满意的美学效果。结论手术方法治疗上唇短缩畸形,可改善患者微笑时的表情,是值得推广的治疗方法。     

全程责任制陪伴分娩配合气囊仿生助产100例临床疗效观察

目的：探究全程责任制陪伴分娩配合气囊仿生助产的临床疗效.方法：对2011年1月~2012年12月在我所住院分娩的100例孕妇采用全程责任制陪伴分娩配合气囊仿生助产仪进行助产,并选取同期100例孕妇行自然进展生产,对比两组孕妇的第一产程、第二产程、总产程,并对分娩方式、产后出血情况、产儿并发症及产后抑郁评分等情况进行统计.结果：观察组产程时间明显短于对照组,降低阴道助产及剖宫产率,产后出血情况明显减少,产后抑郁症发生率明显低于对照组.结论：全程责任制陪伴分娩配合气囊仿生助产能够明显缩短产程,减少产妇待产和分娩的痛苦,降低母婴并发症,是广大孕产妇自然分娩的新选择.     

Serum brain natriuretic peptide in children with Kawasaki disease

BACKGROUND:

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a common cause of acquired heart disease in children. Recent studies have focused on the biochemical markers of the myocardium, their high sensitivity and specificity and significance in the diagnosis of KD. This study aimed to determine the serum level of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and its relation with the heart function of children with KD and to explore its clinical value in diagnosis of KD.

METHODS:

Forty-three KD children, aged from 5 months to 8 years (mean 2.3±0.6 years), were admitted to Qingdao Children’s Hospital from February 2007 to April 2009. Among them 27 were male, and 16 female. The 43 patients served as a KD group. Patients with myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease and other primary heart diseases were excluded. Thirty healthy children, aged from 3 months to 15 years (mean 2.5±0.8 years) or 17 males and 13 females served as a control group. There were no significant differences in age and gender between the two groups (P>0.05). In the KD group, ELISA was used to measure the levels of serum BNP in acute and convalescent stages; and in the control group, the levels of serum BNP were measured once randomly. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular shorten fraction (LVSF), cardiac index (CI) and left ventricular inflow velocity through the mitral annulus (including E-velocity and A-velocity) were measured by two-dimensional echocardiography in the acute and convalescent stages in the KD group. All data were expressed as mean±SD. The methods of analysis included Student’s t test and the linear regression analysis test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:

The level of serum BNP in the acute stage (517.26±213.40) ng/ml was significantly higher than that in the convalescent stage (91.56±47.97) ng/ml in the control group (37.55±7.56) ng/ml (P<0.01). The levels of LVEF, LVSF and CI in the acute stage were significantly lower than those in the convalescent stage (P<0.05), but the E/A level was not significantly different between the acute and convalescent stages (P>0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that the BNP level was negatively correlated with the levels of LVEF, LVSF and CI(r=-0.63, -0.52, -0.53, P<0.05), but not significantly correlated with the E/A level (r=-0.18, P>0.05).

CONCLUSION:

The levels of serum BNP are significantly increased in KD patients, and are negatively correlated with the levels of LVEF, LVSF, and CI. The detection of serum BNP level is of clinical significance in the diagnosis of KD.KEY WORDS: Natriuretic peptide, brain; Kawasaki disease; Ejection fraction; left ventricular; Shorten fraction, left ventricular; Cardiac index; E/A; Correlation; Children