中国西北部分地区人群莱姆病血清流行病学调查

莱姆病是由莱姆病螺旋体引起的一种自然疫源性疾病.我国于1986年首次在黑龙江省海林县林区发现该病~([1]),后证实莱姆病在国内分布相当广泛~([2]).为了解我国西北部分地区林区人群感染情况,在新疆、甘肃、宁夏、陕西4省区的林区进行选点调查.     

福建省2013年急性乙型肝炎监测分析

目的分析福建省6个监测点急性乙肝报告的病例资料,评价其实际发病情况。方法对报告的急性病例进行流行病学调查,采集血清进行实验室复核。结果 2013年共报告乙肝4 086例,初始报告急性乙肝692例（16.9%）、慢性乙肝3 373例（82.7%）、未分类21例（0.5%）。经流行病学调查及抗-HBc-IgM 1∶1000检测排除,审核订正后报告急性乙肝269例（6.6%）,慢性乙肝3 796例（92.9%）,订正后急性乙肝病例占比下降;乙肝发病性别比2.1∶1。抗HBc-IgM估算的急性乙肝发病率明显低于中国疾病预防控制系统报告发病率。结论应提高医务人员对乙肝诊断标准的认识,及时利用实验室检测结果进行乙肝分类诊断,客观评价福建省乙肝发病水平。     

中国丙型肝炎血清流行病学研究

目的 了解中国现阶段丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染现状。方法利用中国疾病预防控制中心“2006年中国乙型病毒性肝炎血清流行病学调查”保留的血清,以美国Murex 3.0和Ortho 3.0抗-HCV试剂为金标准建立标准血清库,筛选中国抗-HCV检测试剂,并用Chiron HCVRIBA 3.0复核检测结果。结果 中国1～ 59岁人群抗-HCV调整流行率为0.43％(95％CI:0.33％～0.53％),男性和女性抗-HCV流行率分别为0.46％和0.40％,城市和农村人群经调整后均为0.43％。东、中和西部地区人群抗-HCV流行率分别为0.37％（95％CI:0.21％～0.53％）、0.67％(95％CI:0.40％～0.94％)和0.31％ (95％CI:0.20％ ～ 0.42％),3个地区人群抗-HCV流行率的差异无统计学意义;南方和北方地区人群抗-HCV流行率分别为0.29％(95％CI:0.21％～0.52％)和0.53％(95％CI:0.38％ ～ 0.64％)。结论经综合性防治,目前中国属丙型肝炎低流行区。     

Hepatitis A incidence and hospital-based seroprevalence in Italy: a nation-wide study

To define the pattern of HAV infection in Italy and to study the differences among geographic areas (northern, central and southern Italy) and age-classes, we performed HAV antibody testing on sera collected in 1996–1997 from a large sample of the Italian population and compared the results with those of other seroprevalence studies and with incidence data for the period 1985–2005, calculated by a surveillance system specific for acute viral hepatitis based on symptomatic cases. A total of 3,561 sera, collected by hospital-based reference laboratories in 18 out of 20 Italian Regions, were tested; 1,138 (32%, 95% CI: 30.5–33.5) were positive. The age-adjusted prevalence was 60.1% and the age-specific rates were among the highest rates reported in Europe in the 1990s. The age-adjusted seroprevalence showed a significant north–south gradient, increasing from 55% in northern Italy to 68% in southern Italy. Age and area of residence were found to be strong predictors of previous HAV infection: the marked increase in prevalence with increasing age represents a strong cohort effect. In northern Italy, a marked increase with age was observed beginning with the 20- to 29-year age-class, whereas in southern Italy, such an increase was observed beginning with the 12- to 19-year age-class, indicating that northern Italy preceded southern Italy by 10–20 years in terms of improvements in hygiene and sanitation. The incidence of HAV infection shows an evident peak in 1997, when an outbreak occurred in southern Italy, mainly affecting 15- to 24-year-old individuals. In the period from 1998 to 2005, the incidence drastically decreased (average of 3.2/100,000 inhabitants), reaching a minimum of 2/100,000 inhabitants in 2005. Serologic Study Group: S. Barbuti, M.C. Berlinghieri, W. Caraccio, E. Ciotoli, L. Cosentino, E. Del Prete, A. Favero, A. Focà, M. Fringuelli, G. Gabutti, C. Germinario, A. Giammanco, A. Goglio, S. Grandesso, M. Greco, F. Leoncini, G. Maistri, D. Marchetti, P. Martelli, P. Montanera, A. Mundo, G. Obino, S. Oliva, S. Pegoretti, V. Perani, P. Quaranta, G. Riario Sforza, G. Santini, L. Simula, L. Titone, and M. Tronci.     

新生儿乙肝疫苗接种20年后人群的HBV血清流行病学特征研究

目的了解现阶段人群乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染现状;评价自1985年4月开展新生儿接种乙肝疫苗免疫策略所取得的成果。方法在国家"七五"攻关课题试点区,应用整群抽样的方法,以家庭为单位,采取血清,应用固相放射免疫法(SPRIA)检测HBsAg、抗—HBs和抗—HBc。结果人群HBsAg阳性率、抗—HBs阳性率和HBV流行率经标化后分别为6.03%、37.75%和37.33%;HBsAg阳性率、HBV流行率均低于1987年同一地区的检测结果,尤以<20岁青少年降低比较明显;抗—HBs阳性率则高于1987年同一地区的检测结果,尤以<20岁青少年升高明显。结论人群乙肝流行病学特征已发生改变,新生儿乙肝疫苗接种已取得了很大的成绩。     

张家口农村地区HBsAg血清流行病学调查

目的 了解当前张家口农村地区乙型肝炎感染标志的分布状况,分析乙型肝炎的流行现状和流行趋势.方法 以张家口农村地区6个自然村的居民为研究对象,检测静脉血的HBsAg感染指标.结果 HBsAg阳性率平均为5.92％,男性高于女性,坝下地区高于坝上地区.结论 张家口农村地区属于HBV中度流行区,做好健康教育,提高乙肝疫苗接种率,加强母婴阻断是今后乙肝防治工作的重点.     

A cross sectional survey measuring sero-incidence of pertussis infection among Japanese junior and senior high school students in 2013 and 2014

Pertussis in adolescents has been increasingly documented in recent years, but diagnosis from the clinical symptoms is difficult. Serological diagnosis with IgG antibody to pertussis toxin (IgG PT) is useful for detecting pertussis cases in this population. However, no serological criterion for recent infection has been fully validated and large-scale, longitudinal serological data among Japanese junior and senior high school students are lacking.Paired serum samples of 3243 junior and senior high school students, collected in 2013 and 2014, were analyzed for IgG PT and its relationship to possible risk factors.Regression analysis showed an average decrease of 35% in IgG PT between 2013 and 2014. In 2013, 4.4% of the students showed IgG PT levels ≥100 EU/mL, as did 3.7% in 2014. The seroincidence, defined as [IgG PT] change from <100 in 2013 to ≥100 EU/mL in 2014, was 10.3 cases per 1000 person-years. A 4-fold rise in IgG PT was seen in 2.1% of the students, with significant differences between schools and significant correlations to two risk factors, “over 2 weeks coughing” and “exposure to a person with over 2 weeks coughing”. A substantial number of students had IgG PT ≥100 EU/mL despite the observed 35% yearly decrease in IgG PT level. The local foci of ≥4-fold IgG PT increase in specific schools suggests the persistent circulation of B. pertussis in Japanese adolescents. The results also support a “≥4-fold rise in IgG PT” as a useful component of the sero-epidemiological surveillance for pertussis.     

赤道几内亚比奥科岛献血者的输血传播感染疾病血清流行学研究和风险因素评估

目的在比奥科岛上献血人群中开展一次输血传播感染疾病（transfusion—transmissibleinfections,TTIs）的血清流行病学调查。方法用金标法和ELISA对合格献血者血样进行4项输血传播感染疾病的检测,包括人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、乙型肝型病毒（HBV）、丙型肝型病毒（HCV）、梅毒螺旋体（LUES）,同时用多元回归分析方法评估TTIs疾病的相关危险因素。结果在2937名献血者中HIV、HBV、HCV和梅毒螺旋体的感染率分别为7．83％（95％CI：6．85～8．80）、10．01％（95％CI：8．92～11．10）、3．71％（95％CI：3．03～4．39）和21．52％（95％CI：20．02～23．00）。多重混合感染的阳性率是6．30％（95％CI：5．42～7．18）。同时发现女性献血者的HIV和梅毒感染阳性率明显高于男性献血者（HIV：AOR=I．50,95％CI：1．10-2．04,P=0．010;梅毒：AOR=1．27,95％CI：1．02～1．58,P=0．034）。岛上的未规划居住区是艾滋病、乙肝和梅毒感染的显著危险因素（HIV：AOR=I．66,95％CI：1．04～2．66,P=-0．033;HBV：AOR=I．78,95％CI：1．11～2．83,P=-0．016;梅毒：AOR=I．73,95％CI：1．26-2．37,P=-0．001）。结论比奥科岛的献血人群中输血传播感染的阳性率极高,当地政府和卫生部门应采取更有效的干预措施来提高血液安全。     

安徽省不同地区人群和家畜Q热血清流行病学调查

目的了解安徽省丘陵和淮北平原人群、家畜Q热感染状况和分布特点,为科学防治Q热提供依据。方法2009年4月～5月在安徽省广德、明光和怀远县采集农村人群血清613份,家畜血清150份,使用试剂盒,采用间接免疫荧光法（IFA）检测Q热病原体抗体,并进行不同地区、年龄、性别比较。结果613份人血清中,Q热阳性血清239份,阳性率53.67%,存在性别差异。家畜血清150份,Q热阳性血清92份,阳性率61.33%,存在地区差异。人群与家畜Q热血清阳性率正相关关系。结论安徽省部分农村地区人和家畜均有较高的Q热血清阳性率,存在由家畜传染给人的风险,需加强Q热的预防意识及诊断能力。     

武汉市2006年城乡居民乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查

为了解武汉市居民HBsAg携带状况，以便有针对性地采取科学的预防与控制措施，于2006年9—11月在武汉市居民中开展了HnsAg携带率的流行病学调查。