2017—2019 年武汉市血吸虫病重点水域哨鼠监测报告

目的 及时发现武汉市血吸虫病重点水域水体感染性,减少血吸虫病传播风险。 方法 选择血吸虫病易感重点水域长江武汉段、府河-沦河水系、东荆河-通顺河水系和金水河水系,采用哨鼠监测法监测水体血吸虫感染风险。 结果 2017—2019 年共开展哨鼠监测 38 点次,涉及全市 8 个区 21 个行政村。 三年共投放哨鼠 760 只,回收哨鼠 742 只,总回收率为 97. 63%;共解剖哨鼠 742 只,未发现阳性,未检获成虫,哨鼠感染率为 0。 结论 武汉市血吸虫病重点水域的水体感染性较低。     

Intestinal schistosomiasis: a very long-lived tropical parasite

We report a case of intestinal schistosomiasis in a patient who had not travelled outside Europe after migrating 20 years ago. Images of the Schistosoma mansoni eggs are shown that confirm the active nature of the infection.     

MANAGEMENT OF VARICEAL HEMORRHAGE: CURRENT CONCEPTS

Introduction

The treatment of portal hypertension is complex and the the best strategy depends on the underlying disease (cirrhosis vs. schistosomiasis), patient''s clinical condition and time on it is performed (during an acute episode of variceal bleeding or electively, as pre-primary, primary or secondary prophylaxis). With the advent of new pharmacological options and technical development of endoscopy and interventional radiology treatment of portal hypertension has changed in recent decades.

Aim

To review the strategies employed in elective and emergency treatment of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic and schistosomotic patients.

Methods

Survey of publications in PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, SciELO and Cochrane databases through June 2013, using the headings: portal hypertension, esophageal and gastric varices, variceal bleeding, liver cirrhosis, schistosomiasis mansoni, surgical treatment, pharmacological treatment, secondary prophylaxis, primary prophylaxis, pre-primary prophylaxis.

Conclusion

Pre-primary prophylaxis doesn''t have specific treatment strategies; the best recommendation is treatment of the underlying disease. Primary prophylaxis should be performed in cirrhotic patients with beta-blockers or endoscopic variceal ligation. There is controversy regarding the effectiveness of primary prophylaxis in patients with schistosomiasis; when indicated, it is done with beta-blockers or endoscopic therapy in high-risk varices. Treatment of acute variceal bleeding is systematized in the literature, combination of vasoconstrictor drugs and endoscopic therapy, provided significant decline in mortality over the last decades. TIPS and surgical treatment are options as rescue therapy. Secondary prophylaxis plays a fundamental role in the reduction of recurrent bleeding, the best option in cirrhotic patients is the combination of pharmacological therapy with beta-blockers and endoscopic band ligation. TIPS or surgical treatment, are options for controlling rebleeding on failure of secondary prophylaxis. Despite the increasing evidence of the effectiveness of pharmacological and endoscopic treatment in schistosomotic patients, surgical therapy still plays an important role in secondary prophylaxis.     

JPG3单克隆抗体Dot-ELISA用于血吸虫病疗效考核的探讨

目的评估JPG3单克隆抗体Dot-ELISA在血吸虫病疗效考核中的应用价值。方法以吡喹酮(50mg·kg-1,顿服)治疗血吸虫病人后,采用JPG3单抗Dot-ELISA方法,追踪检测治疗后半年、1年和2年病人血清中的循环抗原(CAg),并计算其阴转率。结果治疗后半年、1年和2年病人血清中CAg阴转率分别为70.63%、80.40%和84.34%,与抗体检测方法(IHA)的阴转率分别为15.38%、27.24%和49.23%,有非常明显的差异;比较不同感染度、不同性别和不同年龄组患者之间CAg的阴转率均没有显著性差异。结论JPG3单抗Dot-ELISA在血吸虫病疗效考核中有较好的应用价值。     

Genetic polymorphisms in NQO1 and SOD2: Interactions with smoking,schistosoma infection,and bladder cancer risk in Egypt

BackgroundBladder cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in men among Egyptians, for whom tobacco smoke exposure and Schistosoma haematobium (SH) infection are the major risk factors. We hypothesized that functional polymorphisms in NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), modulators of the effects of reactive oxidative species, can influence an individual's susceptibility to these carcinogenic exposures and hence the risk of bladder cancer.MethodsWe assessed the effects of potential interactions between functional polymorphisms in the NQO1 and SOD2 genes and exposure to smoking and SH infection on bladder cancer risk among 902 cases and 804 population-based controls in Egypt. We used unconditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) 95%.ResultsWater pipe and cigarette smoking were more strongly associated with cancer risk among individuals with the TT genotype for SOD2 (OR [CI 95%] = 4.41 [1.86–10.42]) as compared with those with the CC genotype (OR [CI 95%] = 2.26 [0.97–6.74]). Conversely, the risk associated with SH infection was higher among the latter (OR [CI 95%] = 3.59 [2.21–5.84]) than among the former (OR [CI 95%] = 1.86 [1.33–2.60]). Polymorphisms in NQO1 genotype showed a similar pattern, but to a much lesser extent. The highest odds for having bladder cancer following SH infection were observed among individuals with the CC genotypes for both NQO1 and SOD2 (OR [CI 95%] = 4.41 [2.32–8.38]).ConclusionOur findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms in NQO1 and SOD2 play important roles in the etiology of bladder cancer by modulating the effects of known contributing factors such as smoking and SH infection.     

Schistosomiasis as a rare cause of recurrent acute appendicitis – A case report

INTRODUCTION

We are presenting a case of schistosomiasis in a 41 year old lady who presented with right iliac fossa pain for 3 years. The pain worsened and the frequency increased in the last 3 months prior to referral. The ultrasound was unremarkable. Her bowel habits were normal and there was no vomiting. There was no blood in the stool or in the urine.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

The abdomen was soft except on deep palpation. There was slight tenderness in the right lower quadrant. A repeat ultrasound was unremarkable. The full blood count was within the normal range. A diagnosis of recurrent acute appendicitis was made and an interval appendicectomy was performed.

DISCUSSION

Histopathology results revealed schistosomiasis of the appendix. There was no acute inflammation but there was fibrous obliteration of the distal lumen of the appendix and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia.

CONCLUSION

This is the first case in a country with relatively clean drinking water. There are no irrigation schemes but there are seasonal rivers and streams. The patient admits to swimming in these streams during childhood. Clinical features of schistosomiasis were not elicited.     

安徽省芜湖市2015—2019年血吸虫病疫情监测

目的 分析2015—2019年安徽省芜湖市血吸虫病监测点疫情动态变化,为制订符合当地实际的消除血吸虫病策略提供参考依据。方法 2015—2019年在芜湖市设立国家级和省级血吸虫病监测点,每年对监测点内人畜病情、螺情及野粪污染情况开展监测,对逐年监测结果进行统计分析。结果 2015—2019年芜湖市血吸虫病监测点累计开展人群血吸虫病血清学检查82 932人次,血检阳性率为1.12%~3.29%,本地居民血检阳性率呈逐年下降趋势（χ²_趋势= 218.218,P<0.01）;血检阳性者均接受了病原学检测,未发现阳性。2015—2019年芜湖市血吸虫病监测点累计开展流动人群血清学筛查9 534人次,各年血检阳性率为0.54%~4.86%,呈逐年下降趋势（χ²_趋势= 94.286,P<0.01）;所有血检阳性者均接受了病原学检测,仅2015年发现1例阳性。2015—2019年芜湖市血吸虫病监测点逐年查出的有螺面积为438.17~671.27 hm²,平均活螺框出现率为19.48%、活螺平均密度为0.72只/0.1 m²,压碎镜检法和LAMP法检测均未发现感染性钉螺。2015—2019年在芜湖市血吸虫病监测点共捡获野粪907份,未发现血吸虫感染阳性野粪。结论 芜湖市血吸虫病疫情已呈现低度流行态势,但全市血吸虫病传播的流行因素依然存在。要继续强化以传染源控制为主的综合性防治策略,加强家畜传染源管控,提高流动人口血吸虫病监测,不断完善血吸虫病监测预警和响应体系,推进消除血吸虫病进程。     

日本血吸虫可溶性尾蚴抗原早期诊断价值的研究

目的　确定日本血吸虫可溶性尾蚴抗原作为血吸虫病早期诊断检测用抗原的应用价值。方法　从感染日本血吸虫的钉螺收集尾蚴 ,制备可溶性尾蚴抗原 (SCA) ,建立应用 SCA为抗原检测家兔血清抗体的 ELISA法 ,并以此法检测 2 8只低度感染日本血吸虫家兔的感染前和感染后不同时期的血清 ,并与常规 SEA-ELISA法比较。结果　用 SCA检测时 ,感染后 15 d有 2 /2 8只家兔血清开始出现抗 SCA抗体阳性 ,2 0 d已有 2 0只阳性 ,阳性率为 71.4% ,3 0 d 2 8只全部阳性 ,阳性率为10 0 % ,而抗 SEA抗体在感染后 2 0 d开始出现 ,3 4d有 2 1只阳性 ,阳性率为 75 .0 % ,3 7d阳性率为10 0 %。平均出现抗体的时间 SCA-ELISA和 SEA-ELISA分别为 (2 1.2 5± 4.0 7) d和 (3 1.5 0±5 .12 ) d,前者比后者早 10 d。结论　用日本血吸虫可溶性尾蚴抗原检测血吸虫病具有早期诊断的价值