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1.
BackgroundPerianal abscesses and anal fistulas are common. The principle of intention-to-treat has not been considered in previous systemic reviews. Thus, the comparison between primary and post-recurrence management was confused, and the recommendation of primary treatment is obscure. The current study aims to identify the optimal initial treatment for pediatric patients.MethodsUsing PRISMA guidelines, studies were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar without any language or study design restriction. The inclusion criteria include original articles or articles with original data, studies of management for a perianal abscess with or without anal fistula, and patient age of <18 years. Patients with local malignancy, Crohn's disease, or other underlying predisposing conditions were excluded. Studies without analyzing recurrence, case series of <5, and irrelevant articles were excluded in the screening stage. Of the 124 screened articles, 14 articles had no full texts or detailed information. Articles written in a language other than English or Mandarin were translated by Google Translation first and confirmed with native speakers. After the eligibility process, studies that compared identified primary managements were then included in the qualitative synthesis.ResultsThirty-one studies involving 2507 pediatric patients met the inclusion criteria. The study design consisted of two prospective case series of 47 patients and retrospective cohort studies. No randomized control trials were identified. Meta-analyses for recurrence after initial management were performed with a random-effects model. Conservative treatment and drainage revealed no difference (Odds ratio [OR], 1.222; 95% Confidential interval [CI]: 0.615–2.427, p = 0.567). Conservative management had a higher risk of recurrence than surgery without statistical significance (OR 0.278, 95% CI: 0.109–0.707, p = 0.007). Compared with incision/drainage, surgery can prevent recurrence remarkably (OR 4.360, 95% CI: 1.761–10.792, p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis of different approaches within conservative treatment and operation was not performed for lacking information.ConclusionStrong recommendations cannot be made due to the lack of prospective or randomized controlled studies. However, the current study based on real primary management supports initial surgical intervention for pediatric patients with perianal abscesses and anal fistula to prevent recurrence.Level of evidenceType of study: Systemic review; Evidence level: Level II.  相似文献   
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目的 探讨影响山东省发热伴血小板减少综合征(SFTS)发病的危险因素,为科学防制该病提供依据。方法 应用1∶2匹配的病例对照研究方法,调查收集病例、对照的基本情况、可疑暴露因素等信息,采用单因素和多因素的配对条件logistic回归分析发病危险因素。结果 本研究共纳入374例SFTS确诊病例和748例对照。分析结果显示,有病例接触史(OR = 5.84,95%CI:1.11~30.88)、有家养动物(OR = 1.74,95%CI: 1.02~2.96)、近1个月见过蜱(OR = 5.85,95%CI: 2.73~12.53)、近2周有蜱叮咬史(OR = 29.58,95%CI: 6.70~130.60)、从事田间作业(OR = 2.63,95%CI:1.41~4.91)、住宅周围环境有杂草/农作物/菜地(OR = 3.24,95%CI:1.74~6.05)和住宅卫生条件差(OR = 2.20,95%CI:1.32~3.66)是SFTS发病的危险因素(P<0.05),近1个月有亲邻发病(OR = 0.01,95%CI:0~0.03)、采取防护措施(OR = 0.21,95%CI:0.10~0.46)是SFTS发病的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 接触病例、饲养家养动物、蜱叮咬、无防护措施的野外作业及住宅周围环境卫生较差等是影响山东省SFTS发病的危险因素。应加强重点人群SFTS健康教育和行为干预,减少危险因素暴露,以控制SFTS传播。  相似文献   
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【摘要】 目的:通过系统评价的方法分析腰椎手术患者术后症状性硬膜外血肿(postoperative symptomatic epid-ural hematoma,PSEH)发生的相关危险因素。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、CBM、CNKI、万方和维普数据库,搜集有关腰椎手术患者术后发生PSEH危险因素的病例-对照研究和队列研究,检索时限均为建库至2022年3月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取纳入研究的基本信息、基线特征及PSEH相关的危险因素,如手术时间、术中出血量、抗凝治疗等所关注的结局指标和结果测量数据。评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入17项研究,包括14项病例-对照研究和3项队列研究,共132363例患者,发生症状性硬膜外血肿525例。16篇文献的质量评分均≥6分,仅1篇文献质量评分为5分。Meta分析结果显示,年龄≥65岁[比值比(odds ratio,OR)=3.36,95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)(2.13,5.30),P<0.00001]、术前血小板计数[OR=1.89,95%CI(1.31,2.71),P=0.0006]、合并高血压[OR=1.50,95%CI(1.22,1.85),P=0.0001]、止血材料使用[OR=2.91,95%CI(1.93,4.39),P<0.00001]、凝血障碍[OR=6.95,95%CI(1.76,27.43),P=0.006]、翻修手术[OR=5.87,95%CI(3.77,9.12),P<0.00001]、手术时间>2h[OR=3.52,95%CI(1.84,6.71),P=0.0001]、术中出血量≥600ml[OR=3.77,95%CI(1.31,10.89),P=0.01]、冰冻血浆输注[OR=8.13,95%CI(4.46,14.81),P<0.00001]及多节段手术[OR=1.98,95%CI(1.54,2.56),P<0.00001]是腰椎术后患者PSEH发生的危险因素。结论:当前证据表明,年龄≥65岁、术前血小板降低、合并高血压、止血材料使用、凝血障碍、翻修手术、手术时间>2h、术中出血量≥600ml、冰冻血浆输注及多节段手术为腰椎术后患者PSEH发生的危险因素。对具有以上危险因素的高危患者应高度关注及早期干预,以降低PSEH的发生率,改善患者临床预后。  相似文献   
5.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has emerged as the most common liver disorder worldwide mainly attributed to the epidemic spread of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Although it is considered a benign disease,NAFLD can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Most data regarding the epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC are derived from cohort and population studies and show that its incidence is increasing as well as it is likely to emerge as the leading indication for liver transplantation,especially in the Western World.Although cirrhosis constitutes the main risk factor for HCC development,in patients with NAFLD,HCC can arise in the absence of cirrhosis,indicating specific carcinogenic molecular pathways.Since NAFLD as an underlying liver disease for HCC is often underdiagnosed due to lack of sufficient surveillance in this population,NAFLDHCC patients are at advanced HCC stage at the time of diagnosis making the management of those patients clinically challenging and affecting their prognostic outcomes.In this current review,we summarize the latest literature on the epidemiology,other than liver cirrhosis-pathogenesis,risk factors and prognosis of NAFLD-HCC patients.Finally,we emphasize the prevention of the development of NAFLD-associated HCC and we provide some insight into the open questions and issues regarding the appropriate surveillance policies for those patients.  相似文献   
6.
目的 对中国人群肝癌发病危险因素的病例对照研究进行综合定量分析,为肝癌的防控和卫生决策提供理论依据。方法 系统地检索Pubmed、中国知网、万方数据库、中国医院知识仓库发表的中国人群肝癌影响因素的病例对照研究,检索自数据库建立到2021年5月1日的所有中英文文献。用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评价文献质量,用R 4.0.2软件进行meta分析。结果 共检索文献1799篇,根据纳入与排除标准筛选,最终有53篇病例-对照研究纳入系统评价。meta分析结果显示,肝癌的危险因素按照其关联性由强到弱依次为:HBV感染、肝病史、精神因素、HCV感染、癌症家族史、糖尿病、食用霉变食物、饮酒、吸烟、饮用不洁水源,合并 OR值最高为9.79(95%CI:7.93~11.65),最低为1.32(95%CI:1.08~1.56)。饮茶为保护因素,合并OR值为0.28(95%CI:0.17~0.39)。敏感性分析、发表偏倚检验与剪补法分析结果显示,本研究纳入的文献整体上敏感性低,发表偏倚控制较好。结论 病毒感染、肝病史、饮酒等不健康生活方式为我国人群肝癌发病的危险因素,饮茶为保护因素。建议积极接种乙肝疫苗,改变不良饮食习惯和生活方式,加强肝癌的早预防、早发现、早诊断、早治疗。  相似文献   
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Background: Nanotechnology is receiving greater attention these days as a result of its applications in numerous industrial, medical, and environmental fields. Objective: To synthesize silver nanoparticles with a green alga, Cladophora glomerata, and determine their inhibitory activity against tumor cell (MCF-7) and transgenic mouse cell (L20B) lines. Materials and Methods: Methanol extract was prepared from Cladophora glomerata and used as a safe factory for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). UV-visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and EDX analyses were used to characterize the biosynthesized AgNPs. The anti-tumor activity of the phycosynthesized AgNPs was tested against the MCF-7 and L20B cell lines. Furthermore, the bioactive compounds in the algal extract were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Results: The phycosynthesis produced clusters of spherical and polydispersed cuboidal pure AgNPs with an average size of 32 nm. The phycosynthesized AgNPs possess anti-cancer and anti-tumor activities on the MCF-7 and L20B cell lines, with significant anti-proliferation percentages of 52.8 and 65.8%, respectively, after 48 hours of treatment with 100 μg/ml AgNPs. Both treated cell lines showed a significant change in cellular shape and tissue detachment. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of a high proportion of octadecanoic acid (47.59%) and hexadecanoic acid (14.97%). Conclusion: Cladophora glomerata contains chemicals that improve the stabilization and reduction properties of the nanoparticles. It can be used as a safe, local, and natural source for the synthesis of AgNPs and can also be used as a benign factory for many other metal nanoparticles. The phycosynthesized AgNPs have anti-cancer and anti-tumor activities on the test cell lines and provide an insight into the potential for using them as a trend in cancer nanotherapy.  相似文献   
10.
目的构建预测极早产儿住院期间死亡风险的列线图模型。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年12月郑州大学第三附属医院新生儿科收治的极早产儿1714例的临床资料。按7:3比率将1714例极早产儿随机分为训练队列(1179例)和验证队列(535例),通过logistic回归分析筛选独立预测因子并建立列线图模型,并由验证集评估列线图预测模型的可行性。最后,分别采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)、校准曲线和决策曲线分析对模型的鉴别能力、准确性和临床实用性进行评估。结果1714例极早产儿中,住院期间死亡260例,存活1454例。对训练集进行多因素logistic回归分析后筛选出胎龄<28周、出生体重<1000g、重度窒息、重度脑室内出血(intraventricular hemorrhage,IVH)、Ⅲ~Ⅳ级新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome,RDS)、败血症、剖宫产、孕母产前使用糖皮质激素等8个变量建立列线图预测模型。训练队列中列线图模型预测极早产儿住院期间死亡发生的AUC为0.790(95%CI:0.751~0.828),验证队列中列线图模型预测极早产儿住院期间死亡发生的AUC为0.808(95%CI:0.754~0.861)。Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示出较好的拟合度(P>0.05)。决策曲线分析显示当训练队列和验证队列的阈值概率分别为10%~60%和10%~70%时对极早产儿进行临床干预具有较高的净收益。结论构建并验证了预测极早产儿住院期间死亡风险的预测模型,可帮助临床医生预测极早产儿住院期间的死亡概率。  相似文献   
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