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1.
目的:比较手工清洗法和机械清洗法在腹腔镜手术器械清洗和灭菌中的应用价值。方法:选取2019年6月~2020年12月本院消毒供应中心接收并进行清洗、灭菌处理的腹腔镜手术器械5283件,根据其清洗、灭菌方法分为观察组和对照组,观察组包括2636件腔镜手术器械,对照组包括2647件腔镜手术器械。对照组2647件腹腔镜手术器械使用手工清洗法进行清洗和灭菌,观察组2636件腹腔镜手术器械使用机械清洗法进行清洗和灭菌。结果:观察组腹腔镜手术器械的清洗质量合格率和灭菌质量合格率均显著高于对照组,P<0.05,比较差异有统计学意义。医护人员对观察组的腹腔镜手术器械的满意度评分显著高于对照组,P<0.05,比较差异有统计学意义。结论:相比手工清洗法,机械清洗法能够显著提高腹腔镜手术器械的清洗和灭菌质量,从而显著提高其清洗质量合格率和灭菌质量合格率。  相似文献   
2.
凌攀  凌维  王晓凤 《现代预防医学》2022,(18):3305-3309
目的 分析2014—2021年四川省放射性职业健康体检中从事放射性工作人员的外周血淋巴细胞微核率情况,为今后职业健康防护提供依据。方法 收集2014—2021年从事放射工作人员的健康体检资料为放射组,相应年份的非放射工作人群为对照组,对其外周血淋巴细胞微核率进行分析,并对异常增高者(>4‰)的暴露工龄、工种及停止暴露年限采用t检验、u检验、方差检验及χ2检验等检验方法进行比较。结果 放射组与对照组外周血淋巴细胞微核率总体分布差异有统计学意义(u = 2.348,P = 0.019),放射组2014—2019年外周血淋巴细胞微核率均值有缓慢下降趋势,2020—2021年有较明显增高(2020—2019年间k - w检验h = 3.961,P = 0.002),而对照组呈波动性呈不规则变化;各年度放射组异常增高人数占比与对照组异常增高人数占比差异均有统计学意义(合计值χ2 = 51.425,P<0.001);而根据工种的不同,放射医学组与非放射医学组微核率差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 194.524,P<0.001),核医学组与放射治疗组微核率差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 47.778,P<0.001),介入治疗组与放射治疗组微核率差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 25.565,P<0.001);涉核部队暴露工龄接近,停止暴露年限小于10年和大于40年异常增高所占比例分别与另外4个区间之和差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 17.146,P<0.001;χ2 = 6.977,P = 0.008)。结论 四川省从放人员微核异常率近两年呈增高趋势,特别是介入治疗和核医学工作人员的占比明显,建议加强放射工作人员的健康防护。  相似文献   
3.
4.
《Radiography》2022,28(2):353-359
Patient contact shielding has been in use for many years in radiology departments in order to reduce the effects and risks of ionising radiation on certain organs. New technologies in projection imaging and CT scanning such as digital receptors and automatic exposure control (AEC) systems have reduced doses and improved image consistency. These changes and a greater understanding of both the benefits and the risks from the use of shielding have led to a review of shielding use in radiology. A number of professional bodies have already issued guidance in this regard. This paper represents the current consensus view of the main bodies involved in radiation safety and imaging in Europe: European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics, European Federation of Radiographer Societies, European Society of Radiology, European Society of Paediatric Radiology, EuroSafe Imaging, European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS), and European Academy of DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology (EADMFR). It is based on the expert recommendations of the Gonad and Patient Shielding (GAPS) Group formed with the purpose of developing consensus in this area. The recommendations are intended to be clear and easy to use. They are intended as guidance, and they are developed using a multidisciplinary team approach. It is recognised that regulations, custom and practice vary widely on the use of patient shielding in Europe and it is hoped that these recommendations will inform a change management program that will benefit patients and staff.  相似文献   
5.
Involuntary sterilization is a violation of human rights and grounds for asylum in the United States. Forensic medical evaluations can be useful in documenting this form of persecution and supporting asylees’ claims for immigration relief. We conducted a retrospective case analysis of the personal and medical affidavits of 14 asylum-seeking women from four Latin America countries who all reported they had been involuntarily sterilized. Sixty-four percent said that “consent” was coerced; the remainder were unaware of having been sterilized at the time of the procedure. In all cases, findings on hysterosalpingogram were consistent with sterilization, revealing that all 14 had undergone a tubal ligation. Eighty-six percent of the women had been sterilized at the time of childbirth. The healthcare providers involved in the 14 cases failed to obtain informed consent, misled patients about sterilization, engaged in discriminatory behavior, and/or breached patient confidentiality regarding their HIV-status. All 14 asylum cases were defensive; of the 7 cases (50%) that have been decided to date, 100% have been granted asylum.  相似文献   
6.
目的 探讨吲哚菁绿(ICG)的光热治疗(PTT)性能及对耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌的杀灭效果。方法 利用紫外和荧光光谱对ICG的光物理性质进行表征;测定不同质量浓度ICG(0、12.5、25、50、100和200 mg/L)的光热升温曲线,评估ICG的光热转化性能;取小鼠乳腺癌4T1细胞与不同质量浓度的ICG溶液(0、50、100、200和500 mg/L)混合,通过MTT实验检测ICG的细胞毒性;取1×1010 CFU/mL的耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌加入到96孔板中,将实验分为7组:PBS组、ICG组(500 mg/L)、激光照射组(1.5 W/cm2的808 nm激光照射10 min)、ICG+0.33 W/cm2激光照射组、ICG+0.66 W/cm2激光照射组、ICG+1 W/cm2激光照射组、ICG+1.5 W/cm2激光照射组,观察并记录存活的菌落数,分析基于ICG的PTT杀菌效果。结果 紫外吸收光谱证实ICG在808 nm处具有较强的光吸收能力;ICG溶液(质量浓度为200 mg/L)经功率密度为1.5 W/cm2的808 nm近红外激光照射10 min后,温度可升高23.3 ℃,而纯水的温度仅升高了4.8 ℃。ICG不同质量浓度组即50、100、200、500 mg/L组的细胞生存率分别为81.87%±2.69%、81.47%±2.94%、82.92%±2.61%、80.44%±2.98%,组间差异无统计学意义(F=0.402,P>0.05)。不同功率密度激光照射组即0.33、0.66、1、1.5 W/cm2组的细胞生存率分别为97.21%±1.59%、94.92%±1.98%、93.89%±1.38%、93.03%±2.31%,组间差异无统计学意义(F=2.864,P>0.05)。杀菌实验中,与PBS组比较,ICG+激光照射组随着激光功率密度的升高,细菌存活数量逐渐下降,差异有统计学意义(F=133.800,P<0.01)。结论 ICG具有良好的生物相容性和光热治疗性能,在近红外激光照射下对耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌具有较强的杀灭效果,具有较好的临床转化应用价值。  相似文献   
7.
目的 采用响应面法优选三七生药粉乙醇灭菌工艺,考察不同灭菌方式对三七生药粉灭菌效果及质量的影响。方法 以人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1及三七皂苷R1含量,皂苷总量和灭菌率的综合评分为指标,乙醇体积分数、乙醇用量、灭菌时间、干燥温度为因素,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化三七乙醇灭菌工艺;分别对比湿热灭菌、辐照灭菌、干热灭菌和乙醇灭菌法对三七生药粉灭菌效果和质量的影响。结果 最佳灭菌工艺为乙醇体积分数74%、乙醇用量26%、灭菌时间2.2 h、干燥温度75 ℃;对比灭菌前后三七粉的质量,湿热灭菌和干热灭菌后三七中皂苷含量显著降低,其中湿热灭菌后皂苷含量已不符合《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版标准。指纹图谱显示,乙醇灭菌与生药材相似度较高,表明乙醇灭菌对三七影响不大。结论 乙醇灭菌法与其他灭菌方法相比,可在较低温度、更短时间、更加安全地得到符合规定的三七生药粉,且优选得到的灭菌工艺稳定可行、重复性好,可为其后续工艺开发和工业化生产提供参考。  相似文献   
8.
Objective miR-663 a has been reported to be downregulated by X-ray irradiation and participates in radiation-induced bystander effect via TGF-β1. The goal of this study was to explore the role of mi R-663 a during radiation-induced Epithelium-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT).Methods TGF-β1 or IR was used to induce EMT. After mi R-663 a transfection, cell migration and cell morphological changes were detected and the expression levels of mi R-663 a, TGF-β1, and EMT-related factors were quantified.R...  相似文献   
9.
《Cancer radiothérapie》2022,26(4):611-615
In order to provide more convenient irradiation regimens for patient comfort, radiation facility organization and health expenses, new hypofractionated protocols have been evaluated. Moderately (dose/fraction: 2.3 to 3 Gy), then ultra (dose/fraction: 5.2 to 6.1 Gy) hypofractionated irradiations were first validated. The current question is: is it possible to go forward using extreme hypofractionated regimens (EHR) based on 1 to 3 fractions. Different irradiation techniques are under investigation. However, brachytherapy remains the smartest way to deliver a high dose in a small volume. We report prospective and retrospective study results which evaluated EHR for breast and prostate brachytherapy. While oncological outcome and toxicity profile appear extremely encouraging for low-risk breast cancer after a 1 to 4 fractions (6.25 to 20 Gy/fraction), the use of a single fraction of 19 to 23 Gy appears debatable for prostate cancer. Brachytherapy represents an emblematic example of EHR but longer follow-up and more mature results are awaited in order to specify the right indications and refine the EQD2 calculation method including new biological and technical factors.  相似文献   
10.
The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of manufacturing thin real-time relative dosimeters for clinical radiotherapy (RT) with potential applications for transmission monitoring in vivo dosimetry and pre-treatment dose verifications. Thin (≈1 μm) layers of a high sensitivity, wide bandgap semiconductor, the inorganic perovskite CsPbCl3, have been grown for the first time by magnetron sputtering on plastic substrates equipped with electrode arrays. Prototype devices have been tested in real-time configuration to evaluate the dose delivered by a 6 MV photon beam from a linear accelerator. Linearity of the charge with the dose has been verified over three order of magnitudes, linearity of the current signal with the dose rate has been also successfully tested in the range 0.5-4.3 Gy/min. The combination of high sensitivity per unit volume and wide bandgap provides high signal-to-noise ratios, up to 70, even at moderate applied voltages. The Schottky diode configuration allows the detector to operate without bias voltage (null bias).The blocking-barrier structure allows to confine the active volume within sub-millimetric sizes, a quite attractive feature in view to increase granularity and achieve the high spatial resolutions required in modern RT techniques. All the above-mentioned features indeed pave the way to a novel generation of flexible, transmission, real time dosimeters for clinical radiotherapy.  相似文献   
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