The economic case for well-considered investment in health-related employment support: Costs and savings of alternative modified Individual and Placement Support (IPS) models

Background

Health-related unemployment is a major issue across advanced economies. Modified versions of well-evidenced Individual Placement and Support (IPS) models of employment support for health cohorts offer considerable potential. A significant gap currently however is the lack of evidence around their financial return on investment.

Explaining differences in perceived health-related quality of life: a study within the Spanish population

Objective

To assess the burden of several determinants on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and to study its heterogeneity among the different Spanish regions.

The incidence of public sector hospitalisations due to dog bites in Australia 2001–2013

Objective : To estimate the incidence of dog bite‐related injuries requiring public sector hospitalisation in Australia during the period 2001–13. Methods : Summary data on public sector hospitalisations due to dog bite‐related injuries with an ICD 10‐AM W54.0 coding were sourced from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare for the study period 2001–2013. Results : In Australia, on average, 2,061 persons were hospitalised each year for treatment for dog bite injuries at an annual rate of 12.39 (95%CI 12.25–12.53) per 100,000 during 2001–13. The highest annual rates of 25.95 (95%CI 25.16–26.72) and 18.42 (95%CI 17.75–19.07) per 100,000 were for age groups 0–4 and 5–9 years respectively. Rates of recorded events increased over the study period and reached 16.15 (95%CI 15.78–16.52) per 100,000 during 2011–13. Conclusion : Dog bites are a largely unrecognised and growing public health problem in Australia. Implications for public health : There is an increasing public sector burden of hospitalisations for injuries from dog bites in Australia.     

转化医学对公共卫生科研组织模式的挑战

公共卫生转化研究重点不仅仅促进患者群体康复，更是促进全社会、全人群的健康。因此，它比临床医学的转化研究更复杂，需要更广泛的学科和部门参与。本文对公共卫生转化研究的内涵、特征，以及对科研组织模式创新提出的要求进行了剖析和展望。     

广东某村群体性不明原因疾病死亡事件调查分析

目的 调查某村连续4年发生的群体性不明原因疾病死亡的病因。方法 采用流行病学调查和现场采集样品检测的方法，综合分析，寻找原因。结果调查结果分析提示某村先后14人24人次发生以抽搐为主要临床表现，并导致4人死亡，中毒可能性最大，而且，在发病(抽搐)后2个月的患者生物样品(血、尿液)中检出毒鼠强。数月后．公安部门抓获投毒犯王某。结论 善于独立思考和抓住问题实质分析是获得处理错综复杂的不明原因公共卫生事件成功的关键。     

SARS后的反思

SARS的肆虐暴露了我国公共卫生体制不健全和应对突发公共卫生事件能力的缺乏，更深层次地反映出我国的政治体制和经济体制的一些问题，文章从SARS对政治、经济、卫生领域产生的影响及其相互之间的关系进行反思，为今后我国的改革和社会的发展提出意见和看法。     

Subject health concepts and health-related quality of life--is there a correlation?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Patienten in Allgemeinpraxen sowie erwachsene und jugendliche Mitglieder von Sportvereinen wurden zu ihrem subjektiven Gesundheitskonzept, zur gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität und Gesundheitsbewertung von Alltagstätigkeiten befragt.Methoden Insgesamt 221 Personen (Response Rate: 84%) nahmen an der explorativen Studie teil.Ergebnisse Gesundheit wurde oft als höchster Wert im Leben oder normales Funktionieren von Körper und Geist oder vollständiges Wohlbefinden definiert. Neben Sport bewerteten sehr viele Befragte Schlaf und Freizeit als sehr wichtig für ihre Gesundheit. Einzelne Dimensionen der Lebensqualität korrelierten mit einer (negativen oder positiven) gesundheitsbezogenen Bewertung von Alltagstätigkeiten, z.B. der körperliche Status und die gesundheitsbezogenen Bewertung des Fernsehens. Innerhalb der einzelnen Stichproben wurden die Personen danach unterschieden, ob für sie ein bestimmtes Gesundheitskonzept (z.B. Wohlbefinden) von hoher subjektiver Bedeutung war oder nicht. Anschliessende multiple Regressionen zeigten, dass die Gesundheitsbewertung jeweils anderer Tätigkeiten mit der Lebensqualität assoziiert war, dieser Zusammenhang manchmal negativ, manchmal positiv war und insgesamt mehr Varianz in den Regressionsmodellen aufgeklärt wurde.Schlussfolgerungen Widersprüchliche Korrelationen zwischen der Bewertung von Alltagstätigkeiten, Gesundheitskonzept und Lebensqualität stellen einen linearen Zusammenhang von Gesundheitskonzept und Gesundheitshandeln in Frage. Die Förderung der Gesundheit sollte sich stärker noch als bisher am jeweiligen Lebenszusammenhang und individuellen Einstellungen orientieren.

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SummaryObjectives The aim of this study was to explore associations between lay concepts of health, quality of life and the health-related evaluation of daily activities.Methods A total of 221 persons (patients from general practice and adult as well as young members of sporting clubs) participated in the study (response rate: 84%).Results Health was often defined as highest value of life; normal functioning of body and soul and complete well-being. Many persons considered sports, sleeping and leisure time being highly important for their health. The single dimensions of quality of life were associated with some health-related evaluations of daily activities, e. g., bodily functioning and health-related evaluation of television. Dividing the sample into persons who did or did not consider a certain concept of health (e. g., well-being) to be highly important had the following consequences: The quality of life was associated with different evaluations of daily activities in different strata; this association was sometimes negative, sometimes positive in different strata; more variance was explained by dividing the sample into different strata.Conclusions The often contradictory associations between evaluation of everyday activities, lay concepts of health and quality of life should warn us not to think of health concepts and health actions in form of linear relations. Rather, health promotion should be more stronger oriented towards the individual's life conditions and his or her attitude to health.

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RésuméObjectifs Une enquête a été effectuée auprès de patients de cabinets de médecine générale et parmi des membres de clubs sportifs, jeunes et adultes sur le concept subjectif de la santé, la qualité de la vie et l'évaluation d'activités quotidiennes en ce qui concerne la santé.Méthodes Au total, 221 personnes (taux de réponses: 84%) ont pris part à cette étude prospective.Résultats La santé a souvent été définie comme valeur la plus importante dans la vie ou comme fonctionnement normal du corps et de l'esprit ou encore comme bien-être complet. Un grand nombre de personnes interrogées ont estimé qu'à côté du sport, le sommeil et les loisirs étaient très importants pour leur santé. Les dimensions individuelles de la qualité de la vie étaient en corrélation avec une évaluation des activités quotidiennes par rapport à la santé, par ex. l'état corporel et l'évaluation de la télévision par rapport à la santé. A l'intérieur de chaque échantillon on a fait la distinction entre les personnes pour qui un certain concept de santé (par ex. bien-être) avait une grande importance subjective ou non. Les régressions multiples suivantes ont montré que l'évaluation de la santé était associée à la qualité de la vie suivant des activités différentes, ce rapport était parfois négatif, parfois positif et que dans l'ensemble on a décelé plus de variance dans les modèles de régression.Conclusions Des corrélations contradictoires entre l'évaluation d'activités quotidiennes, le concept de santé et la qualité de la vie remettent en question le rapport linéaire entre le concept de santé et l'action de santé. La promotion de la santé devrait s'orienter encore plus fortement que jusqu'alors sur les conditions de vie individuelles et sur les points de vue respectifs.

     

French legal framework relating to human tissues and cells

Thousands of patients receive human tissue grafts every year. Developments in cell and tissue engineering have also increased considerably the number of available products of human origin. France has very strict regulations, in part stimulated by problems of public health and ethics that have emerged in recent years and also in part as a result of a report by the ‘Inspection Générale des Affaires Sociale’ on the removal and grafting of human tissues in May 1993. These have resulted in two laws on bio-ethics being passed, in July 1994, that are the basis of current legislation and represent the first steps in differentiating between organs and tissues or cells. Henceforth, the French legal framework covering tissues and cells of human origin has been increased to include a large number of legislative texts and regulations. The fundamental ethical principles that are consent, free donation, anonymity, no publicity and respect for public health have become a major ethical imperative that applies to all products originating from the human body including tissue and cells. In addition, specific provisions have been made covering: removal (conditions for removal and system for authorisation); conservation, transformation, distribution, packaging, import and export of tissues and cells; and tissue and cell grafts. Finally, penal and administrative sanctions have been foreseen where there is non-compliance with these regulations.     

抗击SARS费用问题的责任伦理学分析

“抗非”行动是一个社会综合行为，应遵循相关法律和技术规范，由国家承担最主要责任和大多数费用，并由国家强制力保证，动员全社会力量，群防群治。政府之责任并非为完全承担每一次突发公共事件的所有费用，而是促进社会建立一整套抗灾、救济、自助、复原和发展的体系，使社会自身力量能够全面发挥出来。由于我国现行法规体系、社会经济机制还很不健全，费用问题的处理将是一个长期和困难的过程。     

Recommendations for a safe restart of elective aerosol-generating oral surgery procedures following the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak: An Italian multicenter study

Among healthcare workers, oral and maxillofacial surgeons are some of the most exposed to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The aim of this retrospective study was to develop suggestions for continuing the work of oral and maxillofacial surgeons using a safe protocol for elective and urgent aerosol-generating procedures that could prevent the onset of new clusters.Based on the results obtained and a guidelines review of those Asian countries that had promptly managed the current pandemic, the following safety protocol was developed: