The burden of herpes zoster disease in Norway

BackgroundNo national vaccination program against herpes zoster (HZ) is currently in place in Norway. We aimed to quantify the burden of medically attended HZ to assess the need for a vaccination program.MethodsWe linked data from several health registries to identify medically attended HZ cases during 2008–2014 and HZ-associated deaths during1996–2012 in the entire population of Norway. We calculated HZ incidences for primary and hospital care by age, sex, type of health encounter, vaccination status, and co-morbidities among hospital patients. We also estimated HZ-associated mortality and case-fatality.ResultsThe study included 82,064 HZ patients, of whom none were reported as vaccinated against HZ. The crude annual incidence of HZ was 227.1 cases per 100,000 in primary healthcare and 24.8 cases per 100,000 in hospitals. Incidence rates were higher in adults aged ≥50 years (461 per 100,000 in primary care and 57 per 100,000 in hospitals), and women than in men both in primary healthcare (267 vs 188 per 100,000), and hospitals (28 vs 22 per 100,000). Among hospital patients, 47% had complicated zoster and 25% had comorbidities, according to the Charlson comorbidity index. The duration of hospital stay (median 4 days) increased with the severity of comorbidities. The estimated mortality rate was 0.18 per 100,000; and in-hospital case-fatality rate was 1.04%.ConclusionsMedically attended HZ poses a substantial burden in the Norwegian healthcare sector. The majority of the zoster cases occurred among adults aged ≥50 years – the group eligible for zoster vaccination – and increased use of zoster vaccination may be warranted, especially among persons with co-morbidities.     

达克罗宁胶浆在手术患者留置导尿中的应用观察

目的探讨采用盐酸达克罗宁胶浆作为润滑剂留置导尿管的效果。方法将846例全麻手术患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组423例。观察组在放置留置尿管时采用了盐酸达克罗宁胶浆作为润滑剂放置尿管,对照组采用医用硅油作为润滑剂放置尿管。观察两组全麻手术患者术后复苏过程中因留置导尿管致尿道疼痛等不适的效果比较。结果观察组与对照组在复苏过程中的合作程度及术后尿道疼痛两方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用盐酸达克罗宁胶浆作为润滑剂放置尿管对减轻全麻手术患者术后复苏过程中的合作程度及术后尿道疼痛不适感效果明显。     

Psychometric properties of the Chinese Behavior Problems Inventory-01 in children and adolescents with or at risk for intellectual disabilities

As the world's most populous country, China is likely to have the highest number of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) in the world. As many people with ID are susceptible to serious and persistent behavior problems, research by Chinese scientists on this public health issue is needed. However, there are only very few reliable Chinese-language behavior assessment instruments for problem behaviors. To fill this gap we translated the Behavior Problems Inventory-01 (BPI-01; Rojahn, Matson, Lott, Esbensen, & Smalls, 2001) into Chinese. The BPI-01 is an informant-based behavior rating instrument that was designed to assess self-injurious behavior (SIB), stereotyped behavior, and aggressive/destructive behavior in individuals with ID. We then assessed the behavior of 222 children and young adults (age range 1.5–21.5 years) with or at risk for ID from three special needs service programs in mainland China. Teachers or staff members, respectively, served as respondents. The Chinese version of the BPI-01 showed good reliability (internal consistency) and good factor validity tested by confirmatory factorial analysis. We conclude that the Chinese version of the BPI-01 can be used for research and clinical evaluation of Chinese children and adolescents with ID.     

垫江县基层卫生工作存在的问题及建议

医改,政府在围绕解决人民群众看病难、看病贵等方面做了大量的工作。但一些如绩效工资分配不合理、医保报账定额限制、医技人员缺乏、医疗机构城乡布点不均、临床医疗与公共卫生信息不能共享等问题,在基层越发突出,一定程度更加重了群众“看病难”和基层医疗机构的发展。提出绩效工资分配政策,适度向基层医疗机构倾斜,稳定基层队伍;提高基层医疗机构医保报账分配额度和病人报销比例,引导病人分级诊疗、科学就医;加强医技人才培训和引进,不断提高基层医疗卫生机构的服务能力;加大财政投入力度,进一步完善基层医疗服务条件等建议。