缩短全口义齿修复患者平均椅旁治疗浪费时间

目的缩短全口义齿修复患者平均椅旁治疗浪费时间，提高工作质量和效率。方法按照问题解决型品管圈活动步骤进行问题改进，改进措施包括专项学习个别托盘制作、全数字化流程制作支架、改善基础设施、加强培训等。结果全口义齿修复患者平均椅旁治疗浪费时间从113 min缩短至28 min，提高了工作效率，提升了圈员能力。结论品管圈作为一项有效的质量管理工具，其应用可以缩短全口义齿修复患者平均椅旁治疗浪费时间，值得推广。     

加拿大问题赌博指数中文版的效度和信度

目的:评估加拿大问题赌博指数中文版(CPGI-C)的效度和信度。方法:选取43例匿名戒赌会成员和202例正常成人为研究对象,将其随机分为两半,分别进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析;以赌博相关认知量表(GRCS-C)、Barratt冲动性人格问卷(BIS-11)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、网络成瘾量表修订版(CIAS-R)和DSM-IV多重反应问卷(DSM-IV-MR)作为效标工具;以受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估量表区分问题赌博者的特异度与灵敏度。2周后有5例匿名戒赌会成员和31例正常成人完成重测。结果:CPGI-C的问题赌博指数(PGSI)分量表共9个条目,探索性因子分析得出1个主成分因子,可解释总方差的74.3%;验证性因子分析显示,单因子结构模型的拟合指标良好(χ~2=2.087,CFI=0.926,TLI=0.963,GFI=0.926,IFI=0.978,NFI=0.958, RMSEA=0.094,SRMR=0.032);CPGI总分与各效标量表的总分均呈正相关(r=0.48～0.82,均P<0.001);ROC曲线下面积为0.962,划界分为9.5。CPGI-C的...     

The ENGAGE-2 study: Engaging self-regulation targets to understand the mechanisms of behavior change and improve mood and weight outcomes in a randomized controlled trial (Phase 2)

Despite evidence for effective integrated behavior therapy for treating comorbid obesity and depression, treatment response is highly variable and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain unknown. This hampers efforts to identify mechanistic targets in order to optimize treatment precision and potency. Funded within the NIH Science of Behavior Change (SOBC) Research Network, the 2-phased ENGAGE research project applies an experimental precision medicine approach to address this gap. The Phase 1 study focused on demonstrating technical feasibility, target engagement and potential neural mechanisms of responses to an integrated behavior therapy. This therapy combines a video-based behavioral weight loss program and problem-solving therapy for depression, with as-needed intensification of antidepressant medications, and its clinical effectiveness was demonstrated within a parent randomized clinical trial. Here, we describe the ENGAGE Phase 2 (ENGAGE-2) study protocol which builds on Phase 1 in 2 ways: (1) pilot testing of an motivational interviewing-enhanced, integrated behavior therapy in an independent, primarily minority patient sample, and (2) evaluation of a priori defined neural targets, specifically the negative affect (threat and sadness) circuits which demonstrated engagement and malleability in Phase 1, as mediators of therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, the Phase 2 study includes a conceptual and methodological extension to explore the role of microbiome-gut-brain and systemic immunological pathways in integrated behavioral treatment of obesity and depression. This protocol paper documents the conceptualization, design and the transdisciplinary methodologies in ENGAGE-2, which can inform future clinical and translational research in experimental precision medicine for behavior change and chronic disease management.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT 03,841,682.     

Building immunization decision-making capacity within the World Health Organization European Region

A National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) is a multi-disciplinary body of national experts that provides evidence-based recommendations to policy-makers, assisting them in making sound immunization policy and programme decisions. The World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe is working to strengthen the capacity of newly-established NITAGs and has targeted efforts on low- and middle-income countries. The Regional Office, in collaboration with WHO Headquarters and USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), developed a new training strategy and held training workshops to improve NITAGs’ functioning and ability to make evidence-based recommendations. Feedback from countries that participated in trainings indicated that the updated training materials and interactive approach with follow-up technical support enabled them to align their NITAG charters and processes with WHO recommendations. To ensure continued progress, global and regional partners such as WHO and CDC should continue providing technical support to recently established NITAGs.     

中医针灸标准化关键问题研究

针对中医标准化理论方法不足、共性技术缺乏、评价体系缺失等关键性问题,开展了中医标准化理论与方法学的研究,在理论方面,提出了中医标准化发展战略,明确了国际中医针灸标准发展现状,构建了以标准研制为主体的针灸标准体系,提出中医标准化基本理论,厘清了标准化研究中几个重要的关系问题;在方法技术方面,提出了"三证合一"的指南制定方法并得到应用,提出了中医证据分级标准及证据集合方案,构建了标准适用性评价方法,总结了标准化人才培养方法;在中医药院校开设《中医药标准化导论》课程,提高了标准研制质量,推动了中医标准化发展,对中医标准研制起到了引领和示范作用。     

我国药品生产企业个例药品不良反应收集现状及其思考

分析我国药品生产企业个例药品不良反应监测能力不足、上报意识不强等现状,借鉴美国、欧盟药品生产企业收集个例药品不良反应方法和经验,探讨既符合我国法律法规要求,又适应国内药品生产企业实际情况,能够切实可行的提高生产企业个例药品不良反应收集水平的对策。     

EBL联合PBL综合教学法在急诊医学临床教学中的应用

目的 观察并分析以问题为基础（PBL）联合以循证医学为基础（EBL）教学法在急诊科临床教学中的应用效果及价值.方法 选取53名五年制临床专业实习生,应用PBL＋ EBL的联合教学法进行临床教学.教学结束后进行教学效果的问卷调查和理论考试,并与45名接受传统讲授教学法的实习生考试成绩进行比较.结果 PBL＋EBL联合教学法能够有效提高学生的学习兴趣、学习效率、自学能力、文献检索能力和分析解决问题的能力;77.4％的学生认为这种新的教学模式具有很好的教学价值;理论考试成绩的优秀率显著高于传统讲授教学组（41.5％vs15.6％,x2=7.868,P=0.007）.结论 PBL＋ EBL联合教学法能够克服传统教学的缺点,有效提高学生的学习兴趣、自学能力和教学质量,适合在临床教学中推广应用.     

奥马哈问题分类表在脑卒中住院患者评估中的应用

目的 探讨奥马哈问题分类表在脑卒中住院患者评估中的应用效果.方法 以奥马哈问题分类表为护理评估、诊断框架,对77例脑卒中住院患者进行评估、诊断,找出患者存在的主要护理问题并进行分析、归类.结果 77例患者共存在护理问题621个,平均每例患者存在8.06个;存在的护理问题65.21％属于生理领域,24.96％属于健康相关行为领域,8.70％属于心理社会领域,1.13％属于环境领域;发生率超过50％的护理问题是循环、神经-肌肉-骨骼功能、个人照顾、消化-水合和精神健康.结论 奥马哈问题分类表能全面评估脑卒中住院患者健康状况,发现患者的护理问题.进行适当的修改后,奥马哈问题分类表可用于脑卒中患者的临床护理评估.