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1.
目的:探讨家庭社会经济地位与青少年主观幸福感的关系及领悟社会支持和积极心理资本的中介作用。方法:采用家庭社会经济地位问卷、幸福感指数量表、领悟社会支持量表和积极心理资本问卷调查了932名青少年。结果:(1)家庭社会经济地位、领悟社会支持、积极心理资本和主观幸福感两两之间相关显著;(2)家庭社会经济地位对主观幸福感的直接效应不显著,但领悟社会支持、积极心理资本在家庭社会经济地位与主观幸福感之间的三条中介路径均显著。结论:为提升低家庭社会经济地位青少年主观幸福感,改善其领悟社会支持和积极心理资本水平是可实现的有效路径。  相似文献   
2.
The Covid-19 pandemic has stimulated new appraisals of how social cohesion, including neighborhood-level social capital, fosters resilience in the face of crisis. Several studies suggest better health outcomes in neighborhoods with higher level of social capital, in general and during the pandemic. Building on a growing body of research which suggests that those who live in close-knit neighborhoods have fared better during the pandemic, this article analyzes how social capital influences individual and collective perceptions and attitudes about the experiences of the Covid-19 pandemic in Tucumán, Argentina. To assess this question, we used a mixed-methods approach, combining focus groups, semi-structured interviews, and an online survey (n = 701 respondents) conducted in September 2021. We find widespread experiences of resilience in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, in spite of difficult socioeconomic conditions and perceived poor government performance. Results from logistic regression analysis indicate that perceptions of high neighborhood social capital are associated with more positive outcomes in many dimensions, including personal resilience, ability to cope with uncertainty, perceptions of community solidarity, and reported compliance with public health measures. We further argue that conceptualizations of social cohesion need to be adjusted to local or national-level cultural norms to accurately capture the experience of countries of the Global South.  相似文献   
3.
We aimed to study the rate of isoniazid (INH) resistance in Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis samples from a private care setting.A Line probe assay was performed on 74 culture isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or directly on extrapulmonary samples received in our laboratory from 2018 to 2021.The INH mono-resistance among these extrapulmonary samples was 6.7%. (5 among 74) (95% CI: 1.04%–12.48%) Resistance to rifampicin was not detected.Increasing the availability and leveraging public private partnerships in hospitals for universal testing for INH resistance may increase detection of INH monoresistance in EP-TB and improve the strategy for TB elimination.  相似文献   
4.
《Drug discovery today》2022,27(4):939-945
When examining the prices of new medicines, the question of how much the private and public sectors have contributed to their R&D is often raised. Contributions can be assessed in terms of the investment, authorship of publications, marketing authorizations and intellectual property rights associated with biopharmaceutical R&D. This review of the empirical evidence underlines the complementary and interwoven nature of the private and public sectors in supporting biopharmaceutical R&D. Both sectors invest in and contribute to biopharmaceutical R&D, with the public sector predominantly focusing on basic research and the private sector mainly targeting medicine discovery and development. Public-sector investment generates additional private-sector investment.  相似文献   
5.
目的调查探讨新时代大学生心理资本现状,对提升大学生心理资本提出对策。方法采用张阔等编制的积极心理资本问卷对559名大学生进行问卷调查。结果发现不同性别的新时代大学生在心理资本得分上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),男生在韧性、自信和心理资本方面得分高于女生(P<0.05);不同家庭情况的新时代大学生在心理资本得分上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),独生子女在自信方面的得分高于非独生子女(t=2.096,P<0.05),且在韧性、乐观、自信以及心理资本总体方面,民主型家庭培养的新时代大学生得分高于溺爱型家庭培养的新时代大学生(P<0.05);不同大学经历的新时代大学生在心理资本得分上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),担任过学生干部的新时代大学生在希望、乐观、自信及心理资本总体情况上得分高于未担任过学生干部的新时代大学生,获得过奖学金的新时代大学生在希望方面的得分高于未获得过奖学金的新时代大学生(t=2.363,P<0.05)。文科学生在自信、韧性和心理资本上的得分低于理科学生,工科学生在自信方面得分高于文科学生(P<0.05)。大学生在心理资本总体及其各因子的得分高低与学生的人际交往广泛程度成正比。结论从3个方面提出提升新时代大学生心理资本的方法,即社会加强男女平等教育,打破传统思想;家长在营造良好家庭氛围的同时,注重孩子的培养方式;学生丰富自身经历,打造超强心理资本。  相似文献   
6.

Purpose

The objective of the study was to define factors associated with adolescent and young adult (AYA) experiences with private time and having discussed confidentiality and the impact of these experiences on improving delivery of clinical preventive services.

Methods

In 2016, a nationally representative sample of 1,918 US AYAs (13- to 26-year-olds) was surveyed. Survey questionnaire domains were based on prior research and Fishers' information-motivation-behavior skills conceptual model. Data were weighted to represent US households with AYA and analyzed to identify factors independently associated with ever experiencing private time and discussions of confidentiality with a regular health-care provider (HCP). We examined the association of these experiences on AYA attitudes about health care.

Results

Fifty-five percent of female and 49% of male AYA reported ever having had private time with an HCP and 55% of female and 44% of male AYA had spoken to an HCP about confidentiality. Independent predictors of having experienced private time and confidentiality included older age, race, higher household income, gender of the provider, amount of years with the provider, and involvement in risk behaviors. AYA who had experienced private time and confidentiality discussions had more positive attitudes about their providers, were more willing and comfortable discussing sensitive topics, and thought that these discussions should happen at younger ages.

Conclusions

Although confidentiality and private time are important to AYA, many are not experiencing these components of care. Providing private time and discussions of confidentiality can improve the delivery of health care for young people by enhancing positive youth attitudes about preventive care.  相似文献   
7.
8.
BackgroundLacuna in contemporary Indian academic research highlights the need to investigate the component of social capital and health outcome among elderly individuals in Indian context. Study endeavors to investigate prevalence of health indicators: self-rated good health(SRH), functional limitation, depression and quality of life(QoL) and the illustrative effects of social capital on elderly health outcome and QoL.MethodsNationally representative cross-sectional data from WHO Study on global AGEing and adults health (SAGE) India 2007 is used. Individuals aged 50+ are included where logistic regression is used to estimate the effect of social capital along with other co-founders on SRH, functional limitation, and depression. Linear regression model is used to analyse evaluates the impact of social capital with other co-founders on QoL among elderly.ResultsThe multivariate analysis shows that SRH is associated with age, female, those having education, higher social-action with strong trust, safety and higher psychological resources. Depression among elderly is significantly related to age, gender, education level, higher wealth, strong sociability. QoL is inversaly related to age, gender, being muslim. A positive association of QoL is observed with higher education, having wealth, and strong social capital component like currently married, civic engagement, social-action, trust solidarity,and strong psychological resources.ConclusionThe paper presents evidence that social capital significantly associated with SRH, lower depression, better functional health and higher quality of life. Hench forth policy makers should construct social policy where elderly feel safe and trusty surrounding, that can involved them into main stream as a productive resource of society.  相似文献   
9.
[目的]了解不同类别社会资本(人际信任、社会支持、社会参与)对我国农村户籍老年人健康的影响及性别差异。[方法]基于2017-2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)数据对9068名60岁以上农村户籍老年人进行分析。[结果]社会参与(正式和非正式)和人际信任对农村户籍老年人健康状况的积极影响显著,有社会参与的农村户籍老年人健康状况差的可能性更低(OR非正式=0.850,95%CI:0.741-0.960;OR正式=0.794,95%CI:0.623-0.964),人际信任度高的农村户藉老年人健康状况差的可能性更低(OR=0.599,95%CI:0.486-0.713)。人际信任是影响男性和女性健康状况的共同因素,非正式社会参与对男性健康状况影响显著,但对女性健康状况影响差异不显著。[结论]人际信任与社会参与对农村户籍老年人健康状况有积极影响,但存在性别差异。在农村老年健康促进相关政策中应纳入对社会资本的考量,通过有效干预措施提升农村老年人健康有益的社会资本,保障并促进其身心健康。  相似文献   
10.
李月华 《全科护理》2022,20(6):735-739
目的:了解新入职护士转型冲击、心理资本与职场适应现状,分析三者之间的相关关系及心理资本在转型冲击与职场适应间的作用机制。方法:便利选取郑州市4所三级甲等医院2020年437名新入职护士作为研究对象,采用积极心理资本量表、新入职护士转型冲击评价量表及护士职场适应度量表进行调查。结果:437名新入职护士心理资本得分(81.65±19.49)分、转型冲击得分(98.80±16.54)分、职场适应得分(47.98±12.10)分。转型冲击与职场适应呈负相关(r=-0.604,P<0.01),与心理资本呈负相关(r=-0.585,P<0.01),心理资本与职场适应呈正相关(r=0.514,P<0.01)。心理资本在转型冲击与职场适应间的中介效应为0.231,占总效应的34.4%。结论:心理资本是新入职护士转型冲击与职场适应间的中介变量,临床管理者应关注并评估新入职护士心理资本,以便采取干预措施减少其转型冲击,进一步提高其职场适应水平。  相似文献   
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