HBsAg母婴传播的研究

对HBsAg(+)母亲所生婴幼儿,连续两年的动态观察,发现这些婴幼儿的感染绝大多数皆在出生3个月后,其感染频率与母亲HBsAg的滴度成正相关,表明母婴传播阻断应以HBsAg(+)母亲所生之子女为重点对象。     

新生儿出生信息样本分析

目的:了解和探讨新生儿出生信息的分布态势及规律。方法:对本院2006年1~6月间所有新生儿出生信息进行样本分析。结果:半年间分娩的新生儿共1075例,其中死亡19例,双胞胎15例,以1028例单胎活产新生儿的出生体重、胎龄及产妇年龄作为研究样本进行分析,统计数据与传统意义上的正常胎龄和新生儿体重基本相符,胎龄、体重均值均有所提高。结论:孕产妇的健康状况和新生儿的体质均有所改善,随胎龄的增加,新生儿出生体重亦随之增加,并且,目前新生儿的整体统计体重要大于现有的临床指标,因此,应对现有的临床指标进行适当调整,重新确定低出生体重儿和巨大儿的临床指标。     

Pharmacology of the internal anal sphincter and its relevance to faecal incontinence

1 The internal anal sphincter (IAS) has a spontaneous tone and is the main contributor to the maintenance of faecal continence. The spontaneous resting tone exhibited by the sphincter can be modified by neurotransmitters from the autonomic and enteric nervous systems. 2 In this review, the influence of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems on IAS tone are discussed and the putative roles of nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, vasoactive intestinal peptide and adenosine triphosphate in non‐adrenergic non‐cholinergic transmission are considered. 3 Faecal incontinence is a common condition that places a heavy financial burden on the health service and severely affects patients’ quality of life. Resting anal pressure is reduced in patients with faecal incontinence and agents that increase sphincter tone tend to relieve symptoms. The results of clinical studies of the use of phenylephrine to treat faecal incontinence are reviewed. 4 It is concluded that the IAS is a potential target for drug development for the treatment of faecal incontinence.     

Integrity of perforant path fibers and the frequency of action potential independent excitatory and inhibitory synaptic events in dentate gyrus granule cells.

Whole-cell voltage clamp recordings in 400 microns thick hippocampal slices revealed discrete excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents which persisted at synapses on granule cells following abolition of action potentials with 1 microM tetrodotoxin (TTX). The conductances associated with excitatory amino acid and GABAA receptor mediated events had mean peaks of 200 and 800 pS, and decayed monoexponentially with time constants of 5.6 and 5.3 ms. At a holding potential close to the normal resting membrane potential of granule cells (-80 to -90 mV), the frequency of glutamate/aspartate mediated spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) was decreased from 2.04 Hz in slices cut parallel to the plane of the perforant path to 0.87 Hz in slices cut in a plane that disrupted the distal perforant path fibres, suggesting that presynaptic integrity influences the rate of action potential independent neurotransmitter release. The orientation of the slicing had no effect on the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs).     

新闻传播与公共关系

公共关系与新闻传播紧密相连 ,有什么样的新闻传播 ,就有什么样的公共关系。公共关系的活动过程 ,主要就是一个组织与公众之间进行信息传播和沟通的过程。能否有效地利用各种新闻传播媒介 ,造就有利的舆论环境 ,是能否成功地组织开展各类公共关系活动的关键     

Transmission of Syphilis by Solid Organ Transplantation

Two organ recipients developed serologic evidence of syphilis infection after renal transplantation from a common deceased donor with a history of treated syphilis. Testing of donor serum for syphilis, which occurred after transplantation, gave results interpreted as consistent with past infection. However, subsequent serologic results in the recipients suggested transmission of infection at transplantation due to active infection of the donor. This may be explained by recent donor re-infection in view of the current syphilis epidemic in the United Kingdom. An initial error in the treatment of recipients further served to highlight unfamiliarity in managing this resurgent infection in the context of organ transplantation.     

须恙螨作为肾综合征出血热宿主的初步调查及实验研究

通过本次流行病学调查和实验研究，发现须恙螨主要分布于肾综合征出血热流行区，其地理分布与疫区的病例分布基本一致。主要传染源黑线姬鼠鼠体带螨指数为２５．１；从鼠肺抗原阳性鼠体所采集的须恙螨幼虫和小黑板采集经叮刺吸食已感染本病病毒的小白鼠乳鼠体液后的游离螨幼虫，分别分离到１株病毒，证明须恙螨具备传播媒介的先决条件。     

Functional role and histological demonstration of nitric-oxide-mediated inhibitory nerves in dog sphincter of Oddi

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important physiological role in regulating gastrointestinal motility. Involvement of endogenous NO was evaluated in the response to non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) nerve stimulation of the dog sphincter muscle of Oddi. Transmural electrical stimulation (TES), nicotine (10^?5M) and K⁺ (10 mM) produced only a relaxation in the sphincter muscle strips contracted with substance P, which was not potentiated by atropine. The TES-induced relaxation was abolished by tetrodotoxin (3 times 10^?7 M) and oxyhaemoglobin (1.6 times 10^?5 M), but not affected by atropine (10^?7 M), propranolol (10^?7 M), phentolamine (10^?7 M), indomethacin (10^?6 M), chole-cystokinin (CCK, 10^?8 M) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP, 10^?8 M). The relaxation was also abolished by treatment with N^G-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA, 10^?5 M), an NO synthase inhibitor. Nicotine produced a transient relaxation, which was abolished by tetrodotoxin, hexamethonium (10^?5 M) and L-NA, but not affected by atropine and N^G-nitro-D-arginine (D-NA, 10^?5 M). The addition of K⁺ elicited a transient relaxation, which was abolished by tetrodotoxin and L-NA. The inhibitory effects of L-NA were antagonized by L-arginine (10^?3 M). The presence of neurons containing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase was histochemically demonstrated in the sphincter of Oddi. These findings may indicate that TES, nicotine and K⁺ liberate NO from NANC inhibitory nerve which is involved in the relaxation of the dog sphincter of Oddi. The muscular tone does not seem to be regulated by cholinergic nerves under the experimental conditions used.     

Age-related Changes in Excitability and Recurrent Inhibition in the Rat CA1 Hippocampal Region

In hippocampal slices from male Wistar rats aged 1–34 months, we recorded the synaptic field potential responses of the CA1 neurons to stimulation of Schaffer collaterals. Eight electrophysiological indexes were extracted from input/output curves and compared in 11 age groups from 1 to 30 months. Neuronal excitability presented a U-shaped curve of development with a minimum at ˜7–8 months of age. There was a significant continuous increase in neuronal excitability, i.e. a decrease in excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) producing both the threshold and half-maximal population spike from middle age (8–10 months) to senescence (30 months). Synaptic efficiency also increased in old rats to reach a maximum during senescence, i.e. both the current for threshold EPSP and that for half-maximal EPSP reached a minimum in senescence, although the earlier developmental patterns of these two indexes were non-linear. The duration of the field EPSP elicited with maximal stimulation presented an abrupt decay after the first month. Aged animals presented a relatively small maximal population spike. Recurrent inhibition was most prominent on neuronal excitability rather than synaptic strength. Measured as the percentage change in the half-maximal EPSP and half-maximal population spike, recurrent inhibition was found to decrease during the first 7–10 months of life and remained small in later development.