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1.
This is a prospective cohort study using population‐level administrative data to describe the scope of pressure ulcers in terms of its prevalence, incidence risk, associating factors and the extent to which best practices were applied across a spectrum of health care settings. The data for this study includes the information of Ontario residents who were admitted to acute care, home care, long term care or continuing care and whose health care data is contained in the resident assessment instrument‐minimum data set (RAI‐MDS) and the health outcomes for better information and care (HOBIC) database from 2010 to 2013. The analysis included 203 035 unique patients. The overall prevalence of pressure ulcers was approximately 13% and highest in the complex continuing care setting. Over 25% of pressure ulcers in long‐term care developed one week after discharge from acute care hospitalisation. Individuals with cardiovascular disease, dementia, bed mobility problems, bowel incontinence, end‐stage diseases, daily pain, weight loss and shortness of breath were more likely to develop pressure ulcers. While there were a number of evidence‐based interventions implemented to treat pressure ulcers, only half of the patients received nutritional interventions.  相似文献   
2.
目的 了解锡林浩特市18岁以上居民高血压的患病情况及危险因素,为防治高血压提供科学依据.方法 采用现况调查的方法,多阶段按比例随机抽样法抽取锡林浩特市18岁以上居民2411人进行面对面的问卷调查和体格检查.结果 在2411人中,测量血压异常率为32.7% (789/2411),高血压患病率为23.7%(572/2411),其中,男性患病率为21.5%,女性患病率为25.3%,男女患病率差异有统计学意义(x2=4.799,P<0.05);高血压患病率随年龄的增长逐渐上升(x2=373.107,P<0.01);高血压患病率随体重指数(BMI)的增加呈升高趋势,不同BMI人群高血压的患病率差异有高度统计学意义(x2=123.362,P<0.01).经多因素分析显示,研究人群高血压患病率与年龄(OR=1.086)、家族史(OR=3.930)、腰围(OR=1.597)、BMI(OR=1.653)、吸烟(OR=1.212)、饮酒(OR=1.204)因素相关(P<0.01),都为危险因素.结论 锡林浩特市高血压流行形势不容忽视,应继续加强社区高血压防治工作,对有家族史、超重肥胖的人群进行重点干预.  相似文献   
3.
目的探讨皖北地区胃食管反流病(GERD)食管外表现(EES)的发病情况及其对生活质量的影响。方法本研究入选患者,均具有典型的GERD症状。入组患者进行GerdQ量表和食管外相关症状的问卷调查并记录积分,所有患者均进行内镜检查然后分为ERD组和NERD组,然后对上述资料进行统计、比较分析。结果共分析123例GERD患者,伴有EES者111例,NERD69例。其中50名患者(41.0%)认为他们在过去的一周内存在因烧心和/或反流而导致的睡眠困难。在ERD患者中睡眠障碍比NERD更普遍。额外服用非处方药在ERD患者中也比NERD患者更常见。EES的总的发病率在性别、年龄、吸烟状态、BMI和有无内镜下反流性食管炎之间并无差异。EES最常见是上腹部烧灼不适,其次为慢性咽炎、胸痛、咳嗽、声音嘶哑和哮喘。其发生率分别为:73.2%、51.8%、48.4%、32.0%、24.2%、17.3%。ERD患者与NERD患者相比而言,其每一种EES的发生均有显著差异。GerdQ评分≥8分的患者中每一种EES的发生率均比〈8分的患者显著升高。EES的评分在目前吸烟的患者中比以前吸烟或从不吸烟的高。在ERD患者中EES的评分比NERD患者高。50例患者(41.0%)存在睡眠障碍。结论皖北地区GERD患者的EES相当普遍。相对于NERD患者而言,ERD患者的EES发生率更加常见。  相似文献   
4.
目的 分析民航飞行人员年度体检高发疾病谱的特点及其演变规律,为民用航空卫生保障工作提供参考依据. 方法 收集2009-2013年某航空公司参加年度大体检的飞行人员的体检资料,统计主要疾病的构成情况,分析飞行人员高发疾病近5年的演变趋势,并比较高发疾病在不同职务、年龄、飞行时间飞行人员之间的差异. 结果 屈光不正居各年度体检疾病谱首位,其次为高脂血症、脂肪肝.2013年民航飞行人员年度体检疾病谱的前10位疾病是屈光不正、高脂血症、脂肪肝、高尿酸血症、听力损失、胆囊息肉、老视、腰椎间盘突出、心律失常及高血压病.高尿酸血症的检出率逐年上升,2013年明显高于2009年(χ^2=198.28,P<0.01);2013年屈光不正、脂肪肝、胆囊息肉的检出率明显高于2009年(χ^2 =56.27、13.98、8.12,P<0.01);听力损失、老视、腰椎间盘突出的检出率呈下降趋势,2013年明显低于2009年(χ^2=10.24、44.99、30.58,P<0.01).高脂血症、脂肪肝、高尿酸血症、胆囊息肉、听力损失、老视、心律失常和高血压病多见于驾驶员(χ^2=73.62~1 940.13,P<0.01),而屈光不正和腰椎间盘突出多见于乘务员(χ^2=1 869.64、43.48,P<0.01).高脂血症、脂肪肝、胆囊息肉、听力损失、老视及高血压病的患病率随年龄及飞行时间的增长而升高(P<0.01). 结论 掌握不同职务、年龄、飞行时间飞行人员的高发疾病谱,有利于针对性地开展飞行人员的健康维护,提高航卫保障水平.  相似文献   
5.

Background

Coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) affect about 1% of the general population based on invasive coronary angiography (ICA) data, computed tomography angiography (CTA) enables better visualization of the origin, course, relation to the adjacent structures, and termination of CAAs compared to ICA.

Objective

The aim of our work is to estimate the frequency of CAAs in Qassim province among patients underwent cardiac CTA at Prince Sultan Cardiac Center.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of the CTA data of 2235 patients between 2009 and 2015.

Results

The prevalence of CAAs in our study was 1.029%. Among the 2235 patients, 241 (10.78%) had CAAs or coronary variants, 198 (8.85%) had myocardial bridging, 34 (1.52%) had a variable location of the Coronary Ostia, Twenty two (0.98%) had a separate origin of left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex coronary (LCX) arteries, ten (0.447%) had a separate origin of the RCA and the Conus artery. Seventeen (0.76%) had an anomalous origin of the coronaries. Six (0.268%) had a coronary artery fistula, which is connected mainly to the right heart chambers, one of these fistulas was complicated by acute myocardial infarction.

Conclusions

The incidence of CAAs in our patient population was similar to the former studies, CTA is an excellent tool for diagnosis and guiding the management of the CAAs.  相似文献   
6.
目的:了解2型糖尿病(T2DM)住院患者慢性并发症发病情况及相关因素,为防治糖尿病慢性并发症提供资料。方法对2013年7月-2014年7月收治的519例病例资料较完整的T2DM患者进行回顾性分析,记录患者并发症及伴随疾病(包括心脏舒张功能减退,大动脉粥样硬化、粥样斑块形成、狭窄,糖尿病视网膜病变,糖尿病肾病,糖尿病周围神经病变,高血压,脂肪肝)的发生情况,并分析与病程、体重、血糖及血脂的相关性。结果住院T2DM并发症以动脉粥样硬化的发生率最高,达88.25%,在病程>10年、血糖控制不良及血脂异常高于病程≤10年、血糖良好及血脂达标组,在病程组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);糖尿病视网膜病变、肾病、周围神经病变在病程>10年和血糖控制不良情况下的发生率均明显高于病程≤10年和血糖控制良好,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对T2DM患者体重、血糖、血压、血脂等并发症危险因素的综合控制,可有效防治T2DM并发症的发生发展。  相似文献   
7.
目的:了解中老年2型糖尿病患者甲状腺结节的患病情况,为甲状腺疾病的防治提供理论基础。方法收集550例中老年2型糖尿病患者(糖尿病组)的临床资料,检测糖化血红蛋白(HbA1 c),应用高分辨率彩超进行甲状腺彩超检查;同时收集550例健康体检的非糖尿病患者(非糖尿病组)的临床资料及甲状腺彩超,比较二组甲状腺结节的发病率,并分析糖尿病组不同年龄、不同性别、不同病程、不同 H bA1 c水平合并甲状腺结节的发病情况。结果①糖尿病患者甲状腺结节发病率显著高于非糖尿病患者(63.8%v s50.7%;P<0.01)。②糖尿病组不同年龄甲状腺结节的发病率不同( P<0.01),而且发病率随年龄增长而升高。女性甲状腺结节发病率高于男性(75.2% v s52.9%;P<0.01)。糖尿病组甲状腺结节发病率与糖尿病病程无关(P>0.05),与不同糖化血红蛋白水平有关(P<0.01),随着 HbA1 c的升高,甲状腺结节的发病率增高(P<0.01)。结论中老年2型糖尿病患者甲状腺结节发病率较高,所以临床上对中老年2型糖尿病患者常规筛查甲状腺彩超有重要意义。  相似文献   
8.
目的 掌握宁夏棘球蚴病流行范围与程度,为制定防控措施提供科学依据.方法 采用整群随机抽样方法,于2012年对宁夏22个县(市、区)抽样点的3周岁以上常住居民用B超检查棘球蚴患病情况,调查当地啮齿类动物和牛羊感染情况.收集居民家的犬粪,用双抗体夹心法检测粪抗原阳性率.结果 共调查71 952例,查出患者128例,患病率17.79/万.原州区、同心县和盐池县患病率较其他地区均高(P<0.05);人群分布以回族、70~岁、宗教人士、信仰佛教者和文盲文化程度者患病率为高(P<0.05);家犬粪抗原阳性率为302.57/万(237/7 833).剖检5只无主犬,未发现感染棘球绦虫;绵羊患病率高于牛(X2=22.11,P<0.05);鼠体种未检出棘球绦虫.结论 宁夏棘球蚴流行较为严重,在原州区等部分地区高发,提示棘球蚴防治工作仍不容忽视,应加大防治力度.  相似文献   
9.

Objectives

To evaluate the association between urinary incontinence and disordered eating, in elite female athletes.

Design

This cross-sectional study included 744 young and healthy Portuguese women: 372 elite athletes and 372 age-matched non-athletes, mean age 21 ± 5.3 years.

Methods

Data regarding clinical, demographic, and sport practice characteristics were collected by questionnaire. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence-Short Form was applied to identify urinary incontinence. The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire was applied to identify disordered eating. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to estimate the association between UI and disordered eating.

Results

The prevalence of urinary incontinence in athletes and non-athletes was 29.3% and 13.4%, p < 0.001, respectively. No difference in prevalence of disordered eating was found between athletes (17.7%) and non-athletes (20.2%), p = 0.435. Urinary incontinence was associated with disordered eating only in the athletes. After adjustment for age, type of sport, smoking and alcohol intake, athletes with disordered eating presented increased odds of urinary incontinence of any type over athletes without disordered eating (OR = 3.09; 95% CI: 1.74–5.50).

Conclusions

Athletes with disordered eating were three times more likely to present urinary incontinence than women without disordered eating. There is a need for further studies to elaborate on mechanisms for this association.  相似文献   
10.

Background

The aim of this study was to assess the incidence rate and prevalence of autoimmune myasthenia gravis (MG) among children in Norway.

Methods

This retrospective population-based study was performed in Norway from January 2012 to December 2013. Cases of juvenile MG (JMG) with onset < 18 years were identified through searches in coding systems of electronic patient records at the 15 main hospitals in Norway from 1989 to 2013. In addition, the acetylcholine receptor antibody database at Haukeland University Hospital and the clinical nationwide MG database at Oslo University Hospital were searched for cases of JMG. Diagnosis and age at onset were verified through medical records. Incidence and prevalence rates were calculated using the Norwegian population as reference.

Results

In total 63 unique JMG cases were identified. This corresponds to an average annual incidence rate of 1.6 per million. Incidence rate was stable over the study period. Prevalence of JMG was 3.6–13.8 per million. Females constituted the majority of JMG cases (55 vs 8 males). The risk of JMG was higher among females both in the postpubertal and prepubertal group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively).

Conclusion

This study confirms the rarity of JMG in Norway, especially among males, and shows a stable incidence rate over the last 25 years.  相似文献   
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