首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   38921篇
  免费   2395篇
  国内免费   542篇
耳鼻咽喉   502篇
儿科学   1197篇
妇产科学   5539篇
基础医学   1949篇
口腔科学   605篇
临床医学   3697篇
内科学   4464篇
皮肤病学   480篇
神经病学   3090篇
特种医学   549篇
外国民族医学   4篇
外科学   6456篇
综合类   4333篇
一般理论   1篇
预防医学   3801篇
眼科学   415篇
药学   2831篇
  25篇
中国医学   396篇
肿瘤学   1524篇
  2023年   728篇
  2022年   1160篇
  2021年   1687篇
  2020年   1845篇
  2019年   1690篇
  2018年   1467篇
  2017年   1624篇
  2016年   1584篇
  2015年   1459篇
  2014年   3058篇
  2013年   3317篇
  2012年   2244篇
  2011年   2457篇
  2010年   1978篇
  2009年   2006篇
  2008年   1870篇
  2007年   1765篇
  2006年   1692篇
  2005年   1429篇
  2004年   1208篇
  2003年   993篇
  2002年   784篇
  2001年   637篇
  2000年   565篇
  1999年   397篇
  1998年   341篇
  1997年   262篇
  1996年   214篇
  1995年   193篇
  1994年   155篇
  1993年   139篇
  1992年   119篇
  1991年   116篇
  1990年   70篇
  1989年   82篇
  1988年   62篇
  1987年   46篇
  1986年   41篇
  1985年   73篇
  1984年   59篇
  1983年   36篇
  1982年   38篇
  1981年   26篇
  1980年   22篇
  1979年   22篇
  1978年   23篇
  1977年   15篇
  1976年   14篇
  1975年   13篇
  1973年   8篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
IntroductionOur aim was to describe practices in multimodal pain management at US children's hospitals and evaluate the association between non-opioid pain management strategies and pediatric patient-reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsData were collected as part of the 18-hospital ENhanced Recovery In CHildren Undergoing Surgery (ENRICH-US) clinical trial. Non-opioid pain management strategies included use of preoperative and postoperative non-opioid analgesics, regional anesthetic blocks, and a biobehavioral intervention. PROs included perioperative nervousness, pain-related functional disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 186 patients, 62 (33%) received preoperative analgesics, 186 (100%) postoperative analgesics, 81 (44%) regional anesthetic block, and 135 (73%) used a biobehavioral intervention. Patients were less likely to report worsened as compared to stable nervousness following regional anesthetic block (relative risk ratio [RRR]:0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.11–0.85), use of a biobehavioral technique (RRR:0.26, 95% CI:0.10–0.70), and both in combination (RRR:0.08, 95% CI:0.02–0.34). There were no associations of non-opioid pain control modalities with pain-related functional disability or HRQoL.ConclusionUse of postoperative non-opioid analgesics have been largely adopted, while preoperative non-opioid analgesics and regional anesthetic blocks are used less frequently. Regional anesthetic blocks and biobehavioral interventions may mitigate postoperative nervousness in children.Level of evidenceIII.  相似文献   
3.
背景 音乐治疗作为新兴的治疗方法,在慢性疾病康复中的应用逐渐兴起,且日益得到重视。但音乐治疗对糖尿病康复的效果研究尚少见报道。 目的 观察音乐辅助阿格列汀对2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢的影响。 方法 选取2019年10月至2021年2月在中国康复研究中心北京博爱医院内分泌科门诊就诊的口服药物血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者65例。采用随机数字表法将患者分为A组(n=35)和B组(n=30),两组患者均保持原有饮食、运动习惯。A组在原治疗(药物种类、剂量不变)基础上联用阿格列汀片治疗,B组在A组基础上给予音乐辅助治疗。两组患者均连续治疗12周。比较治疗前及治疗12周后两组患者空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、尿酸(UA)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、β细胞功能分泌指数(HOMA-β);观察患者治疗过程中不良反应发生情况。 结果 两组试验过程中因药物不良反应均剔除1例患者,A组、B组最终分别有34、29例患者完成试验。B组患者治疗12周后2 hPG低于A组(P<0.05)。治疗12周后两组患者FPG、HbA1c、2 hPG均低于组内治疗前,HOMA-β高于组内治疗前(P<0.05);治疗12周后B组患者LDL-C、TC均低于组内治疗前(P<0.05)。两组均未发生低血糖事件。 结论 音乐辅助阿格列汀较无音乐辅助更能降低2型糖尿病患者的餐后血糖,改善血脂情况。需要强调的是,音乐治疗的效果一定是在饮食控制、适当运动、合理用药的基础上。  相似文献   
4.
5.
青光眼是世界首位不可逆性致盲眼病, 中国作为原发性闭角型青光眼发病率最高国家, 重视和改进其治疗方法是降低致盲率的有效途径。随着微创青光眼手术(MIGS)技术的发展, 原发性闭角型青光眼的治疗方法更新迭代。本文汇总目前国内外相关文献, 总结MIGS在原发性闭角型青光眼联合手术治疗中的应用进展, 提示MIGS可能成为未来治疗原发性闭角型青光眼的优选联合方法, 为临床提高青光眼治疗水平提供参考。  相似文献   
6.
7.
An accumulating body of evidence has associated exposure to greenspace with improved birth outcomes, including higher birth weight and lower risk of low birth weight; however, evidence on such association with in-utero fetal growth is scarce. We explored the influence of maternal exposure to residential greenspace and fetal growth in four INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) Spanish birth cohorts (2003–2008), with 2,465 participants. Residential greenspace was characterised by the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) average across 100 m, 300 m, and 500 m buffers around the residence. Repeated ultrasound measurements of the abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were used. We created customised-generalised least squares models to evaluate associations of residential greenspace exposure on each fetal growth parameter, controlled for the relevant confounders. There were associations between the 500 m buffer and BPD, FL, and AC. We also found associations in the 300 m buffer and FL and AC. The associations in the 100 m buffer were null. Estimates were higher among participants with lower socioeconomic status. Mediation analyses found that air pollution might explain 15–37% of our associations. Mediation by physical activity was not observed. Greenspace exposure may be beneficial for fetal growth.  相似文献   
8.
目的探讨不同的康复方式对老年全膝关节置换术患者术后焦虑、镇痛效果及生活质量的影响。 方法选取2017年11月到2020年6月于海南西部中心医院骨科门诊收入院的退行性膝关节炎老年患者100例,年龄≥65岁,均为初次行单侧全膝关节置换术,排除存在既往膝关节手术史、下肢其他关节功能障碍、凝血功能异常、下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)以及依从性差的患者。所有患者由同一高年资手术医师完成手术。按随机数字法分为两组,其中实验组给予加速康复措施,对照组给予常规康复措施,记录包括手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量,评估住院指标。于术前、术后1个月、术后6个月评估患者疼痛视觉评分(VAS)、焦虑自评量表系统评分(SAS)、膝关节综合评分(AKS)及生活质量评分(SF-36)。记录患者自手术至术后6个月内发生的手术相关性感染、DVT、假体松动、关节返修、骨关节炎进展等发生情况。计量资料采用独立样本t检验,重复测量资料比较采用球形检验,若不满足球型分布,需采用Green house-Geisser方法对自由度进行校正后计算;计数资料采用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验。 结果实验组较对照组手术时间(t=8.618)、住院时间(t=4.116)较短,首次下床时间(t=16.360)较早,术中出血量及住院总花费较少(t=16.359、5.839,均为P<0.05)。经治疗,两组VAS评分、SAS评分均降低,AKS评分、SF-36评分均升高。术前、术后1个月、术后6个月两组患者SAS、VAS、AKS及SF-36评分均不满足球型分布,实验组SAS、VAS评分均低于对照组(F=5.201、9.018),AKS评分(F=7.231、10.205)、SF-36评分(F=20.102、7.118)均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),且无交互作用(均为P>0.05)。实验组并发症发生率为10.0%,对照组为28.0%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.263,P=0.022)。 结论加速康复外科可优化老年全膝关节置换术患者的住院指标,减少术中出血及术后并发症,缓解焦虑,提高镇痛效果、膝关节功能及生活质量。  相似文献   
9.
ObjectiveTo investigate whether a tailored intersectoral discharge program (TIDP) impacts on multidimensional frailty, rehospitalization days, and patient-related outcome measures in older in-patients undergoing acute care and usual rehabilitative care.DesignRandomized controlled trial of TIDP vs usual rehabilitative care with a 6-month follow-up, 2019–2020, and historical control with a 6-month follow-up, 2016–2019.Setting and ParticipantsGeriatric co-managed internal medicine ward of a metropolitan university hospital. One hundred-twelve multimorbid patients older than age 60 years were consecutively assessed for eligibility and inclusion (age ≥60 years, multimorbidity, admitted for treatment of acute disease, at least 2 geriatric syndromes requiring usual rehabilitative care, and able to consent) and signed informed consent, with 110 recruited and randomized to either TIDP or usual rehabilitative care. At discharge, 104 patients were alive in the intention-to-treat group, the 6-month follow-up was completed for 91 patients. A historical control group of 468 patients was included for comparison.InterventionTIDP as intervention included contact with treating general practitioner to discuss the further treatment plan, a structured medical and lifestyle counseling to patients and caregivers at admission as well as a discharge program with internist, geriatrician, and general practitioner in shared decision making with patients.MethodsFifty-four patients underwent TIDP, 53 patients underwent usual rehabilitative care only. Rehospitalization days at follow-up as primary endpoint; multidimensional frailty and prognosis (Multidimensional Prognostic Index, Geriatric Depression Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, quality of life, falls, mortality, home care service need, and need of long-term care at 1-, 3- and 6-month follow-up as secondary endpoints.ResultsTIDP (median age 76.0 years, 56% female) showed significantly improved Multidimensional Prognostic Index scores at discharge compared with usual rehabilitative care (median age 78.5 years, 58% female) (0.43 vs 0.49, P = .011). Compared with usual rehabilitative care, TIDP improved self-confidence (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale 13.9 vs 12.4, P = .009) and mood (Geriatric Depression Scale 4 vs 5, P = .027) at follow-up. Compared with historical control (median age 77.0 years, 39 % female), usual rehabilitative care patients showed significantly lower rehospitalization rates (53% vs 70%, P = .002) and lower mortality rates (13% vs 32%, P < .001).Conclusions and ImplicationsA feasible TIDP improves frailty and mood in advanced age. In older patients undergoing potentially disabling acute treatments, usual rehabilitative care significantly reduces rehospitalization rates. Therefore, implementing geriatric treatment in general is useful to improve outcomes in older in-patients and a tailored discharge program can further increase the benefit for this frail population.  相似文献   
10.
ObjectiveManagement of pregnancy complicated by severe early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) is one of the most challenging obstetrical issues. So far, there has not been a proven option for the treatment or improvement of this condition. Improper immune response during placentation leads to inadequate trophoblast invasion and impaired utero-placental perfusion. Pentoxifylline improves the endothelial function and induces vasodilation by reducing the inflammatory-mediated cytokines. We have evaluated the effect of Pentoxifylline on fetal-placental perfusion, neonatal outcome, and the level of oxidative stress markers before and after the intervention in the setting of severe early-onset FGR.Materials and methodsThis study is a pilot randomized clinical trial on 40 pregnant women who had developed early-onset growth restricted fetus. Pentoxifylline and placebo were given with a dose of 400 mg per os two times daily until delivery. Serial ultrasound examination regarding fetal weight, amniotic fluid and also utero-placenta-fetal Doppler's were done. For the assessment of serum Antioxidant level, blood sampling was done once at the beginning of the study and again, at least, three weeks after the investigation. After delivery, umbilical-cord blood gas analysis, APGAR score at 1 and 5 min, NICU admission, and neonatal death were recorded and compared between the two groups.ResultsUtero-placenta-fetal Doppler's in the Pentoxifylline group did not significantly change compared to the control group. Fetal weight gain was significantly higher in the Pentoxifylline group before (996.33 ± 317.41) and after (1616.89 ± 527.90) treatment (P = 0.002). Total serum antioxidant capacity significantly increased in the Pentoxifylline group (p < 0.036). Average 5 min Apgar score was significantly higher (P < 0.036) and the percentage of babies admitted to NICU was significantly lower (P < 0.030) in the treated group.ConclusionUsing Pentoxifylline in pregnancy affected by FGR might show promising effects. In this study, Pentoxifylline improved the neonatal outcome, increased fetal weight gain, and reduced neonatal mortality by decreasing the level of oxidative stress markers and cutting down the inflammatory cascade.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号