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1.
BackgroundThe clinical and radiographic effectiveness of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) with and without potassium iodide (KI) was tested and compared with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) in indirect pulp capping of deep carious lesions in young permanent molars.MethodsOne hundred eight permanent first molars with deep occlusal cavitated carious lesions in 49 children aged 6 through 9 years were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n = 36 molars per group) and treated with SDF plus KI, SDF, and RMGIC. RMGIC was used as a base and a resin-based composite restoration followed. Clinical assessments for secondary caries (primary outcome), postoperative pain, tooth vitality, and restoration success and quality rates according to Modified US Public Health Service and Ryge Criteria for Direct Clinical Evaluation of Restorations were performed after 3, 6, and 12 months. Periapical radiographs were obtained at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Outcomes were assessed using mixed effects multilevel logistic and linear regression analyses.ResultsThere were no significant differences (P = .26) among the groups at all times for secondary caries, postoperative pain, tooth vitality, clinical abscess, radiographic signs of pulpal pathology, restorations’ marginal adaption, anatomic form, and surface roughness. There was a significant difference (P = .03) in restoration color, marginal staining, and luster. The RMGIC group outperformed the 2 SDF groups in color and luster.ConclusionsThe authors did not find differences among the groups in preventing secondary caries or pain or in maintaining pulpal health. The RMGIC group had better restoration color and luster than both SDF groups and better marginal staining than the SDF group.Practical ImplicationsThe results of this study can help guide treatment decision making regarding use of SDF and SDF plus KI as indirect pulp capping materials in deep cavitated lesions.This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. The registration number is NCT04236830.  相似文献   
2.
Background and aimsDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) treatment guidelines recommend to initiate potassium-replacement when serum potassium (SK) drops within normal range, and to withhold insulin if SK is below normal. Despite strict recommendations, hypokalemia is frequently observed in DKA.MethodsScientific literature was thoroughly searched to find 1) DKA treatment guidelines, 2) studies reporting hypokalemia in DKA, 3) and literature elaborating mechanisms involved in hypokalemia.ResultsAcidosis affects SK and its regulators including insulin, catecholamines and aldosterone. Current conceptual framework is an argument to gauge the degree of hypokalemia before it strikes DKA patients utilizing SK level after adjusting it with pH. Suggested approach will reduce hypokalemia risk and its associated complications. The nomogram calculates pH-adjusted potassium and expected potassium loss. It also ranks hypokalemia associated risk, and proposes the potassium-replacement rate over given time period. The differences between current DKA treatment guidelines and proposed strategy are also discussed. Moreover, reasons and risk of hyperkalemia due to early initiation of potassium replacement and remedial actions are debated.ConclusionIn light of proposed strategy, utilizing the nomogram ensures reduced incidence of hypokalemia in DKA resulting in improved clinical and patient outcomes. Pharmacoeconomic benefits can also be expected when avoiding hypokalemia ensures early discharge.  相似文献   
3.
目的探讨枸橼酸氢钾钠在大负荷肾尿酸结石治疗中的效果。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年7月天津医科大学第二医院以枸橼酸氢钾钠治疗的6例大负荷肾尿酸结石(长径>4cm)患者的临床资料。患者均为男性,平均年龄51.3(42~66)岁,平均结石长径6.0(4.1~7.6)cm,腹部X线片(KUB)阴性,平均CT值475(418~535)HU,治疗前尿pH均≤5.5。6例血尿酸平均453.3(258.7~570.0)μmol/L,其中3例高于正常值,3例有痛风病史;2例有肾结石手术病史,结石成分回报为无水尿酸,其余4例根据病史及影像学检查诊断为尿酸结石。所有患者均无泌尿系感染病史及泌尿系梗阻。6例均予口服枸橼酸氢钾钠颗粒治疗,以10g/d为起始剂量,按早餐后2.5g、午餐后2.5 g、晚餐后5.0 g分次服用,根据尿液pH值调整剂量,保持尿pH值6.5~7.0。治疗期间每2~3个月复查CT平扫以评价治疗效果。结果6例治疗2.5~8.0个月,无明显胃肠道不适等不良反应。结石负荷均有不同程度降低,平均长径缩短3.2(1.4~5.9)cm,其中2例结石基本消失。枸橼酸氢钾钠治疗后复查CT示,结石边缘由光滑变粗糙,结石表面及内部出现虫蚀样缺损及空洞,表现出明显的溶石现象。结论枸橼酸氢钾钠对大负荷肾尿酸结石具有较好的治疗效果。对于临床考虑尿酸结石的非感染患者可尝试应用枸橼酸氢钾钠治疗。  相似文献   
4.
目的:分析自拟消痔汤对中重度痔疮术后患者的效果及疼痛改善情况。方法:选取2018年1月-2019年2月收治的进行痔疮手术的患者120例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组60例,对照组运用高锰酸钾外用片进行治疗,研究组采用自拟消痔汤治疗,观察两组患者的治疗效果、并发症改善情况、术后疼痛改善情况。结果:研究组治疗效果比对照组好,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组疼痛停止时间、出血停止时间、水肿停止时间、坠胀感停止时间和恢复时间均低于对照组,差异均存在统计学意义(P<0.05);术后第1天的视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)评分,研究组低于对照组,差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05);术后第3 d、7 d、10 d的VAS评分,研究组均低于对照组,两组之间差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:通过自拟消痔汤改善中重度痔疮患者术后预后显著缓解患者术后疼痛感,使患者的手术切口愈合更快。  相似文献   
5.
目的探讨利用碘化钾制备碘涂层钛板的可行性,并验证其抗菌性能。方法以碘化钾作为电解液,使用电泳沉积法将碘负载到钛板表面,制备出碘涂层钛板。通过扫描电镜与能谱分析,观察碘涂层钛板的表面征象和成分结构。实验分组:对照组是经过预处理但未行载碘的钛板,共10块;实验组是经过预处理后再行载碘的碘涂层钛板,根据电解液浓度的不同分为3组:1000 mg/L、2000 mg/L、4000 mg/L组,每组各10块。使用1×106 CFU/mL的金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC25923)进行体外抗菌实验,并对其抗菌性能进行研究。结果碘涂层钛板外观呈灰色,表面可均匀覆盖一层平整、无塌陷的涂层,电镜下见其表面可形成碘涂层,局部散在分布大小不等的不规则陷凹。对照组、1000 mg/L组、2000 mg/L组、4000 mg/L组的钛板碘含量分别为0、5.10、10.32、15.05 mass%;其体外抗菌菌落计数分别为56.00±5.09、21.40±2.76、9.10±2.51和2.00±1.88,4组之间菌落计数比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论碘化钾作为电解液,使用电泳沉积法可成功制备出碘含量稳定、涂层分布均匀的碘涂层钛板。体外抗菌实验证明碘涂层钛板的抗菌性能强于未载碘钛板。  相似文献   
6.
BackgroundLowering excess sodium in packaged foods is part of a public health strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Sales of foods with labeled sodium claims increased during the past decade. Yet, it is unclear whether sugars or fats were added during the reformulation of foods that might counter the benefits of sodium reduction.ObjectiveIt was hypothesized that the nutrient content of packaged foods with lower sodium label claims (ie, sodium-modified) would differ from their regular (ie, unmodified) counterparts.DesignThis cross-sectional study compared label data of 153 sodium-modified foods and 141 regular, matched counterparts within four food categories: soups, processed meats, vegetables, and savory snacks. Foods were identified by searching manufacturer websites of the top-10 brands in each category. Sodium, calories, total carbohydrate, sugar, protein, total fat, saturated fat, and potassium (when reported) were compared by labeled serving and per 100 g food.ResultsThe average amount in milligrams of sodium per serving in regular foods ranged from 162 mg for savory snacks to 782 mg for soups. Compared with regular foods, the matched lower sodium foods had significantly less sodium per serving (–95 to –387 mg) and per 100 g (–184 to –462 mg) (P<0.01 for all comparisons), except for soups per 100 g (P = 0.166), and were similar to their regular counterparts in calories, total carbohydrate, sugar, protein, total fat, and saturated fat (P>0.05 for all comparisons). Of the soups that reported potassium on the label, potassium was 244 mg/serving (P=0.004) and 139 mg/100 g (P=0.002) higher among matched lower sodium soups.ConclusionsThe similarity in macronutrient contents on the labels for sodium-modified foods and their regular counterparts suggests that reformulation did not include the addition of significant amounts of sugars, fats, or other macronutrients among major food brands in the selected categories. Potassium content and additional food categories deserve further investigation.  相似文献   
7.
目的观察羟苯磺酸钙联合氯沙坦治疗老年2型糖尿病肾病合并高血压的临床疗效。方法选取2012年11月—2015年3月郧阳医学院堰桥医院肾病内科收治的老年2型糖尿病肾病合并高血压患者115例,随机分为对照组(n=57)和治疗组(n=58)。对照组患者口服氯沙坦钾片50 mg/次,1次/d;治疗组患者在对照组治疗基础上口服羟苯磺酸钙胶囊,0.5 g/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗12周。观察两组的临床疗效,同时比较两组治疗前后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血糖、尿微量蛋白、24 h尿蛋白排泄率(UAER)、血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为77.19%、91.38%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者SBP、DBP、MAP、尿微量蛋白、UAER较治疗前均显著降低,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标的改善程度优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组Scr、BUN均显著下降,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但治疗后两组比较差异无统计学意义。结论羟苯磺酸钙联合氯沙坦治疗老年2型糖尿病肾病合并高血压具有较好的临床疗效,可显著改善患者的肾功能,降低尿微量蛋白和血压,且安全性好,具有一定的临床推广和应用价值。  相似文献   
8.
One of the main active components from mushrooms was recently identified as β-glucan. Health-promoting β-glucans are an auspicious group of polysaccharides. β-Glucans from different sources such as cereals, yeast and grass have previously been documented. However, information on mushroom β-glucan is limited. This review summarizes the extraction, purification, quantification, and structural characterization of β-glucans, along with chemical and biological activities from this compound from mushrooms, and the current status of this research area with a view for future directions.  相似文献   
9.
[目的]探讨悬浮红细胞储存时间对制备的洗涤红细胞的钾离子(K+)浓度和游离血红蛋白(FHb)含量的影响.[方法]采用全自动离心制备法将储存0~7 d(0~7 d组,n=10)、8~15 d(8~15 d组,n=10)、16~23 d(16~23 d组,n=10),24~31 d(24~31 d组,n=9)的悬浮红细胞制备成洗涤红细胞,分别于制备前、制备后0、12、24 h取样测定其K+浓度和FHb含量,比较不同储存时间的洗涤红细胞的K+浓度和FHb含量.[结果]制备前,不同储存时间的悬浮红细胞的K+和FHb含量相比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05),储存时间越长,K+和FHb含量越高.制备后24 h,0~7 d组、8~15 d组、16~23 d组、24~31 d组制备的洗涤红细胞的K+浓度分别为(3.23±0.52)、(3.31±0.87)、(2.98±0.63)和(3.21±0.86) mmol/L,均低于人体正常K+参考值上限.制备后12 h、24 h,各组FHb含量相比较差异均有显著性(P均<0.05),储存时间越长,FHb含量越高.制备后24 h,四组FHb含量分别为(0.26±0.11)、(0.41±0.20)、(0.72±0.37)、(1.05±0.37)g/L,24~31 d组明显高于其他三组(P均<0.05).[结论]悬浮红细胞的储存时间对制备的洗涤红细胞的K+浓度影响不大,在制备后24 h的保存期内K+浓度均低于人体正常参考值上限,但对FHb的影响较大,建议避免使用接近储存期末的悬浮红细胞进行洗涤红细胞的制备.  相似文献   
10.
The objective of this study is to describe a case-series of potassium aluminium tetrafluoride (KAlF4)-induced occupational asthma (OA) and/or occupational rhinitis (OR). The study involves five patients from a heat-exchanger production line who were examined (including specific inhalation challenge tests) for suspected OA and/or OR caused by a flux containing almost 100% KAlF4 − with fluorides’ workplace air concentrations ranging between 1.7 and 2.8 mg/m3. No subject had a previous history of asthma. All five patients had a positive specific challenge test (three patients were diagnosed with OA alone, one with OR and one with both OR and OA). At the follow-up visit, after three years on average, all patients needed permanent corticosteroid therapy (four topical, one oral). After elimination from the exposure, only one of the observed subjects gave an indication of an improvement, two subjects stabilized and two worsened. Our case series focuses on the correlation between patients’ exposure to fluorides in air-conditioner production and the subsequent occurrence of OR/OA. Currently, it is uncertain whether these OR/OA were caused by hypersensitivity or irritation.  相似文献   
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