Sleep positions in children with Down syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea

ObjectivesTo assess sleep positions in children with both Down syndrome (DS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and determine if there is a preferred sleep position by severity of apnea.MethodsA single-center retrospective review of patients with both DS and OSA was performed. Caregivers reported sleep position utilized greater than 50% of observed sleep time. Accuracy of this report was confirmed through review of hypnograms from polysomnography studies.ResultsEighty-two patients met inclusion criteria. Median body mass index (BMI) was 26.6 and 56% of patients had a prior tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. The mean obstructive AHI (OAHI) was 25.33 with 90.4% having severe OSA, 9.6% having moderate OSA, and no patients having mild OSA. Reported sleep positions were skewed towards lateral/decubitus (82.9%) compared to prone (11.0%) and supine (6.1%). This was consistent with hypnogram data where 71% of total sleep time in lateral/decubitus positions compared to prone (13%) and supine (6%). The median changes in sleep position per patient was 5 (IQR: 3–6). Lower BMI (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.32–1.13) and tonsillectomy (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 7.7–18.19) were associated with lower OAHI. Sleep position was not associated with age (p = 0.19), sex (p = 0.66), race (p = 0.10), ethnicity (p = 0.68) nor history of tonsillectomy (p = 0.34). Preferred sleep position was not correlated with OAHI (p = 0.78, r = 0.03) or OSA severity (p = 0.72, r = 0.03).ConclusionsThis study highlights the possibility that children with DS may have preferential sleep positions that cater to optimized airflow in the context of OSA although further prospective study is needed.     

肩关节镜手术患者中新型肩关节镜侧卧位牵引架的应用价值分析

目的在新型肩关节镜侧卧位牵引架牵引下实行肩关节镜手术的患者的临床效果。方法选择在2017年11月至2018年4月来我院进行肩关节镜手术治疗的100例患者作为研究对象,将该100例患者分为两组,例数分别为50例,即观察组与对照组。观察组患者在新型肩关节镜侧卧位牵引架下实行手术,而对照组则在以往传统的牵引架牵引下实行手术治疗。观察与比较两组患者对患者自身体位安放的满意程度与发生并发症机率。结果同以往牵引架下牵引间比较,在如何安装新型肩关节镜侧卧位架上并未增加其复杂度,观察组对患者自身体位安放满意程度明显比对照组的高,观察组发生并发症的机率明显比对照组低,在临床上统计学上具有意义(P<0.05)。结论在新型肩关节镜侧卧位牵引架下实行肩关节手术治疗。可以帮助患者正确安放其手术所需要的体位,使手术在操作处理上比较简易,减少发生并发症机率,值得临床上广泛推广与应用。     

急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者俯卧位通气护理质量评价指标的构建

目的 构建急性呼吸窘迫综合征（acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS）患者俯卧位通气护理质量评价指标,为评价ARDS患者俯卧位通气护理质量提供依据。 方法 基于三维质量结构模型,通过文献分析、半结构式访谈初步拟订ARDS患者俯卧位通气护理质量评价指标,于2020年9月—11月采用德尔菲法对35名专家进行2轮咨询确立ARDS患者俯卧位通气护理质量评价指标。 结果 2轮咨询问卷回收率均为100%,专家权威系数为0.85、0.89,肯德尔和谐系数为0.155、0.122。最终形成的ARDS患者俯卧位通气护理质量评价指标包含3项一级指标、8项二级指标、41项三级指标。 结论 构建的ARDS患者俯卧位通气护理质量评价指标具有较高可靠性和科学性,可作为评价ARDS患者俯卧位通气护理质量的依据。     

不同体位下无鼾者与OSAHS患者的头影测量比较

目的:借助X线头影测量分析,探讨3种不同体位下,无鼾者和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(Obstructivesleepapneahypopneasyndrome,OSAHS)患者的颅面结构及气道周围软硬组织的关系。方法:10例无鼾者和10例OSAHS患者在3种不同体位下,分别拍摄常规坐位头影测量侧位片及仰卧位、放松位头颅侧位片,并进行头颅测量分析。结果:同一体位下,与无鼾者相比,OSAHS患者的ANB角、软腭厚度及舌骨前上点至下颌平面垂直距离增加,口咽距(U-Pu)减小;仰卧位和放松位时,无鼾者的SNB角、MP-SN角均比坐位时减小,SPT增加;H-C3距、PAS距减小;OSAHS患者H-C3距比坐位时也减小。结论:3种不同体位下,无鼾者与OSAHS患者在颅面结构及气道周围软硬组织结构关系方面的差异具有显著性。     

新信息环境下专业图书馆的定位

介绍了目前专业图书馆信息服务面临的困境,分析了社会、专业图书馆自身和其用户对专业图书馆的定位及其自身定位与其用户定位不同的原因,从馆藏资源、馆舍空间、技术团队、核心竞争力等4方面对专业图书馆定位提出相关建议。     

腹腔镜手术体位对脑血管阻力及血流量的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术体位对脑血管阻力及血流量的影响。方法 选取2020年1~7月在皖南医学院第一附属医院择期行腹腔镜手术的女性患者60例,按随机数字表法,分为试验组（T组）与对照组（R组）,每组30例。试验组按术中体位需要调整为头低位（-30°）,对照组为头高位并向左侧倾斜（30°）。采用无创多普勒超声测量,比较T₁（置入喉罩后5分钟）、T₂（气腹体位变化后即刻）、T₃（气腹体位变化30分钟）、T₄（关气腹体位恢复后10分钟）4个时间点双侧颈内动脉和椎动脉血管阻力指数（RI）的差异,并对两组患者脑动脉血流量（CBFV）进行分析。观察比较两组患者T₁~T₄ 4个时点心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）和呼气末二氧化碳分压（PETCO₂）的差异。结果 两组患者双侧颈内动脉和椎动脉RI组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,存在时间、交互效应。在T₂~T₄时,T组双侧椎动脉和颈内动脉RI高于R组（P<0.05）;与T₁比较,在T₂~T₃时点,T组右椎动脉和左颈内动脉RI增高（P<0.05）。两组患者CBFV组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;在T₂时,T组CBFV高于R组（P<0.05）;与T₁比较,在T₂和T₃时点,T组CBFV增加（P<0.05）。两组患者HR、MAP、PETCO₂组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在T₃时点,T组MAP高于R组（P<0.05）;与T₁比较,在T₂~T₄时点,T组MAP增加（P<0.05）。结论 腹腔镜手术中头低位可引起椎动脉和颈内动脉血管阻力指数及血流量增加。     

超声技术在椎管内麻醉穿刺中的应用进展

超声作为一种可视化技术,在椎管内麻醉穿刺中的应用取得了很大进展。椎管内麻醉是下腹部和下肢手术的常用麻醉方法。超声能够清楚地显示椎管及其周围解剖结构,使椎管内麻醉走向精准化具有重大意义。用超声在椎管内麻醉穿刺前扫描,可预测穿刺的困难程度、定位穿刺点、测量穿刺深度,从而提高椎管内麻醉穿刺的成功率;实时超声引导下椎管内麻醉穿刺能实时地观察穿刺针的角度和深度,使麻醉穿刺全程可见;将超声应用于困难椎管内穿刺及小儿椎管内穿刺,可降低多次穿刺带来的并发症及风险,具有深远的意义。     

15°头高斜坡侧卧位气管拔管对肥胖患者全麻恢复期呼吸功能的影响

目的评价15°头高斜坡侧卧位气管拔管对肥胖患者全麻恢复期呼吸功能的影响。方法选择全麻手术患者120例,男62例,女58例,年龄18～65岁,BMI≥28 kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为四组,每组30例:平卧位组(C组)、15°头高斜坡仰卧位组(S组)、15°头高斜坡左侧卧位组(L组)和15°头高斜坡右侧卧位(R组)。所有患者均在全麻下完成手术。术毕C组采用平卧位,S组采用15°头高斜坡仰卧位,L组采用15°头高斜坡左侧卧位,R组采用15°头高斜坡右侧卧位。记录入室时(T_0)、拔管后1 min(T_1)、5 min(T_2)、30 min(T_3)、2 h(T_4)的SpO_2、PaO_2、MAP和HR;记录拔管时间和出室时间;记录咳嗽、咽痛、喉痉挛和舌后坠等不良反应的发生情况。结果与T_0时比较,T_1—T_4时四组SpO_2明显降低(P0.05),T_1—T_2时四组MAP明显升高,HR明显增快(P0.05)。与C组比较,T_1—T_4时S组、L组、R组SpO_2、PaO_2明显升高(P0.05),T_1—T_2时四组MAP明显降低,HR明显减慢(P0.05),拔管时间和出室时间明显缩短(P0.05),L组、R组咳嗽、舌后坠发生率明显降低(P0.05)。与S组比较,T_1—T_4时L组、R组SpO_2、PaO_2明显升高(P0.05),拔管时间和出室时间明显缩短(P0.05),咳嗽、舌后坠发生率明显降低(P0.05)。四组咽痛发生率差异无统计学意义。结论 15°头高斜坡侧卧位气管拔管可改善肥胖患者全麻恢复期的氧储备,促进呼吸功能的恢复。     

Optimized Fluoroscopy Setting and Appropriate Project Position Can Reduce X-ray Radiation Doses Rates during Electrophysiology Procedures

Background:

Nonfluoroscopic three-dimensional electroanatomical system is widely used nowadays, but X-ray remains indispensable for complex electrophysiology procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the value of optimized parameter setting and different projection position to reduce X-ray radiation dose rates.

Methods:

From June 2013 to October 2013, 105 consecutive patients who underwent complex ablation were enrolled in the study. After the ablation, the radiation dose rates were measured by two different settings (default setting and optimized setting) with three projection positions (posteroanterior [PA] projection; left anterior oblique [LAO] 30° projection; and LAO 45° projection). The parameter of preset voltage, pulse width, critical voltage, peak voltage, noise reduction, edge enhancement, pulse rate, and dose per frame was modified in the optimized setting.

Results:

The optimized setting reduced radiation dose rates by 87.5% (1.7 Gy/min vs. 13.6 Gy/min, P < 0.001) in PA, 87.3% (2.5 Gy/min vs. 19.7 Gy/min, P < 0.001) in LAO 30°, 85.9% (3.1 Gy/min vs. 22.1 Gy/min, P < 0.001) in LAO 45°. Increase the angle of projection position will increase the radiation dose rate.

Conclusions:

We can reduce X-ray radiation dose rates by adjusting the parameter setting of X-ray system. Avoiding oblique projection of large angle is another way to reduce X-ray radiation dose rates.     

The processing of compounds in bilingual aphasia: A multiple‐case study

Background: While converging evidence has led to the view that people with aphasia exploit compositional procedures when producing compound words, the issue of what compound‐internal characteristics are at play during these procedures is still under debate. It has been argued that constituent position and/or morphosyntactic prominence, i.e., being the head constituent of a compound, may influence the manner in which compounds are accessed. However, findings obtained from patient performances are thus far inconclusive, because positional and headedness effects are frequently confounded in a language.

Aims: In order to disentangle position‐in‐the‐string and headedness effects in compound production in aphasia, the main objective of this study is to investigate the performance of bilingual patients speaking languages in which these effects can be teased apart. Our secondary goal is to probe the roles of grammatical category (adjectives vs nouns) and of between‐language phonological similarity, as both these factors have been demonstrated to influence compound processing.

Methods & Procedures: Three English–French bilingual persons with aphasia participated in the study. Three experimental tasks, reading, repetition, and translation of isolated compound words, were administrated in each language. We contrasted French and English compounds that differ in the position of the head constituent: left for French and right for English.

Outcomes & Results: Two participants showed a similar pattern—a significantly reduced number of errors for the head (or first) constituent as compared to the non‐head (or second) constituent in French and an equivalent number of errors for both constituents in English—pointing to the cumulative effects of headedness and first‐position‐in‐the‐string in French, and to the mutual cancelling out of these effects in English. The third participant exhibited a non‐head constituent advantage in both languages, indicating that semantic modification of the head constituent by the non‐head constituent plays a prominent role in her accessing procedures. For all three participants phonological similarity influenced production, while grammatical category did not.

Conclusions: Our results reveal that headedness and position interact in the processing of compounds. They also demonstrate that compound constituents are processed asymmetrically across and within languages, thus confirming that people with aphasia are sensitive to compound‐internal structure. Moreover, they show that patients rely on varying structural information when accessing compounds.