下腔静脉加压法与Valsalva动作在提高卵圆孔未闭检出率中的对比研究

目的 探讨下腔静脉加压法与Valsalva动作在经食道超声心动图(Transesophageal echocardiography,TEE)对卵圆孔未闭(Patent foramen ovale,PFO)检出率中的差异。方法 回顾性分析手术证实的PFO患者114例,包括对比增强经颅多普勒超声(Contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler ultrasonography,c-TCD)少量右向左分流(Right-to-left shunt,RLS)(n=51)组、中量RLS(n=37)组、大量RLS(n=26)组,记录常规TEE超声、Valsalva动作配合下TEE检查、PFO封堵术前无痛TEE下下腔静脉加压检测,分析3组房间隔右向左一过性分流信号发生率的不同和其它临床因素在3组间的差异。结果 3组身体质量指数(Body mass index,BMI)、高血压病、高脂血症及冠心病的比例无明显差异(P>0.05); 大量RLS组患者年龄明显小于少量RLS及中量RLS组(P<0.05)。少量RLS及中量RLS组患者Valsalva动作和下腔静脉加压后较常规TEE下PFO的显示率均有提高(P<0.01); 大量RLS组患者Valsalva动作和下腔静脉加压后PFO显示率改变不明显(P>0.05)。结论 大量RLS患者较少量及中量RLS患者的年龄小,更容易早期出现临床症状; 下腔静脉加压法可以替代Valsalva动作提高TEE超声对PFO的检出率。     

Patent ductus arteriosus and cerebral,cardiac, and gut hemodynamics in premature neonates

Patent ductus arteriosus is associated with multiple comorbidities in premature infants, however a causal link or strategy to decrease these morbidities has not been found. The association between the patent ductus arteriosus and morbidities has biologic plausibility as, like any cardiac mixing lesion, a significant systemic to pulmonic shunt may lead to pulmonary over-circulation and systemic hypoperfusion. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology of associated morbidities in the setting of a patent ductus arteriosus may aid in risk stratifying infants and offer a patient targeted approach to infants with a pathological ductal shunt. While the deleterious impact of increased pulmonary blood flow maybe easier to identify, the impact on end-organ perfusion is more challenging. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiology of a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants, impact on end-organ perfusion and associated morbidities, and novel modalities to assess shunt volume and effect on end-organ perfusion.     

癫痫患者动态脑血流自动调节功能研究

目的 探究癫痫患者的dCA功能。 方法 研究纳入100例癫痫患者和100例年龄、性别相匹配的健康志愿者作为对照组，分别测定其 dCA功能。采用TCD联合无创指尖血压监测法分别连续采集受试者双侧MCA脑血流速度（cerebral blood flow velocity，CBFV）和动脉血压（arterial blood pressure，ABP）信号。将采集的CBFV和ABP信号经 过传递函数法（transfer function analysis，TFA）分析，得出dCA参数（相位差和增益）。 结果 癫痫患者的总体相位差显著低于正常对照组（P =0.046），提示其dCA功能受损。此外，合并 发作间期慢波的患者其相位差更低（P =0.012），dCA功能受损更明显。EEG表现为局灶性放电的患者 与表现为多灶性放电的患者的相位差无显著性差异。同样，在EEG表现为单侧放电的患者中，其放电 侧大脑半球与放电对侧大脑半球的相位差也无显著性差异。通过单因素和多因素回归模型分析临床 因素与dCA参数的关系，发现发作间期慢波与相位差受损独立相关（P =0.016）。 结论 癫痫患者的dCA功能受损，而痫样放电合并发作间期慢波患者dCA受损更明显。dCA功能与癫 痫患者的放电类型、放电部位无关。发作间期慢波是癫痫患者dCA功能受损的独立预测因素。 临床研究注册号 NCT02775682     

胎龄<28周早产儿动脉导管未闭的治疗进展

动脉导管未闭(PDA)是早产儿常见疾病,目前早产儿PDA的自然发展过程仍未完全明确,PDA发生的有些高危因素仍存在争议,对PDA是否进行药物、手术干预,以及何时进行药物、手术干预仍存在争议。尽管已经有相当多的证据证实动脉导管持续开放可能有害,但目前尚缺乏关闭导管治疗方案的远期益处或害处的相关证据。大多数临床试验旨在评估短期导管开放对患儿的影响。目前尚无评估动脉导管持续开放对早产儿死亡率及并发症影响的临床试验。近年来PDA治疗上最大的变化是减少对PDA的治疗。该文重点总结胎龄28周早产儿PDA的治疗策略。     

三种间接粘接方法转移托槽的准确性比较

目的:比较间接粘接技术中使用不同转移托盘转移托槽的准确性。方法:选择2019年7月至2021年1月空军军医大学口腔医院正畸科就诊的患者28例，分为A、B、C三组，分别使用3D打印托盘、双层压膜塑料托盘、双层硅橡胶托盘粘接托槽。A组口内扫描获取工作模型，使用软件定位托槽，再导出数字化模型，作为该组托槽转移前的数字化模型。B组和C组在工作石膏模型上定位托槽，使用口内扫描仪扫描，获取B组和C组托槽转移前的数字化模型。A、B、C组制作相应的转移托盘，将托槽粘接至患者口内后对患者口内扫描，获取三组托槽实际粘接的数字化模型。使用Geomagic软件测量转移前后的数字化模型，获取使用不同托盘时，托槽粘接的实际位置距离预设在近远中方向、龈 方向、颊舌方向上的线距误差，超过0.5 mm的托槽转移线距误差定义为严重误差。 结果:近远中向上B组与A组间、C组与A组间严重误差发生率的差异存在统计学意义( P<0.05)。龈 向上3组组间的严重误差发生率差异均存在统计学意义( P<0.05)。颊舌向上3组组间的严重误差发生率差异无统计学意义。 结论:(1)3D打印托盘转移托槽时严重误差的发生率显著高于双层硅橡胶托盘与双层压膜塑料托盘。(2)双层硅橡胶托盘粘接托槽时严重误差的发生率最低。     

Characterization of blaCTX-M-14 transposition from plasmid to chromosome in Escherichia coli experimental strain

Mostly, bla_CTX-M is found on transferable plasmids as a component of the bla_CTX-M transposition unit containing an insertion sequence, ISEcp1, which exists on the upstream region of bla_CTX-Ms. Several recent studies conducted in clinical and community settings have reported the presence of chromosomally located bla_CTX-M in extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacterial isolates. In this study, we observed the frequency and molecular nature of the ISEcp1-mediated transposition of bla_CTX-M-14 from a plasmid to a chromosome by using an experimental strain of Escherichia coli. We determined 102 different chromosomal transposition sites of bla_CTX-M-14 in 126 E. coli isolates following five independent screening procedures. The characterization of the 102 different chromosomal transposition sites of bla_CTX-M-14 observed in this study revealed the presence of 5-bp direct repeat (DR) sequences and identical left terminal inverted sequences in 80 E. coli isolates. However, 5′-flanking sequences of the right terminal DR sequences in the 80 E. coli isolates were highly diverse, and consensus sequences of the right terminal inverted repeat sequences were not observed. In case of our E. coli experimental strain, the frequency of the ISEcp1-mediated transposition of bla_CTX-M-14 from a plasmid to a chromosome was determined to be 0.51% (SD = 0.37). Collectively, the molecular nature of ISEcp1 could plausibly be a factor contributing to the high detection rates of E. coli possessing chromosomally located bla_CTX-M-14 in both clinical and community settings.