日本汉方药企业近十年申请专利的分析及思考——以津村制药和Kracie为例＊

目的 对日本医疗用汉方医药品和一般用汉方医药品市场占有率最大的企业日本津村制药公司和Kracie制药公司2008-2020年间申请的专利内容进行综述，为国内中药经典名方和保健食品研发、知识产权保护提供参考。方法 通过日本专利局的官方检索渠道J-PlatPat平台，检索日本津村制药公司和Kracie制药公司在2008年至2020年间申请的专利，并进行专利布局和技术内容分析。结果 共收集43项日本津村制药公司特许和实用新案专利，其围绕汉方制剂产品全过程质量控制构建了坚实的专利技术体系；共收集52项Kracie制药公司特许和实用新案专利，其致力于功能性制剂和组合物的开发，重点在生活改善、老龄化和癌症等领域进行专利布局，还创建了多种产品功效和功能的客观评价方法。结论 津村制药近十年专利布局提示在中药现代化制造和走向国际的过程中，应把提高品质作为主攻方向，树立持续质量改进理念，完善产品有效性证据链。Kracie制药公司践行的以人为中心的汉方药设计理念，以及精准满足消费者健康需求的研发模式值得借鉴。     

Patent ductus arteriosus and cerebral,cardiac, and gut hemodynamics in premature neonates

Patent ductus arteriosus is associated with multiple comorbidities in premature infants, however a causal link or strategy to decrease these morbidities has not been found. The association between the patent ductus arteriosus and morbidities has biologic plausibility as, like any cardiac mixing lesion, a significant systemic to pulmonic shunt may lead to pulmonary over-circulation and systemic hypoperfusion. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology of associated morbidities in the setting of a patent ductus arteriosus may aid in risk stratifying infants and offer a patient targeted approach to infants with a pathological ductal shunt. While the deleterious impact of increased pulmonary blood flow maybe easier to identify, the impact on end-organ perfusion is more challenging. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiology of a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants, impact on end-organ perfusion and associated morbidities, and novel modalities to assess shunt volume and effect on end-organ perfusion.     

Transcatheter ductus arteriosus stenting in paediatric cardiology: Indications,results and perspectives

1. Download : Download high-res image (88KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

经颅多普勒增强实验结合经食管超声鉴别肺动静脉瘘与卵圆孔未闭所致隐源性卒中的研究

目的探讨经颅多普勒增强实验(contrast transcranial Doppler,c TCD)结合经食管超声(transesophageal echocardiography,TEE)对于鉴别肺动静脉瘘(pulmonary arteriovenous fistula,PAVF)与卵圆孔未闭(patent foramen ovale,PFO)所致隐源性卒中的意义。方法收集4例隐源性卒中患者(PAVF组2例,PFO组2例)的临床资料,行cT CD、TEE检查,比较两组的检查结果差异。结果 PAVF组cT CD结果显示患者平静呼吸时即见雨帘样栓子信号,Valsalva动作(Valsalva maneuver,VM)后栓子数量变化不明显;TEE彩色多普勒(color Doppler flow image,CDFI)未见异常,右心声学造影VM后5个心动周期左房内肺静脉开口处见大量微泡。PFO组cT CD结果显示,一例平静呼吸时可见4个栓子,VM后雨帘样栓子信号,VM作用消失后第40个心动周期有2个栓子信号。一例平静呼吸时无栓子信号,VM后可见50个栓子信号,VM作用消失后无栓子信号。TEECDFI示原发隔继发隔间裂隙左向右过隔血流,右心声学造影VM后2~3个心动周期卵圆孔附近的左心房内见数个微气泡。结论 cT CD结合TEE鉴别诊断PFO和PAVF敏感性高,易于操作。二者主要鉴别点在于cT CD平静呼吸时是否出现大量栓子及是否受VM影响。     

Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography: From methodology to major clinical applications

Non-invasive Doppler ultrasonographic study of cerebral arteries [transcranial Doppler(TCD)] has been extensively applied on both outpatient and inpatient settings. It is performed placing a low-frequency(≤ 2 MHz) transducer on the scalp of the patient over specific acoustic windows, in order to visualize the intracranial arterial vessels and to evaluate the cerebral blood flow velocity and its alteration in many different conditions. Nowadays the most widespread indication for TCD in outpatient setting is the research of right to left shunting, responsable of so called "paradoxical embolism", most often due to patency of foramen ovale which is responsable of the majority of cryptogenic strokes occuring in patients younger than 55 years old. TCD also allows to classify the grade of severity of such shunts using the so called "microembolic signal grading score". In addition TCD has found many useful applications in neurocritical care practice. It is useful on both adults and children for day-to-day bedside assessment of critical conditions including vasospasm in subarachnoidal haemorrhage(caused by aneurysm rupture or traumatic injury), traumatic brain injury, brain stem death. It is used also to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes after stroke. It also allows to investigate cerebral pressure autoregulation and for the clinical evaluation of cerebral autoregulatory reserve.     

Platypnée-orthodéoxie : un cas rare d’hypoxémie secondaire d’une réouverture post-traumatique du foramen ovale perméable

Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome is a rare disease characterized by dyspnea and oxygen desaturation in the upright position with improvement in the supine position. We report a case of an 87-year-old woman with a recent history of traumatic hip, spine deformity and vertebral compression fracture, referred due to dyspnea oxygen desaturation. Thoracic tomodensitometry excluded the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Transthoracic echocardiography, with intravenous administration of agitated saline contrast solution, revealed the presence of atrial septal defect associated with a right to left shunting and mild enlargement of aortic root. Surgical closure of atrial septal defect resulted in resolution of the syndrome.