艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病江西首例报告

目的 分析艾滋病并发马尔尼菲青霉病的发病情况、临床特征、诊断要点。方法 对艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病患者的临床资料进行总结。结果 艾滋病并发马尔尼菲青霉病的患者临床症状呈现多样性，但以马尔尼菲青霉病的表现为主。结论 艾滋病且易并发马尔尼菲青霉病，应引起临床高度重视。     

Improvement of anticoagulant treatment using a dynamic decision support algorithm: A Danish Cohort study

Introduction

Warfarin is the most widely prescribed vitamin K antagonist and in the United States and Europe more than 10 million people are currently in long-term oral anticoagulant treatment. This study aims to retrospectively validate a dynamic statistical model providing dosage suggestions to patients in warfarin treatment.

Materials and methods

The model was validated on a cohort of 553 patients with a mean TTR of 83%. Patients in the cohort were self-monitoring and managed by a highly specialised anticoagulation clinic. The predictive model essentially consists of three parts handling INR history, warfarin dosage and biological noise, which allows for prediction of future INR values and optimal warfarin dose to stay on INR target. Further, the model is based on parameters initially being set to population values and gradually individualised during monitoring of patients.

Primary outcome

Time in therapeutic range was used as surrogate quality measure of the treatment, and model-suggested dosage of warfarin was used to assess the accuracy of the model performance.

Results

The accuracy of the model predictions measured as median absolute error was 0.53 mg/day (interquartile range from 0.25 to 1.0). The model performance was evaluated by the difference between observed and predicted warfarin intake in the preceding week of an INR measurement. In more than 70% of the cases where INR measurements were outside the therapeutic range, the model suggested a more reasonable dose than the observed intake.

Conclusion

Applying the proposed dosing algorithm can potentially further increase the time in INR target range beyond 83%.     

Robotic-assisted versus open total pancreatectomy: a propensity score-matched study

BackgroundTotal pancreatectomy (TP) is a complex surgical procedure with significant postoperative morbidity. Despite the narrowed range of indications for TP, the introduction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the increasing complexity of surgical resections performed in high-volume centers has increased the number of annually performed TPs, especially regarding malignant disease. The introduction of robotic-assisted pancreatic surgery has provided a novel and minimally invasive approach for TP, yet the feasibility of this technique is still unknown. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of robotic-assisted total pancreatectomy (RTP) compared to conventional open total pancreatectomy (OTP).MethodsAll patients who underwent TP between March 2015 and July 2019 in a high-volume institution for pancreatic surgery were included in this retrospective study. Clinical data and perioperative outcomes were derived from the prospectively maintained institutional database. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) method was utilized to compare the RTP and OTP cohorts to minimize bias.ResultsA standardized surgical protocol was utilized for RTP following a learning curve of RPD and RDP. The median operative time for patients who underwent RTP was significantly decreased compared to those who underwent OTP [300 (IQR, 250–360) vs. 360 min (IQR, 300–525), P=0.031]. Additionally, en bloc resection and spleen-preserving rates were also higher in the RTP cohort. Major 30-day morbidity (Clavien-Dindo > IIIa) and 90-day mortality were similar between the two cohorts. After a median follow-up time of 15 (IQR, 8–24) months, both the RTP and OTP cohorts had a comparable quality of life regarding exocrine and endocrine insufficiency.ConclusionsRTP appears to be safe and feasible when utilized in high-volume centers for the indicated management of benign and highly selected malignant pancreatic disease. However, further prospective randomized studies are needed to assess the feasibility of this approach.     

Exercise Therapy in Addition to an Orthosis Reduces Pain More Than an Orthosis Alone in Patients With Thumb Base Osteoarthritis: A Propensity Score Matching Study

ObjectiveTo compare the effect of exercises and orthotics with orthotics alone on pain and hand function in patients with first carpometacarpal joint (CMC-1) osteoarthritis (OA) and to predict outcomes on pain and hand function of exercises and orthotics.DesignProspective cohort study with propensity score matching.SettingData collection took place in 13 outpatient clinics for hand surgery and hand therapy in The Netherlands.ParticipantsA consecutive, population-based sample of patients with CMC-1 OA (N=173) was included in this study, of which 84 were matched on baseline demographics and baseline primary outcomes.InterventionsExercises and orthotics versus orthotics alone.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcomes included pain and hand function at 3 months, measured using visual analog scale (VAS, 0-100) and the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ, 0-100).ResultsA larger decrease in VAS pain at rest (11.1 points difference; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-20.3; P=.002) and during physical load (22.7 points difference; 95% confidence interval, 13.6-31.0; P<.001) was found in the exercise + orthotic group compared to the orthotic group. In addition, larger improvement was found for the MHQ subscales pain, work performance, aesthetics, and satisfaction in the exercise + orthotic group. No differences were found on other outcomes. Baseline scores of metacarpophalangeal flexion, presence of scaphotrapeziotrapezoid OA, VAS pain at rest, heavy physical labor, and MHQ total predicted primary outcomes for the total exercise + orthotic group (N=131).ConclusionsNon-surgical treatment of patients with CMC-1 OA should include exercises, since there is a relatively large treatment effect compared to using an orthosis alone. Future research should study exercises and predictors in a more standardized setting to confirm this finding.     

基于PSM法的真实世界中国产与原研注射用盐酸万古霉素疗效和安全性一致性评价的队列研究

目的：比较国产与原研注射用盐酸万古霉素疗效和安全性的一致性,为医生选择原研和仿制提供依据,进一步促进合理用药。方法：回顾性分析2016年7月1日-2018年6月30日中国人民解放军南部战区总医院使用国产（浙江医药生产,商品名来可信）和原研（美国礼来生产,商品名稳可信）注射用盐酸万古霉素的1 602例患者资料,经排除后纳入644例有效患者,其中来可信组147例,稳可信组497例,采用1：3最邻近匹配法对2组患者行倾向性评分匹配（propensity score matching,PSM）,获得组间协变量均衡样本,以临床有效率和细菌学清除率评估疗效。匹配后的样本采用卡方检验评估2种药物的疗效差别。本研究是做病例分析,而且论文不涉及患者信息和隐私,豁免伦理审批。结果：倾向性评分匹配后,来可信组和稳可信组的疗效比较差异无显著性（P>0.05）。但由于所搜集的不良反应例数太少,安全性评价无法做统计学评估。结论：PSM法可有效均衡非随机研究组间协变量。国产与原研注射用盐酸万古霉素的疗效具有一致性。     

PSMA6/PSMC6/PSMA3基因多态性与系统性红斑狼疮发病的相关性

目的:明确蛋白酶体(PSM)相关基因单核苷酸多态性与中国人群系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的相关性。方法:PCR扩增101例SLE患者和143名正常对照者外周血目的基因片段,通过二代测序对目的基因片段进行测序检测蛋白酶体20 s亚单位和相关ATP酶基因的4个目标位点PSMA6(rs2277460),PSMA3(rs2348071),PSMC6(rs2295826,rs2295827)的基因型及等位基因频率。结果:SLE组及对照组中rs2277460(GG,GA、AA)基因型频率分别为97.22%,1.85%%,0.93%和96.5%,3.5%,0;rs2348071AA,AG,GG分别为30.56%、53.7%、15.74%和33.57%、50.35%、16.08%;rs2295826AA,AG,GG分别为75.93%、24.07%、0和69.23%、29.37%、1.4%;rs2295827CC、CT、TT分别为78.7%、19.45%、1.85%和76.22%、20.98%、2.8%,均无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:PSMA6/PSMC6/PSMA3 SNPs可能与SLE的发病无关。     

循经感传治疗胸痹的临床研究

应用声电针激发感传气至病所的方法治疗冠心病３０例，临床疗效和心电图疗效均优于药物对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。循经感传治疗能显著改善患者的左心功能状态和心肌复极电位，降低血液粘度。动物实验表明，声电针＂内关＂穴区能明显减轻家兔急性缺血心肌超微结构损伤的程度，改善缺血心肌的心电图，其机理可能与包括心钠素在内的心脏内分泌系统参与的全身性调整有关。     

Positive association between preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and risk of the status of positive surgical margins by prostate cancer: results in 497 consecutive patients treated only by radical prostatectomy

BackgroundPositive surgical margins (PSM) is one of the most important factors affecting the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa) patients after radical prostatectomy (RP). Although some studies have found the preoperative systematic inflammation-based scores the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) can predict the incidence and prognosis of PCa, few studies have explored the predictive value of preoperative systematic inflammation-based scores on the PSMs for PCa patients after RP.MethodsFrom June 2014 to September 2020 a total of 497 patients underwent RP at our institution. Blood samples from all patients were collected within one week before surgery. Preoperative clinical characteristics including age, body mass index (BMI), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and biopsy Gleason sum (BGS) were assessed. Postoperatively pathological specimens were assessed for pathological Gleason sum (PGS), pathological stage, and margin status.ResultsIn the multivariable analysis including preoperative variables, PSA and LMR were the independent predictive factors for PSM (OR: 2.817; 95% CI, 1.836–4.320, P<0.001; OR: 1.124; 95% CI, 1.018–1.240, P=0.021. Considering pre-, intra-, and postoperative variables, BGS, perineural invasion, seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), pathologic Gleason sum (PGS) combined, were associated with increased risk of PSM in the univariable analysis (P<0.001 for all variables). However, in the multivariable analysis, perineural invasion (OR: 2.672; 95% CI, 1.649–4.330; P<0.001), PGS (OR: 2.52; 95% CI, 1.556–4.082; P<0.001) were independent predictive factors for the incidence of PSM. Finally, LMR was shown to be an independent predictive factor (OR: 0.881; 95% CI, 0.779–0.996; P=0.043) for apical PSMs, with increasing LMR predicting the lower incidence of apex location. And we also found that LMR was an independent factor that predicts multifocal positive margins (OR: 1.179; 95% CI, 1.023–1.358; P=0.023).ConclusionsPreoperative LMR could be used as an independent predictor to predict the incidence of PSMs after RP. And Considering pre-, intra-, and postoperative variables, we also found that preoperative LMR could predict the occurrence of apical and multifocal PSMs.