(±)2-(7,8,3,′4,′5′-五甲氧基)黄烷通过诱导周期阻滞和细胞凋亡抑制人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖

目的研究(±)2-(7,8,3′,4′,5′-五甲氧基)黄烷(PMF)体外对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞的增殖抑制作用及机制。方法MTT法检测不同浓度PMF体外对SGC-7901细胞的增殖抑制作用;流式细胞仪检测PMF对细胞周期分布的影响;Western blot法检测PMF对凋亡相关蛋白PARP、caspase-3表达的影响。结果不同浓度的PMF作用72 h可剂量依赖性地抑制SGC-7901细胞增殖;PMF作用12 h可使SGC-7901细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期;PMF作用24 h细胞周期检测可见亚二倍体峰(SubG1),并可诱导细胞凋亡相关蛋白PARP、caspase-3的活化。结论PMF体外可抑制人胃癌SGC-7901细胞的增殖,其增殖抑制作用与诱导G2/M周期阻滞和细胞凋亡有关。     

Testosterone triggers the brain-pituitary-gonad axis of juvenile female catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis Bloch) for precocious ovarian maturation

The brain-pituitary-gonad axis of precociously matured females (PMFs) of Indian catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis), produced by testosterone treatment during juvenile stages, was analyzed by studies on immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (ir-GnRH) secreting cells of the preoptic area of brain, plasma levels of gonadotropin (GtH-II), testosterone (T), and estradiol-17 beta (E(2)). GnRH cells of PMFs were large and strongly immunoreactive in comparison to control females. PMFs showed higher plasma levels of GtH-II, T, and E(2) than did control females. The ovaries of PMFs contained ripe ova, whereas control females had ova at maturing stages. This study suggests testosterone-mediated activation of the brain-pituitary-ovarian axis for precocious maturation in juvenile catfish.     

Identification and mutagenicity of aflatoxicol-M1 produced by metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxicol by liver fractions from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fed beta-naphthoflavone

beta-Naphthoflavone (beta NF) fed to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) at 50 or 500 ppm in the diet, modified the in vitro metabolism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by the postmitochondrial fraction (PMF) of the liver. Production of aflatoxicol (AFL) was significantly less in the 500 ppm beta NF-fed group (33.9 ng/mg protein) than in the control group (45.7 ng/mg protein), aflatoxin M1 production was dependent on the dose of beta NF, being greatest in the 500 ppm beta NF-fed group (48.9 ng/mg protein), intermediate in the 50 ppm beta NF-fed group (3.7 ng/mg protein), and was not detected in controls. A new trout metabolite, 4-hydroxyaflatoxicol (aflatoxicol M1, AFLM1) was also detected in small amounts from in vitro metabolism by liver PMF from beta NF-fed trout. Sufficient quantities of AFLM1 for confirmation of identity by ultraviolet spectra, mass spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were prepared by biotransformation of AFL using liver microsomes and isolation by HPLC. In a modified Ames mutagen assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA98, ALFM1 was 4.1% as mutagenic as AFB1 in a previous determination. The carcinogenicity of AFLM1 to rainbow trout is expected to be considerably less than that of AFB1.     

Myeloproliferative neoplasms

The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are a group of clonal myeloid proliferations characterised by varying combinations of increased circulating red cells, granulocytes and platelets caused by excess proliferation of haemopoietic precursors in bone marrow with retained cellular maturation. These disorders typically pursue an indolent course requiring management of the consequences of the increased circulating elements (predominantly effects of thrombosis of haemorrhage in different body organs). Patients have complex symptoms, including fatigue, which are not yet fully explained. The MPN carry varying risks of progression to an acute phase characterised by increasing bone marrow and circulating blasts cells, and/or to fibrosis characterised by falling peripheral cell counts and increasing splenomegaly. Megakaryocyte morphology in BMT samples provides essential clues for diagnosis and subtyping in MPN; high quality and consistent reticulin staining for accurate assessment is also key.     

Impact of 2016 WHO diagnosis of early and overt primary myelofibrosis on presentation and outcome of 232 patients treated with ruxolitinib

The 2016 WHO criteria identified early primary myelofibrosis (PMF) as an individual entity with milder clinical features and better outcome compared with overt PMF. Here, we compared early and overt PMF patients treated with ruxolitinib in terms of baseline clinical/laboratory characteristics, response, and toxicity to treatment. We observed that early‐PMF patients achieve better and more stable spleen and symptoms responses, with significantly lower rates of hematological toxicities. No differences in overall and leukemia‐free survival were detected between the two cohorts. The application of 2016 WHO criteria is crucial to identify those PMF patients who deserve a stricter monitoring during treatment.     

The evolution of pulmonary tuberculosis in coal miners in Asturias,Northern Spain

A prospective study of 53,753 coal miners was undertaken at the Instituto Nacional de Silicosis (INS) in Asturias, Spain, during the period 1971 to 1985. This included a complete medical history, physical examination, pulmonary function tests, and intensive search for pulmonary tuberculosis. A total of 1,136 new cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis were found, all of which were confirmed by bacteriology. The average incidence was 150±31 cases per 100,000 miners year^–1. Annual analysis revealed that this figure remained fairly stable during the period of study. Only a reduction of the prevalence in the subgroup of miners with massive pulmonary fibrosis was seen in later years. The risk of tuberculosis among miners was three times greater than that for the general population of the same area. Our inability to reduce the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in a large group of coal miners, in spite of the fact that the treatments given were effective and that in the last eight years chemoprophylaxis was given to close contacts, should be emphasized.     

一例PMF型尘肺之X线胸片、CT与病理对照

目的:严格执行我国尘肺诊断标准,健全尘肺职报制度。材料与方法:一例退休煤矿工术前X线胸片与CT被诊断为肺癌,术后病理证实为PMF型煤工尘肺。结果:X线胸片与CT片上均可见右上肺叶内约4cm~3大小之块影,经手术切除病理证实,该团块大小为6×6×5cm,其成份为胶原纤维,煤矽结节,尘斑以及大量尘细胞与游离尘混杂而成,结合职业史,定为PMF型3期煤工尘肺。结论:PMF型尘肺在X线胸片和/或CT上的表现特征是在肿物阴影的背景上可看到来自胶原纤维增生的高密度线条状和/或点状影,只要仔细判别,就不难避免误诊。     

Pharmaceutical applications of vibrational chemical imaging and chemometrics: a review

The emergence of chemical imaging (CI) has gifted spectroscopy an additional dimension. Chemical imaging systems complement chemical identification by acquiring spatially located spectra that enable visualization of chemical compound distributions. Such techniques are highly relevant to pharmaceutics in that the distribution of excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredient informs not only a product's behavior during manufacture but also its physical attributes (dissolution properties, stability, etc.). The rapid image acquisition made possible by the emergence of focal plane array detectors, combined with publication of the Food and Drug Administration guidelines for process analytical technology in 2001, has heightened interest in the pharmaceutical applications of CI, notably as a tool for enhancing drug quality and understanding process. Papers on the pharmaceutical applications of CI have been appearing in steadily increasing numbers since 2000. The aim of the present paper is to give an overview of infrared, near-infrared and Raman imaging in pharmaceutics. Sections 2 and 3 deal with the theory, device set-ups, mode of acquisition and processing techniques used to extract information of interest. Section 4 addresses the pharmaceutical applications.     

Serum proteomic analysis reveals potential serum biomarkers for occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis caused by trichloroethylene

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an industrial solvent with widespread occupational exposure and also a major environmental contaminant. Occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis induced by trichloroethylene (OMLDT) is an autoimmune disease and it has become one major hazard in China. In this study, sera from 3 healthy controls and 3 OMLDT patients at different disease stages were used for a screening study by 2D-DIGE and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. Eight proteins including transthyretin (TTR), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), haptoglobin, clusterin, serum amyloid A protein (SAA), apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein C-III and apolipoprotein C-II were found to be significantly altered among the healthy, acute-stage, healing-stage and healed-stage groups. Specifically, the altered expression of TTR, RBP4 and haptoglobin were further validated by Western blot analysis and ELISA. Our data not only suggested that TTR, RBP4 and haptoglobin could serve as potential serum biomarkers of OMLDT, but also indicated that measurement of TTR, RBP4 and haptoglobin or their combination could help aid in the diagnosis, monitoring the progression and therapy of the disease.