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1.
Continuous utero-placental circulation, and patent umbilical blood vessels ensure an uninterrupted transfer of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus as well as clearance of metabolic waste products. The onset of labour characterized by progressive and strong uterine contractions poses a threat to fetal oxygenation as a result of collapsing the spiral arterioles traversing the myometrium to supply the placental bed, and repetitive compression of the blood vessels within the umbilical cord. Human fetuses are equipped with compensatory mechanisms to cope with transient interruptions of blood supply during labour. The ability to compensate may be blunted in cases of poor fetal reserves, increased metabolic demand (macrosomia or maternal fever), and due to non-hypoxic pathways (e.g. chorioamniontis or fetal hypovolumia-hypotension syndrome). Intrapartum fetal surveillance involves prompt recognition of the features that signal the onset of fetal decompensation on the cardiotocograph (CTG) to ensure a timely intervention to avoid hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) or perinatal deaths. This article summarises a ‘physiological approach’ to the interpretation of the CTG which, in places, conflicts with other current UK guidance.  相似文献   
2.
目的 揭示踝及足背皮神经的整体分布模式,为皮瓣移植感觉重建提供形态学指导。 方法 成年尸体24具,紧贴肌表面摘取含皮下脂肪的踝及足背皮肤,用改良的Sihler’s染色法显示并观察皮神经整体分布模式。 结果 在Sihler’s染色的标本中,肉眼可见隐神经支配踝前区(40.01±7.6)%、踝后区(30±6.7)%、以及部分足背内侧缘。腓浅神经支配踝前区(60.03±6.8)%,其足背内侧皮神经支配足背内侧区、第1、2趾背及第3趾背内侧半;95.83%的足背中间皮神经分布到第3趾背外侧半、第4、5趾背。腓肠神经支配踝后区(70±5.3)%,其足背外侧皮神经支配足背外侧缘皮肤。腓深神经分布到第1、2趾背相对面。初级神经支密度以踝前区最高,次级及以下神经支密度和总的神经支密度均以足背内侧区最高。 结论 在踝或足背的皮瓣移植中,建议把踝前区或足背内侧区设计为利于感觉重建的首选供区或感觉需求较高的受区。  相似文献   
3.
AIM: To investigate the ratio of spontaneous regression of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and to explore the possible relevant predictive factors. METHODS: A retrospective review of 405 infants who were diagnosed with ROP and mother during pregnancy were collected. Stage, zone, and duration of ROP were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed on 51 possible predictive factors. RESULTS: Totally 356 infants showed spontaneous regression. The incidence was 100%, 95.3%, and 22.7% in stage 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The 13.4% of the ROP with plus disease eventually resolved spontaneously. All affected eyes of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (AP-ROP) failed to spontaneously regress. The mean duration of ROP was 7.2wk in patients with spontaneous resolution of ROP. Days of mechanical ventilation (OR=0.981, 95%CI, 0.965-0.997, P=0.021), retinal hemorrhage (OR=0.173, 95%CI, 0.064-0.470, P=0.001), delivery pattern (OR=2.750, 95%CI, 1.132-6.681, P=0.025), maternal anemia in pregnancy (OR=0.142, 95%CI, 0.036-0.563, P=0.005), the stages (at initial diagnosis OR=0.183, 95%CI, 0.041-0.816, P=0.026; at final diagnosis OR=0.031, 95%CI, 0.006-0.167, P<0.001), and with plus disease or not (OR=0.005, 95%CI, 0.001-0.031, P<0.001) were independent predictive factors of the spontaneous regression of ROP. CONCLUSION: Most mild ROP can spontaneously resolve. Active treatment is still recommended for stage 3 ROP, zone I ROP, AP-ROP, and ROP with plus disease. Prolonged mechanical ventilation and concurrent retinal hemorrhage reduce the likelihood of spontaneous ROP resolution. The pattern of delivery and the mother’s anemia during pregnancy can also affect the prognosis of ROP.  相似文献   
4.
《Pancreatology》2022,22(6):782-788
BackgroundThe different oncological outcomes of invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (I-IPMN) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are debated. This study aimed to compare disease recurrence patterns and histopathological characteristics in patients with resected I-IPMN and PDAC.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing surgical resection for stage I-III I-IPMN or PDAC between 2010 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy or resected for Tis neoplasia were excluded. All surgical specimens were re-staged according to AJCC-8th-edition.ResultsA total of 330 patients were included, of whom 43 had I-IPMN and 287 had PDAC. Median follow-up time was 26.7 (1.3–92.3) months and estimated median disease-free survival (DFS) was 60.3 months (47.2–73.4) for I-IPMN and 23.8 (19.3–28.2) months for PDAC (p < 0.001). During follow-up, 32.6% of I-IPMN and 67.9% of PDAC patients experienced recurrence (p < 0.001). The sites of first recurrence were the lungs (38.5% vs 13.1%, p = 0.027), liver (28.6% vs 45.0%, p = 0.180) and local (15.4% vs 36.6%, p = 0.101) for I-IPMN and PDAC, respectively. At multivariate analysis, I-IPMN histology remained an independent predictive factor for longer DFS (OR 0.528, CI 95% 0.278–1.000, p = 0.050), regardless of stage or adjuvant chemotherapy. I-IPMN and PDAC differed in rates of neuroinvasion (51.2% vs 97.2%) and positive lymph node status (N+) (46.5% vs 82.7%), especially in patients with lower T status.ConclusionI-IPMN showed a different recurrence pattern compared to PDAC, with a higher lung tropism, and longer DFS. This different biological behavior is associated with lower rates of neuroinvasion and nodal involvement, especially in early-stage disease.  相似文献   
5.
Background: An utmost increase of breast cancer burden during the last several decades was reported in Asian countries. Findings from literature confirm that risk factors of breast cancers can be modifiable and non-modifiable in nature. Objective: The present study is designed to identify specific modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with breast cancer. Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted considering 187 cases as women diagnosed with breast cancer and 187 hospital-controls as women without having breast cancer visiting the hospital. Other than standard risk factors, stress is measured using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and stress is measured using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were assessed using conditional logistic regression to find out significant association with breast cancer. Results: Regular multi-vitamin uptake (OR = 3.38; 95%CI = 1.69 – 6.77; p-value = 0.001), poor sleep (OR = 11.29; 95%CI = 4.36 – 29.25; p-value < 0.001), irregular sleep (OR = 34.11; 95%CI = 10.03 – 115.92; p-value < 0.001) and severe stress (OR = 6.74; 95%CI = 3.06 – 14.81; p-value < 0.001) were found to be the highest odds ratio among all modifiable risk factor of breast cancer. Also, age at first childbirth less than 30 years (OR = 0.44; 95%CI = 0.25 – 0.78; p-value = 0.005) was found protective against breast cancer. Conclusion: In our study, stress, sleeping pattern, and regular multi-vitamin uptake were found to be significant modifiable risk factors of breast cancer. None of the non-modifiable risk factors were found to be significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer.  相似文献   
6.
《Clinical lung cancer》2020,21(6):534-544
BackgroundReliable prediction of progression patterns and failure sites for patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma is valuable for physicians to deliver personalized tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 266 patients who had stage IV lung adenocarcinoma and received first-line TKI treatment from 2013 to 2017 in Shanghai Chest Hospital. The clinical characteristics at initial diagnosis, progression patterns, and failure sites were analyzed with the attempt to identify some predictive factors for progression patterns and failure sites.ResultsAmong all patients, 62.4% developed systemic progression, and 37.6% developed oligoprogression. Both cohorts had a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 9 months. The percentage of patients who developed original and distant failure was 39.1% and 60.9%, respectively. Patients with oligometastasis at initial diagnosis were more prone to develop oligoprogression (odds ratio [OR], 4.370; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.881-10.151; P = .001), whereas pulmonary metastasis was negatively correlated with oligoprogression (OR, 0.567; 95% CI, 0.330-0.974; P = .04). Both oligometastasis diagnosis (OR, 2.959; 95% CI, 1.347-6.500; P = .007) and the maximum diameter of the primary lung lesion (threshold 3.25 cm: OR, 3.646; 95% CI, 2.041-6.515; P = .0001) were strong predictive factors for original failures. Osseous metastasis at initial diagnosis might be an indication for distant failure (OR, 0.536; 95% CI, 0.316-0.909; P = .021).ConclusionOver one-half of patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma receiving first-line TKI treatment developed systemic progression and distant failure. Metastasis patterns at initial diagnosis was the most important predictive factor for progression patterns and failure sites. The maximum diameter of the primary lung lesion and evidence of osseous metastasis were also found to be significant indicative factors for failure sites.  相似文献   
7.
8.
目的 观察大艾段温针灸治疗肺气虚寒型变应性鼻炎(AR)的疗效并探索其作用机制。方法 将入选病例随机分为观察组、对照组各105例。观察组大艾段温针灸,每日1次,每周治疗4次,4周为1个疗程。对照组急性期丙酸氟替卡松鼻喷雾剂喷鼻,枸地氯雷他定片口服。病情稳定后,枸地氯雷他定片停药,丙酸氟替卡松鼻喷雾剂继续喷鼻。4周为1个疗程。观察2组治疗结束时及治疗后30 d的中医证候总积分、西医临床症状总积分、体征总积分、视觉模拟评分法(VAS评分)以及血清免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)水平的变化。结果 治疗后2组中医证候总积分、临床症状总积分、体征总积分以及鼻部整体症状的严重程度VAS评分均明显低于同组治疗前(P<0.01),观察组明显低于对照组(P<0.05~0.01);血清3项指标,组内及组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗结束后30 d随访,观察组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05);2组中医证候总积分、临床症状总积分、体征总积分以及鼻部整体症状的严重程度VAS评分均明显低于同组治疗前(P<0.01);观察组明显低于对照组(P<0.05~0.01);血清3项指标,IFN-γ含量,对照组治疗结束后30 d与治疗前比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余各组内、组间3项指标比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 大艾段温针灸法治疗肺气虚寒型变应性鼻炎的疗效较好,可显著改善患者的中医证候、临床症状、体征、VAS评分,在调节血清IgE、IL-4、IFN-γ含量方面优于对照组,作用机制可能也与降低血清IgE、IL-4含量,升高IFN-γ含量相关。   相似文献   
9.
目的分析武汉两所医院耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)临床分离株产碳青霉烯酶的情况,以及分子流行病学特征。方法收集武汉两所医院2018年1—10月临床分离的42株非重复CRKP,采用Carba NP试验方法对菌株产碳青霉烯酶情况进行初筛,聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测碳青霉烯酶基因携带情况,采用质粒接合试验分析耐药基因的水平转移情况,应用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)进行亲缘关系分析。结果 42株CRKP菌株中14株Carba NP试验阳性,其中有10株扩增出NDM-1基因,3株扩增出KPC-2基因。共13株CRKP碳青霉烯基因检测阳性,其中12株质粒接合试验成功。PFGE分析结果显示,携带NDM-1基因的CRKP菌株共分成6型,无明显优势型;携带KPC-2基因的CRKP菌株为同一型别。结论检出产NDM-1和KPC-2的CRKP菌株,质粒接合试验提示质粒介导的水平传播在碳青霉烯酶基因的播散过程中可能起重要作用。  相似文献   
10.
目的观察加味桂枝甘草龙骨牡蛎汤治疗心胆气虚型失眠的疗效。方法选取2017年10月—2019年4月闵行区中心医院收治的84例辨证符合心胆气虚型的失眠症患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其随机分为治疗组42例和对照组42例。对照组患者采用艾司唑仑片进行治疗,治疗组患者在此基础上采用加味桂枝甘草龙骨牡蛎汤进行治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、睡眠状态自评量表(SRSS)评分、炎症因子水平以及治疗后的临床疗效。结果治疗后,治疗组心胆气虚型失眠患者PSQI各项评分及SRSS评分降低,且治疗组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组心胆气虚型失眠患者的睡眠改善总有效率88.23%优于对照组64.71%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组和对照组心胆气虚型失眠患者TNF-α和IL-6水平均显著降低,且治疗组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论加味桂枝甘草龙骨牡蛎汤可降低心胆气虚型失眠患者炎症反应,改善其睡眠质量,疗效确切。  相似文献   
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