Ethical global health in nursing education: An integrative review

AimThe purpose of this integrative review is to provide a comprehensive review of ethical considerations for host communities and nursing programs in planning, implementing and evaluating global health experiences for nursing students.BackgroundGlobal health experiences for nursing students are proliferating rapidly across university settings while at the same time decreasing the average time spent in the host country engaged with local communities. Global health experiences are an area where students can experience ethics as it is applied across varied contexts including resource limited international settings. As nursing education expands its global programming, exploring the ethical implications of designing, implementing and evaluating GHEs becomes pivotal to build respectful, sustainable relationships with global partners and best prepare nursing students for ethical professional practice in an interconnected world.DesignWe conducted an integrative review to examine ethical considerations in development of ethical global health experiences that benefit, rather than harm, host communities and participating nursing student guests.MethodsThe search included articles published in English language, peer-reviewed journals between 1998 and 2021 that discussed ethics in the context of nursing students traveling internationally for global health experiences. Eighteen articles met criteria for review.ResultsOverall, findings demonstrate relatively little research specific to ethical engagement in global health experiences. The articles in this integrative review discussed a range of ethical attributes including reciprocity or collaboration, respect, sustainability or commitment, justice and openness. Recommendations based on research and non-research articles are provided.ConclusionsEthical comportment in global health experiences requires careful planning, implementation and evaluation to assure an equitable and sustainable partnership between host community, faculty and nursing student guests.     

高校科技期刊的业务流程再造实践——以《中国有色金属学报》为例

【目的】 在媒体融合的背景下,探索高校科技期刊获得良性、可持续发展的业务流程再造方案。【方法】 通过问卷调查法和深度访谈法,对《中国有色金属学报》学术用户的实际需求进行诊断分析,并依据《中国有色金属学报》一年内的业务流程再造实践,总结和设计普适性较强的高校科技期刊业务流程再造方案。【结果】 《中国有色金属学报》在学术用户群体服务与管理、学术资源挖掘和利用、缩短出版周期和媒体融合等方面进行业务流程再造并取得了显著成效。【结论】 高校科技期刊要想谋求新的发展和突破,必须基于用户日益增长的学术需求进行业务拓展,同时基于技术和机制,与时俱进地进行业务流程再造。     

护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表的编制及信效度检验

目的编制护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表,并进行信效度检验。方法以计划行为理论为框架,采用文献回顾、半结构式访谈法形成量表的条目池;通过专家咨询、项目分析对量表条目进行筛选,初步形成护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表。采用方便抽样法,于2020年10—12月选取江苏省6所医院(2所三级医院、2所二级医院、2所一级医院)的825名护士进行正式调查,检验问卷的信效度。结果护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表包括3个分量表(参与行为态度、主观行为规范、感知行为控制)、8个维度、17个条目。总量表的Cronbach'sα系数为0.927、重测信度系数为0.805。护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿与参与行为的相关系数为0.743(P<0.01)。因子分析提取出8个公因子,累积方差贡献率为72.33%。结论护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表具有较好的信效度,可用于护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿的评估。     

中医移动医疗App信息服务现状研究

以“七麦数据”网站收录的中医移动医疗App作为研究对象，采用网络调查法和文献分析法，根据“七麦数据”对移动医疗App的分类，结合中医移动医疗App的信息服务内容和特点，将筛选出的中医移动医疗App划分为医疗健康类、中医养生类、知识传播类、全面综合类，并根据“七麦数据”网站中对各类中医移动医疗App的打分及累计下载量筛选出最具代表性的12款中医移动医疗App，从全面性、人性化、安全性、实用性4个一级指标和40个二级指标对其信息服务现状进行评价，指出当前中医移动医疗App信息服务存在的问题并提出建议。     

A commitment to marginalized children in the European Union: The hope and challenges of the EU Child Guarantee

While children in general are usually seen as a societal priority, many children are disadvantaged by marginalization, with adverse effects on health and development. Following feasibility studies, the European Commission has now adopted a formal Child Guarantee of service access. This paper links the Feasibility Studies to other reports on the need to address marginalized and institutionalized children. The problems in identifying and quantifying such children are outlined, as are the challenges of planning for these groups of children and the difficulty of finding universal definitions and data. This European Union initiative is timely, given that around a quarter of European children are marginalized, while the effects of Covid-19 will add to this marginalization.     

Barriers to vaccination service delivery within general practice: opportunity to make a sustainable difference in Aboriginal child health?

Objective: To identify behavioural barriers of service provision within general practice that may be impacting the vaccination coverage rates of Aboriginal children in Perth, Western Australia (WA). Methods: A purposive developed survey was distributed to 316 general practices across Perth and three key informant interviews were conducted using a mixed‐methods approach. Results: Of the surveyed participants (n=101), 67.4% were unaware of the low vaccination coverage in Aboriginal children; 64.8% had not received cultural sensitivity training in their workplace and 46.8% reported having inadequate time to follow up overdue child vaccinations. Opportunistic vaccination was not routinely performed by 30.8% of participants. Key themes identified in the interviews were awareness, inclusion and cultural safety. Conclusion: Inadequate awareness of the current rates, in association with a lack of cultural safety training, follow‐up and opportunistic practice, may be preventing greater vaccination uptake in Aboriginal children in Perth. Cultural safety is a critical component of the acceptability and accessibility of services; lack of awareness may restrict the development of strategies designed to equitably address low coverage. Implications: The findings of this study provide an opportunity to raise awareness among clinicians in general practice and inform future strategies to equitably deliver targeted vaccination services to Aboriginal children.     

我国城镇脑卒中患者住院卫生服务利用情况及住院费用的影响因素研究

背景　作为全球第二大常见致死病因，脑卒中给患者带来了极大的经济负担和家庭负担。患者的卫生服务利用状况会影响其医疗费用的支出，但目前关于我国城镇脑卒中患者住院卫生服务利用情况的研究较少。目的　了解我国城镇脑卒中患者的住院服务利用情况，并探讨住院费用的影响因素，为降低患者疾病经济负担、加强患者经济保护、控制医疗费用过快增长提供理论支持和现实依据。方法　数据来源于“全国基本医疗保险卫生服务利用调查数据库”（2010-2015年），于2018年10月采用机械抽样法在数据库中抽取城镇缺血性脑卒中患者56 485例，收集其基本情况和住院服务利用情况（住院次数、住院天数、住院费用）。采用单因素分析比较不同基本情况脑卒中患者的住院服务利用差异，采用多元线性回归分析脑卒中患者住院费用的影响因素。结果　我国城镇脑卒中患者的年均住院次数为1（0）次，次均住院天数为11.0（6.0）d，次均住院费用为6 070.06（8 289.87）元。不同性别、年龄、险种类型、卒中类型、医院级别、地区、城市类别的患者，年均住院次数、次均住院天数、次均住院费用比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析结果显示：性别、年龄、险种类型、卒中类型、医院级别、地区、城市类别、次均住院天数是患者住院费用的影响因素，其中男性患者住院费用较女性高1.8%，年龄每增长1岁患者住院费用上升0.07%，职工医疗保险患者住院费用较居民医疗保险患者高20.1%，卒中类型为入脑前动脉未特指的闭塞或狭窄引起的脑梗死（I63.2）、大脑动脉血栓形成引起的脑梗死（I63.3）患者住院费用分别较脑梗死（I63）患者高40.8%、38.8%，二级、三级医院就诊患者住院费用分别较基层医院就诊患者高72.1%、121.1%，东部地区患者住院费用分别较中部、西部地区高23.5%、34.0%（P<0.05）；住院次数也是患者住院费用的影响因素，住院次数每增加1次患者住院费用上升57.7%（P<0.05）。结论　不同特征脑卒中患者的住院卫生服务利用状况存在差异，住院费用与多种因素有关；应通过提高医院诊疗技术、缩短住院天数、加强对患者的健康教育等方式来实现费用控制，降低患者负担。