耳穴贴压联合中医饮食调护对糖尿病肾病患者的影响

目的:观察耳穴贴压联合中医饮食调护对糖尿病肾病患者的影响。方法:将糖尿病肾病患者60例按随机数字表法分成2组,对照组30例患者采用耳穴贴压治疗,观察组30例患者采用耳穴贴压联合中医饮食调护治疗。对比2组患者治疗前后肾功能指标、血清糖化血红蛋白、尿微量白蛋白、24h尿蛋白定量变化和肾小管损伤情况。结果:2组治疗后,血尿素氮(BUN)、内生肌酐清除率(CCr)、24 h尿白蛋白排泄率(UAE)和血肌酐(SCr)水平均明显优于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组肾功能指标BUN、CCr、UAE低于对照组,SCr则有所提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者治疗后,尿蛋白定量、尿微量白蛋白和血清糖化血红蛋白水平均明显优于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后尿蛋白、尿微量白蛋白、血清糖化血红蛋白指标低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者治疗后,β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)和N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)水平均明显优于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后肾小管损伤指标β2-MG、NAG低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:耳穴贴压联合中医饮食调护在糖尿病肾病患者中疗效明确,可改善肾功能指标,减轻肾小管损伤,改善临床症状。     

pH、过氧化氢、白细胞酯酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶联合筛查、诊断阴道炎评价

目的：评价pH、过氧化氢、白细胞酯酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶联合筛查、辅助诊断阴道炎的方法可行性。方法选择阴道分泌物检查患者236例,分别进行p H、过氧化氢、白细胞酯酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶四项联合检查,未染色显微镜检查,及相关确诊实验,通过诊断标准对患者确诊。对四联检测,应用独立项目判读结果的判读方案一,及应用两项联合判读结果的判读方案二,获得两种检测结果。用χ2检验分别统计四项联合检测两种结果与显微镜结果及诊断结果的一致性,并对四项联合检测实验进行诊断效能评价。结果四项联合检测两种结果均与显微镜结果及诊断结果一致程度较好,P值均为0．000（＜0．05）,但判读方案二有更高的kappa值,分别是0．914及0．862;四项联合检测判读方式一达到的诊断的灵敏度为94．2％、特异度为87．7％、Youden指数为81．9％;判读方式二达到的诊断灵敏度为90．5％、特异度为96．9％、Youden指数为87．4％。结论：pH、过氧化氢、白细胞酯酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶四项联合检查,在不同结果判读方式下,对诊断阴道炎的特异度、灵敏度有影响。灵敏度高的判读方案一,较适用于筛查用途;而Youden指数更高的判读方案二,比较适合辅助诊断;可在此基础上进一步优化专项检测卡,用于基础医疗卫生的筛查与诊断。     

A novel laboratory procedure to validate American Urological Association guideline on vasectomy success and to diagnose obstructive azoospermia

The objective was to develop a laboratory procedure to validate American Urological Association (AUA) Guideline on vasectomy success when nonmotile spermatozoa are found in the post-vasectomy ejaculate. The neutral α-glucosidase (NAG) an epididymal protein assay modified to determine the activity at 30 and 90 min of incubation from 24 pre- and 47 post-vasectomy ejaculates. The difference between the two points in the relative activity was calculated and if the difference was nonsignificant will confirm vasectomy success. The mean differences in the relative NAG activity were significantly different in pre- and post-vasectomy ejaculates, respectively. The mean differences in the relative NAG activity were similar in post-vasectomy ejaculates with and without nonmotile spermatozoa. No difference in relative NAG activity in post-vasectomy ejaculates between two time points of incubation may be a reliable method to confirm occlusion of the vas deferens. It also validates the recommendation by AUA Guideline on vasectomy success in the presence of few nonmotile spermatozoa.     

建瓴汤联合卡托普利对大鼠高血压及肾脏的影响

目的研究建瓴汤联合卡托普利对高血压大鼠的降压效应及肾脏保护作用。方法将60只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分出10只作为正常组予常规饮食;余50只大鼠予高盐饮食10周,建立高血压模型,造模成功后,将大鼠分为中药组(建瓴汤)、西药组(卡托普利)、西联组(卡托普利和氢氯噻嗪)、中西组(卡托普利和建瓴汤)、模型组(生理盐水),用药3月。分别在用药前、用药1月及3月时测量大鼠尾动脉血压,用药3月后检测各组大鼠尿微量白蛋白(m ALB)及尿N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶(NAG酶)浓度,光镜下观察肾脏病理形态学变化。结果 (1)血压:用药1月后,除中药组外各用药组血压与正常组比较无差异,与模型组比较均下降(P<0.01);用药3月后,与正常组比较,各用药组均无差异。(2)尿m ALB和尿NAG酶:与正常组比较,各组大鼠两指标均升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,西药组两指标升高(P<0.01);与西药组比较,中药组、中西组均降低(P<0.01)。(3)肾病理形态学变化:中药组、中西组较西药组、西联组肾脏病变程度轻。结论建瓴汤单用有显著降压效应,与卡托普利联用时无协同降压作用,但能拮抗后者对高血压大鼠的肾脏损害作用。     

益肾运脾逐瘀方对慢性肾炎患者血肌酐及尿蛋白的影响

目的:观察益肾运脾逐瘀方对慢性肾炎患者血肌酐及尿蛋白的影响。方法:选取本院2013年1月—2014年12月门诊或住院治疗的慢性肾炎患者60例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组30例。对照组予颉沙坦、盐酸贝那普利口服治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用中药益肾运脾逐瘀方治疗。两组均3个月为1个疗程,1个疗程后比较疗效和尿蛋白、尿NAG酶、血肌酐、尿素氮水平。结果:对照组有效率为80.00%,治疗组有效率为93.33%,治疗组优于对照组(P0.05);治疗组治疗后尿蛋白、尿NAG酶水平优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:益肾运脾逐瘀方治疗慢性肾炎疗效显著,能明显改善患者尿蛋白、尿NAG酶水平。     

RENAL TUBULAR PEPTIDE CATABOLISM IN CHRONIC VASCULAR REJECTION

Chronic vascular rejection (CR) is the commonest cause of renal transplant loss, with few clues to etiology, but proteinuria is a common feature. In diseased native kidneys, proteinuria and progression to failure are linked. We proposed a pathogenic role for this excess protein at a tubular level in kidney diseases of dissimilar origin. We demonstrated in both nephrotic patients with normal function and in those with failing kidneys increased renal tubular catabolisman and turnover rates of a peptide marker, Aprotinin (Apr), linked to increased ammonia excretion and tubular injury. These potentially injurious processes were suppressed by reducing proteinuria with Lisinopril. Do similar mechanisms of renal injury and such a linkage also occur in proteinuric transplanted patients with CR, and if so, is Lisinopril then of beneficial value? We now examine these aspects in 11 patients with moderate/severe renal impairment (⁵¹CrEDTA clearance 26.2 ± 3.3 mL/min/1.73m²), proteinuria (6.1 ± 1.5 g/24 h) and biopsy proven CR. Lisinopril (10–40 mg) was given daily for 2 months in 7 patients. Four others were given oral sodium bicarbonate (Na HCO₃) for 2 months before adding Lisinopril. Renal tubular catabolism of intravenous ^99mTc-Apr (Apr^* 0.5 mg, 80 MBq), was measured before and after Lisinopril by γ-ray renal imaging and urinary radioactivity of the free radiolabel over 26 h. Fractional degradation was calculated from these data. Total 24 h urinary N-acetyl-β-glucoaminidase (NAG) and ammonia excretion in fresh timed urine collections were also measured every two weeks from two months before treatment. After Lisinopril proteinuria fell significantly (from 7.8 ± 2.2 to 3.4 ± 1.9 g/24 h, p < 0.05). This was associated with a reduction in metabolism of Apr^* over 26 h (from 0.5 ± 0.05 to 0.3 ± 0.005% dose/h, p < 0.02), and in fractional degradation (from 0.04 ± 0.009 to 0.02 ± 0.005/h, p <0.01). Urinary ammonia fell, but surprisingly not significantly and this was explained by the increased clinical acidosis after Lisinopril, (plasma bicarbonate fell from 19.1 ± 0.7 to 17.4 ± 0.8 mmol/L, p <0.01), an original observation. Total urinary NAG did fall significantly from a median of 2108 (range 1044–3816) to 1008 (76–2147) μmol/L, p < 0.05. There was no significant change in blood pressure or in measurements of glomerular hemodynamics. In the 4 patients who were given Na HCO₃ before adding Lisinopril, both acidosis (and hyperkalemia) were reversed and neither recurred after adding Lisinopril. These observations in proteinuric transplanted patients after Lisinopril treatment have not been previously described.     

Influence of pigments and pH of urine on the determination of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity with 2-methoxy-4-(2'-nitrovinyl)-phenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide

The influence of urinary pigments and urine pH on the spectrophotometric determination of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG; EC 3.2.1.30) activity with 2-methoxy-4-(2'-nitrovinyl)-phenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide as a substrate was studied. The investigation was performed with human and rabbit urine samples. It was found that alkaline urine pH values influenced NAG activity in two ways: 1) NAG activity decreased due to enzyme instability with pH increase, and 2) NAG activity increased because of the contribution of urinary pigments to absorbance of 2-methoxy-4-(2'-nitrovinyl)-phenol (MNP) at 505 nm. It was shown that besides the maximum (I) in the range of 350-360 nm of the absorption spectra of alkaline urine, there was a maximum (II) in the range of 380-460 nm. With the increase of pH, maximum II was shifted toward higher wavelengths and contributed to MNP absorption (5-90%). On the other hand, the maximum of MNP absorption was shifted toward lower wavelengths (495-400 nm) with increasing pH. Two procedures to eliminate the influence of urinary pigments are presented. The justification of applying a correction to the values of NAG activity in human and rabbit urine (a model system for studying the toxic effects of cadmium) was discussed.     

糖尿病性肾病患者尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性及其同功酶改变

本文测定了64例糖尿病患者24小时尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)活性及其同功酶NAG-B含量。结果表明:在糖尿病早期即有尿NAG活性增高。在糖尿病伴肾损害者,尿NAG、NAG-B活性均明显上升。同时还讨论了血清NAG活性与微血管病变的关系。     

尿半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂用于评价肾小管早期损伤的研究

目的探讨尿半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剞C（CYS-C）用于评估肾小管早期损伤的价值。方法对40例肾病患者测定尿中CYS-C、视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）和N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）,分析阳性检出率及三者的相关性。结果所有患者的CYS-C阳性检出率为60．0％,RBP为57．5％,NAG为67．5％;CYS-C与RBP有显著相关性,差异有统计学意义（r=0．743、P〈0．01）,CYS-C与NAG无相关性,差异无统计学意义（r=0．289、P〉0．05）。结论尿CYS-C与RBP均是提示肾小管早期损伤有效的指标,而且CYS-C的敏感性和稳定性较RBP高,测定方法也优于RBP。     

100例老年人尿NAG、尿沉渣定量检测结果分析

通过对老年人进行尿NAG和沉渣定量检测,经统计分析老年人尿NAG与对照成年组、儿童组比较(P<0.05),有显著意义,尿NAG属于细胞内溶酶体酶,主要来源于肾,特别是肾单位、近曲小管上皮细胞是一种灵敏的肾小管标志物,认为NAG活性增高与年龄增大,肾单位数减少,机能减退有一定的相关性.男性老年组尿沉渣红细胞、白细胞计数与对照成青年组、儿童组比较(P>0.05);女性老年组尿沉渣红细胞、白细胞与对照青年组、儿童组比较(P>0.05)均无显著意义.尿沉渣离心浓缩后滴入血细胞池内计数,再换算成每升的数量使其量化,建立老年人尿沉渣血细胞及NAG正常参考范围对泌尿系疾病的诊断及疗效监测有一定的实际意义.