术前眼位注视训练对老年白内障超声乳化摘除术患者术中眼位及术后视力恢复的影响

目的探讨术前眼位注视训练对老年白内障超声乳化摘除术患者术中眼位及术后视力恢复的影响。方法选取2018年9月-2019年9月我院收治的105例老年白内障超声乳化摘除术患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组52例和试验组53例。对照组给予常规围术期管理。观察组在对照组的基础上予以术前眼位注视训练。观察两组术中眼位情况,术后视力恢复情况及术后并发症发生率。结果试验组术中调整眼位次数>3次和眼球旋转偏移率均低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组术后视力恢复至0.5以上比例为60.38%,高于对照组的40.38%(P<0.05);试验组术后并发症发生率为15.09%,低于对照组的32.69%(P<0.05)。结论老年白内障超声乳化摘除术患者术前进行眼位注视训练,通过降低术中调整眼位次数和眼球旋转偏移率,降低术后并发症发生率,促进患者术后视力恢复。     

环形电切锥切术治疗老年宫颈高度病变病人的临床疗效

目的探讨环形电切锥切术(LEEP)治疗老年宫颈高度病变病人的临床效果及对逆转率的影响。方法选择2017年6月至2019年6月老年宫颈高度病变病人143例作为对象,采用随机数表法分为对照组(n=70)和观察组(n=73)。对照组采用宫颈冷刀锥切术治疗,观察组采用LEEP治疗,术后3 d对病人手术指标进行评估,术后对病人进行6个月随访,比较2组手术指标、逆转率、并发症发生率及术后生活质量。结果观察组手术、住院及切口愈合的时间,术中出血量及手术费用均少于对照组(P<0.05)。术后6个月,2组宫颈管粘连、感染、阴道出血的发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组术后1、6个月逆转率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组术后6个月的健康、食欲、精神症状、躯体感觉及睡眠状态评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论LEEP用于老年宫颈高度病变病人中,手术创伤较小,能提高逆转率,降低术后并发症发生率,有助于提高病人生活质量,值得推广应用。     

Protocol for a pilot and feasibility study of nurse practitioner-pharmacist telehealth collaboration to simplify complex medication regimens

IntroductionNew and flexible multidisciplinary workforce models are needed to address unnecessary medication regimen complexity in residential aged care facilities (RACFs). This study will investigate the feasibility of a nurse practitioner-pharmacist telehealth-based collaborative care model to simplify complex medication regimens.MethodsThis is a pragmatic, non-randomized pilot and feasibility study of up to 30 permanent residents from 4 RACFs in Western Australia. Simplification will be conducted in accordance with a validated 5-step implicit process. Nurse practitioners will identify residents potentially interested in and who may benefit from simplification, including any regulatory or safety imperatives that might preclude simplification. Medication regimens will be assessed by an off-site clinical pharmacist to identify opportunities for simplification in terms of drug–drug, drug–food, or drug–time interactions, and the availability of alternative formulations. The pharmacist will communicate simplification opportunities to nurse practitioners via video case conferencing. Nurse practitioners will then discuss simplification opportunities with the resident, caregiver and the health and care team, including any unintended consequences for the resident or RACF. The primary outcome measure will be feasibility (stakeholder acceptability, protocol adherence, recruitment and retention rates). Secondary outcomes include change in the number of medication administration times per day, medication and behavioral incidents, falls and fractures, hospitalization and mortality at 4 months.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee. Research findings will be disseminated through industry report, lay summaries, conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.     

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hepatitis B virus vaccination and transmission among men who have sex with men: A mathematical modelling study

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccinations among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been considerably lower than before the pandemic. Moreover, less frequent HBV testing and a reduction in numbers of sex partners have been reported. We assessed the impact of these COVID-19-related changes on HBV transmission among MSM in the Netherlands.MethodsWe estimated the changes in sexual activity, HBV testing, and HBV vaccination among MSM during the pandemic from Dutch data. We used a deterministic compartmental model and investigated scenarios with small or large declines in sexual activity, testing, and vaccination for the current phase of the pandemic (without available data). We examined the increase in HBV vaccinations needed to prevent further increase in HBV incidence.ResultsWith a decrease in numbers of sex partners of 15–25% during the first lockdown and 5% during the second lockdown, we found a decline of 6.6% in HBV incidence in 2020, despite a >70% reduction in HBV testing and vaccination during the first lockdown. With numbers of sex partners rebounding close to pre-pandemic level in 2021, and a reduction of 15% in testing and 30% in vaccination in 2021, we found an increase of 1.4% in incidence in 2021 and 3.1% in 2026. With these changes, an increase of ≥60% in HBV vaccinations in 2022 would be needed to bring the HBV incidence in 2023 back to the level that it would have had if the COVID-19-related changes had not occurred.ConclusionsDespite reductions in sexual activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, the decrease in HBV vaccinations may result in a small increase in HBV incidence after 2021, which may persist for years. It is important to restore the vaccination level and limit further increase in HBV transmission among MSM.