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1.
围生期是子代大脑及中枢神经发育的关键时期,此期内发生的不同事件都会对子代大脑的发育进程有着深远影响。糖皮质激素、抗生素、硫酸镁、咖啡因、肺表面活性物质及亚低温治疗等是围生期的常见治疗药物及手段,与新生儿的神经发育预后有着密切关系。该文总结近年围生期治疗对新生儿神经发育影响的最新研究进展,为临床决策提供参考。  相似文献   
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雷李霞  彭雅莉  王越 《全科护理》2022,20(5):654-656
目的:探讨Teach-Back健康教育模式对学龄期手足口病(HFMD)患儿家属疾病认知水平及防护行为的影响。方法:2018年7月—2020年11月选取我院学龄期113名HFMD患儿家属为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组56例与观察组57例,对照组给予常规健康教育干预,观察组给予Teach-Back健康教育模式干预,观察两组患儿家属疾病认知水平、行为干预遵从率、患儿症状改善状况。结果:干预后,观察组患儿家属发病原因、传播途径、隔离治疗、并发症预防认知评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患儿家属消毒隔离措施、饭前便后洗手、勤晒衣被、居家开窗通风遵从率高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患儿发热、口腔溃疡、皮疹、食欲减退改善时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对学龄期HFMD患儿家属开展Teach-Back健康教育模式,可明显提高家属对疾病认知水平,提高行为干预遵从率,促进患儿恢复。  相似文献   
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围手术期低体温可引起许多严重的并发症,危及患者安全。本文对围手术期低体温的影响因素和预防措施进行了综述,旨在提高医务工作者对围手术期低体温的认识与重视,并为围手术期低体温的有效干预提供指导。  相似文献   
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周荣  康荣 《全科护理》2022,20(1):52-55
目的:探讨基于精细化理念的护理干预在结直肠癌病人围术期护理中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年8月—2021年1月在山西省某三级甲等医院接受手术治疗的80例结直肠癌病人为研究对象,采用随机数字表法随机分为对照组和干预组各40例,对照组给予常规护理,干预组在对照组基础上给予基于精细化理念的护理干预,比较两组病人焦虑得分、躁动发生率以及手术后苏醒时间。结果:干预后,干预组病人焦虑得分为(46.48±3.20)分,明显低于对照组的(48.10±3.68)分(P<0.05);干预组病人躁动发生率为15.00%,明显低于对照组的35.00%(P<0.05);干预组病人苏醒时间为(13.30±2.55)min,明显短于对照组的(15.68±4.95)min(P<0.05)。结论:结直肠癌病人围术期采用基于精细化理念的护理干预可缓解病人焦虑情绪,缩短苏醒时间,降低躁动发生率。  相似文献   
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目的 探究超脉冲二氧化碳点阵激光治疗稳定期白癜风的临床效果。方法 以我院2019年1月-2020年10月收治的80例稳定期白癜风患者为研究对象,通过简单随机化法分为对照组(n=40)和试验组(n=40),对照组采用常规药物治疗,试验组则在对照组基础实施超脉冲二氧化碳点阵激光治疗,比较两组治疗效果、生活质量评分、炎性因子水平及不良反应发生情况。结果 试验组的总有效率为90.00%,高于对照组的70.00%(P<0.05);两组治疗后生活质量评分均高于治疗前,且试验组生活质量评分高于对照组(P<0.05);两组炎性因子水平均低于治疗前,且试验组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 与常规药物治疗相比,超脉冲二氧化碳点阵激光治疗效果更佳,可有效改善患者生活质量,降低炎性因子水平,且不会增加不良反应,是一种安全、有效的治疗方案。  相似文献   
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ObjectiveTo examine the characteristics and effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnancy and the postpartum period to prevent Type 2 diabetes.Data SourcesWe conducted searches in seven databases, including Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Ovid PsycInfo, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses for articles published from inception to January 2021.Study SelectionWe included articles on controlled intervention studies in which researchers evaluated a lifestyle intervention provided during pregnancy and the postpartum period for women with or at risk for GDM that were published in English.Data ExtractionTwelve articles that were reports of seven studies met the inclusion criteria. In some cases, more than one article was selected from the same study. For example, articles reported different outcomes from the same study. We extracted data with the use of a data collection form and compared and synthesized data on study design, purpose, sample, intervention characteristics, recruitment and retention, and outcomes.Data SynthesisAll seven studies focused on weight management and/or healthy lifestyle behaviors (diet and physical activity). Outcomes included glucose regulation, weight, lifestyle behaviors, and knowledge. The interventions varied in duration/dosage, strategies, and modes of delivery. In four studies, researchers reported interventions that had significant effects on improving glucose regulation and/or weight change. Some characteristics from the four effective interventions included goal setting, individualized care, and good retention rates. In the other three studies, limitations included low rates of participant retention, lack of personalized interventions, and limited population diversity or lack of culturally sensitive care.ConclusionLifestyle interventions provided during and after pregnancy to reduce the risk associated with GDM have the potential to improve outcomes. Health care counseling to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors related to the prevention of Type 2 diabetes is needed at different stages of maternity care for women with GDM. Additional high-quality studies are needed to address the limitations of current studies.  相似文献   
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目的探究改良后路小切口髋关节置换术对老年股骨颈骨折患者髋关节功能及术后Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端前肽(PINP)、骨钙素(BGP)、骨特异性磷酸酶(BAP)的影响。方法回顾性选取2018年1月至2019年12月首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院收治的110例老年股骨颈骨折行髋关节置换术的患者为研究对象。按照采取的置换术入路方式不同分为髋关节前入路组(对照组)和改良小切口入路组(观察组),每组各55例。观察比较两组患者围手术期指标,术前术后Harris评分变化及血清PINP、BGP、BAP含量水平变化情况,两组治疗优良率、并发症等指标。结果观察组患者的切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后1 d VAS评分、术后下地时间分别为(13.08±1.26)cm、(99.43±15.48)min、(162.59±25.29)mL、(4.48±1.04)分、(1.93±0.69)d,均低于对照组[(15.42±1.38)cm、(101.39±14.44)min、(173.84±25.29)mL、(6.42±1.04)分、(2.73±0.64)d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1个月观察组患者PINP、BAP、BGP含量水平分别为(1024.39±89.21)pg/L、(40.87±4.92)ng/mL,(9.77±1.42)ng/mL,高于对照组患者[(848.72±53.46)pg/L、(33.54±4.76)ng/mL,(8.58±1.03)ng/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1、6个月,观察组患者Harris评分分别为(79.76±6.36)、(85.46±7.03)分,高于对照组[(71.27±8.93)、(79.68±7.92)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者治疗优良率为90.91%,高于对照组的76.36%,观察组并发症率为5.45%,低于对照组的12.73%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良后路小切口髋关节置换术对老年股骨颈骨折患者髋关节功能恢复更快,能更好地改善围手术期不良指标,减少并发症发生,并提高骨代谢相关因子表达水平,有利于患者恢复。  相似文献   
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ObjectiveTo examine the associations of maternal self-efficacy (MSE) and perceived social support with parenting stress during the postpartum period during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether these two psychosocial factors account for variance in parenting stress in addition to the effects of COVID-19–related experiences and sociodemographic factors.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingOnline survey, the Perinatal Experiences and COVID-19 Effects (PEACE) study, launched in May 2020.ParticipantsParticipants included 310 women who gave birth in the past 24 weeks.MethodsThe survey included self-report quantitative measures of MSE, social support, COVID-19–related experiences, parenting stress, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and a range of sociodemographic factors.ResultsHierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that MSE and social support were negatively associated with postpartum parenting stress in addition to the effects of COVID-19–related experiences, maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety, and a range of demographic factors. Furthermore, MSE interacted with COVID-19–related experiences such that higher levels of MSE mitigated the effects of COVID-19–related experiences on parenting stress.ConclusionOur findings underscore the importance of protective factors at the individual and interpersonal levels and provide insights for prevention and intervention programs aimed at mitigating postpartum parenting stress during a wide-scale disaster such as the COVID-19 pandemic.  相似文献   
10.
《Vaccine》2022,40(6):904-911
BackgroundGSK initiated a Pregnancy Registry in the United States (US) for the reduced-antigen-content tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap; Boostrix, GSK) vaccine with the aim to detect and describe pregnancy outcomes in women vaccinated with Boostrix 28 days before estimated conception or during pregnancy.MethodsVoluntary reports of pregnancy exposure to Boostrix received from spontaneous and post-marketing surveillance sources in the US were assessed. Reports were classified as prospective or retrospective based on the knowledge of pregnancy outcomes at the time of reporting. For completeness, reports of exposure to Boostrix or to the Tdap-inactivated poliovirus vaccine (Boostrix-IPV, GSK) reported to the global safety database from countries outside the US were also evaluated.ResultsFrom May 2005 to August 2019, 1517 (1455 prospective and 62 retrospective) pregnancy reports were received in the Boostrix US Pregnancy Registry. Of the prospective reports, 250 had known outcomes: 244 live infants with no apparent birth defects (BDs), three live infants with BDs, and three spontaneous abortions with no apparent BDs. Of the retrospective reports, 55 had known outcomes: 33 live infants with no apparent BDs, 16 live infants with BDs, one spontaneous abortion with no apparent BDs, four stillbirths with no apparent BDs, and one stillbirth with BDs. Cumulatively, 1321 pregnancy reports (1006 for Boostrix; 315 for Boostrix-IPV) were received from countries outside the US. Of these, 163 prospective reports and 551 retrospective reports had known outcomes. Results were in line with those from the Boostrix US Pregnancy Registry.ConclusionsData currently available from the Boostrix US Pregnancy Registry and from countries outside the US suggested that exposure to Boostrix or Boostrix-IPV during pregnancy does not raise safety concerns related to adverse pregnancy outcomes or BDs.  相似文献   
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