熏蒸床集中控制系统设计

目的设计一种熏蒸床集中控制系统。方法采用台达可编程控制器(Programmable Logic Controller,PLC)作为整个系统的控制核心,实现对语音播报、超温保护、防干烧保护等功能的集中控制;采用PID算法结合PWM技术实现对熏蒸温度的精准控制;通过人机界面实现操作者与PLC之间的信息交互。结果设计出的样机保护接地阻抗<0.1Ω;温度偏差<±1℃;升温时间<20 min;超温保护温度偏差<±2℃;噪声<51 dB;单次操作时间节省2 min 47 s。结论本设计安全可靠、性能稳定,智能化程度高,可提高操作人员工作效率。     

Maternal return to work and breastfeeding: A population-based cohort study

Background

In recent decades there has been a marked rise in the participation of women with infants in the labour market, while there has been a decline in the prevalence rate of breastfeeding.

Objective

To explore the relationship between maternal return to work and breastfeeding.

Design

An on-going prospective longitudinal study.

Setting and participants

Multistage stratified systematic sampling was designed to recruit 24,200 pairs, postpartum women and newborns, from the Taiwan national birth register in 2005. Participating women underwent two home interviews at 6 and 18 months after giving birth, following structured questionnaires. A total of 21,248 and 20,172 women were interviewed, and the completed interview rate was thus 87.8% and 83.4% at 6 and 18 months, respectively. All study participants provided informed consent as approved by the Ethics Review Board of the National Taiwan College of Public Health.

Results

The overall prevalence of initial breastfeeding was 83.7%. Postpartum women returning to work less than or equal to 1 month had the lowest initiation of breastfeeding rate (77.5%), but had a higher prevalence of breastfeeding duration less than or equal to 1 month (34.9%) than the overall population (26.8%). Overall 67.9%, 39.4%, 25.4%, and 12.7% mothers who started breastfeeding still breastfed their infants at the age of 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Women with maternal leave of less than or equal to 6 months ceased breastfeeding earlier than those with maternal leave beyond 6 months and those who did not return to work up to 18 months after birth. After adjustment for potential confounders, odds ratios of initial breastfeeding seemed no different, except those for postpartum women who returned to work less than or equal to 1 month and those who did not return to work. Mothers returning to work within 1 year after giving birth were significantly earlier in weaning than those without return to work.

Conclusion

In our study, an early maternal return to work, especial within 6 months after giving birth, was a barrier to the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding. Thus, a comprehensive strategy is required to encourage the practice of breastfeeding in working women from pregnancy to the return to work, and nurses should work to promote breastfeeding in the different occasion.     

优质护理在产科护理中应用的临床效果观察

目的:观察优质护理在产科病房中的应用效果.方法:选取妇产科的160例产妇,分为优质护理组和常规护理组,每组80例,分别对产妇进行入院期间的满意度调查,依从性评价及产妇生产方式和新生儿娩出1 min Apgar评分情况比较.结果:优质护理组的总满意度、依从性、自然分娩率和新生儿娩出1 min Apgar评分情况与常规护理组相比差异均具有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:优质护理在产科护理中具有较好的临床应用效果,值得在产科护理中进一步应用和推广.     

胎膜早破的护理

目的探讨胎膜早破的临床表现及发生因素,以采取针对性措施减少对母婴的危害。方法对618例胎膜早破病例进行回顾性分析,针对病因和临床表现,进行预防和护理。结果618例胎膜早破产妇无1例发生产褥感染,新生儿无1例发生新生儿感染及死亡。结论认真做好产前检查、纠正胎位、针对病因治疗,可预防或减少胎膜早破的发生;对已出现胎膜早破者应给予积极治疗和适当的护理,适时终止操作可减少婴儿并发症的发生。     

Infant-holding side biases: Comparison of laterality patterns in childcare professionals and mothers or students

Among the various interactions between an adult and an infant, postural behaviours and their lateral biases expressed by adults for holding an infant represent a growing field of investigation. To better understand the building up of mother/child relationships, the current study reports data concerning infant-holding biases collected in a new population, namely childcare professionals, where experience with and emotional relationships with infants could be classified as intermediate between basic and advanced. Two sub-populations of childcare professionals were studied: women who work in maternity hospitals and women who work in day-care centres. Their infant-holding side preferences were correlated with emotional perceptive biases to ascertain whether hemispheric specialisation influences holding side biases as well as in basic holding relationships. Results showed that childcare professionals behaved like mothers, which means like participants with advanced holding relationships. The discussion emphasises the complexity of infant-holding behaviours and the importance of considering the nature of holding relationships in the study of side-of-hold biases.     

Women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² and their experience of maternity care: A meta ethnographic synthesis

Objectivethis paper is a report of a systematic review and meta-ethnography of the experiences of women with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m² and their experience of maternity care.Methodsystematic review methods identified 12 qualitative studies about women's experiences of maternity care when their BMI ≥ 30 kg/m². Findings from the identified studies were synthesised into themes, using metaethnography.Synthesis and findingsthe meta-ethnography produced four key concepts; Initial encounters, Negotiating risk, Missing out and The positive intervention, which represent the experiences of maternity care for women with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²Key conclusionmany women with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² appear to be dissatisfied with the approaches taken to discuss weight status during maternity encounters. When weight is not addressed during these encounters women appear to be equally dissatisfied. The absence of open and honest discussions about weight, the feeling of being denied of a normal experience, and an over emphasis on the risks imposed upon pregnancy and childbirth by obesity, leave women feeling dissatisfied and disenfranchised. Sensitive care and practical advice about diet and exercise can help women move towards feeling more in control of their weight management     

A systematic approach towards the development of quality indicators for postnatal care after discharge in Flanders,Belgium

Objectiveto develop a set of quality indicators for postnatal care after discharge from the hospital, using a systematic approach.Designkey elements of qualitative postnatal care were defined by performing a systematic review and the literature was searched for potential indicators (step 1). The potential indicators were evaluated by five criteria (validity, reliability, sensitivity, feasibility and acceptability) and by making use of the ‘Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation’, the AIRE-instrument (step 2). In a modified Delphi-survey, the quality indicators were presented to a panel of experts in the field of postnatal care using an online tool (step 3). The final results led to a Flemish model of postnatal care (step 4).SettingFlanders, BelgiumParticipantshealth care professionals, representatives of health care organisations and policy makers with expertise in the field of postnatal care.Findingsafter analysis 57 research articles, 10 reviews, one book and eight other documents resulted in 150 potential quality indicators in seven critical care domains. Quality assessment of the indicators resulted in 58 concept quality indicators which were presented to an expert-panel of health care professionals. After two Delphi-rounds, 30 quality indicators (six structure, 17 process, and seven outcome indicators) were found appropriate to monitor and improve the quality of postnatal care after discharge from the hospital.Key conclusions and implications for clinical practicethe quality indicators resulted in a Flemish model of qualitative postnatal care that was implemented by health authorities as a minimum standard in the context of shortened length of stay. Postnatal care should be adjusted to a flexible length of stay and start in pregnancy with an individualised care plan that follows mother and new-born throughout pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal period. Criteria for discharge and local protocols about the organisation and content of care are essential to facilitate continuity of care.