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IntroductionWe extend previous research to illustrate how individual, interpersonal and neighbourhood factors in a high-density urban setting in Vancouver, Canada, shape social connectedness experiences of community-dwelling older adults during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted 31 semi-structured interviews and collected objective measures of loneliness and social connectedness (surveys).ResultsThree dimensions of the neighbourhood environment influenced social connectedness: (i) interactions with neighbours, (ii) involvement with neighbourhood-based organizations, and (ii) outdoor pedestrian spaces. Seventy-one percent of participants felt a strong sense of belonging to their local community, while 39% were classified as high or extremely lonely.SummaryMany participants leveraged pre-existing social ties to maintain connections during the pandemic. However, volunteer outreach was vital for more isolated older adults. Although many participants felt lonely and isolated at times, the relative ease and accessibility with which they could connect with others in their neighbourhood environment, may have helped mitigate persistent loneliness.ConclusionStrategies that foster social connectedness over the longer term, need to prioritize the needs of older adults who face multiple barriers to equitable social participation.  相似文献   
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AimsThis randomized controlled study was conducted to investigate the physiological and psychological effects of pet therapy in hemodialysis patients.BackgroundPet therapy has both physiological and psychological effects on individuals with chronic diseases. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have examined the physiological and psychological effects of pet treatment in hemodialysis patients worldwide.DesignA randomized controlled study.MethodsThe study was completed with 18 robotic cats, 18 Betta fish, and 18 control group patients. The data were collected at XXX State Hospital between May and September 2021 using data collection tools. Robotic pet treatment was applied to the robotic cat group for 20 min a week for two months during hemodialysis. The Betta fish group was allowed to keep Betta fish at home for two months, and they were followed for another two months. The data were evaluated in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 23.0 package program. The study was registered on Clinical Trials (NCT05339711).ResultsDuring robotic cat therapy, patients' loneliness and dialysis symptoms decreased, and happiness and treatment adherence to the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) increased; In the post-test follow-up, in the first measurement, the treatment adherence to the ESRD decreased, the loneliness and dialysis symptoms increased, the happiness did not change; In the second measurement of the post-test, happiness, and treatment adherence to ESRD decreased, loneliness and dialysis symptoms increased. During Betta fish therapy, patients' body mass index, happiness, and treatment adherence to ESRD increased, loneliness and dialysis symptoms decreased; in the first measurement, and loneliness, dialysis symptoms, body mass index, and treatment adherence to the ESRD increased; In the second measurement, loneliness, dialysis symptoms increased, body mass index and happiness decreased.ConclusionsThe study revealed that Robotic cat and Betta fish therapies had positive physiological and psychological effects in hemodialysis patients, and these effects were different from each other.  相似文献   
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探讨同伴依恋和孤独感对农村儿童自尊的影响,为促进农村儿童自尊的发展提供资料.方法 采用纵向研究设计,对河南省7所和四川省3所农村小学共1 009名四至六年级学生进行问卷调查.基线调查采用自尊量表、同伴依恋量表和孤独量表,9个月随访完成自尊量表.结果 在控制性别、年龄、父母是否在外地打工和基线自尊水平后,基线同伴依恋(β=0.14)和基线孤独感(β=-0.13)预测9个月随访的自尊水平,基线孤独感和基线同伴依恋对9个月随访自尊水平交互作用有统计学意义(β=-0.08)(P值均<0.01);基线孤独感低时,基线同伴依恋对9个月随访自尊水平有更大的正向预测作用.结论 低孤独感提高了同伴依恋对自尊的积极作用.父母和教育工作者在提升农村儿童自尊水平的工作中不仅要改善儿童的同伴依恋,而且要降低其孤独感.  相似文献   
4.
Loneliness has been described as an epidemic and is associated with a number of adverse health and psychosocial outcomes. In this study, we proposed a loneliness of model of hypochondriasis among older adults in which loneliness triggers a maladaptive threat response in which there is greater self-focus, leading to hypochondriasis through greater intolerance of uncertainty and anxious symptoms. Community-dwelling older adults (N = 280) participated in an interview survey. Results found that loneliness was associated with higher hypochondriasis even after controlling for perceived health status and relationship status. Loneliness had a serial indirect effect on hypochondriasis through higher intolerance of uncertainty and anxious symptoms. With intolerance of uncertainty and anxious symptoms in the model, the relationship between loneliness and hypochondriasis was no longer significant, suggesting full mediation. The results support a loneliness model of hypochondriasis among older adults. Health care professionals working with older adults suffering from hypochondriacal concerns may wish to consider social factors such as loneliness.  相似文献   
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IntroductionIndividuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) are at elevated risk of loneliness, yet little research has examined loneliness in this population. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) have demonstrated efficacy in treating SAD, yet research has not examined whether they lead to reductions in loneliness.MethodsThis sample comprised 108 individuals with SAD who were randomized to CBGT, MBSR, or a waitlist control (WL); WL participants were re-randomized to CBGT or MBSR following WL. Assessments were completed pre- and post-treatment, and 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up assessments.ResultsCompared to WL, individuals in CBGT and MBSR were less lonely at post-treatment; there was no difference between treatments after treatment or during follow-up. Greater reductions in social anxiety from pre- to post-treatment predicted lower levels of loneliness during follow-up. Greater reductions in loneliness from pre- to post-treatment also predicted lower levels of social anxiety during follow-up.DiscussionIndividuals who experience reductions in their social anxiety during treatment may also feel less lonely following treatment. Reductions in loneliness also lead to improvements in social anxiety. Future research should continue to examine the relationship between social anxiety and loneliness and how interventions for SAD may help reduce loneliness.  相似文献   
7.
Long-term musculoskeletal pain is a major, disabling, and often undertreated health problem among the increasing number of older adults worldwide. However, there is limited knowledge of community-dwelling older adults’ experiences of living with this type of pain. The aim of the study was to deepen the understanding of the phenomenon: how older adults experience living with long-term musculoskeletal pain at home. The study design was an inductive qualitative Reflective Lifeworld Research approach grounded in phenomenological epistemology. Data were obtained from 20 community-dwelling older adults, aged 72–97 years. Data were collected through open-ended interviews and analyzed to understand the meanings of the phenomenon. The essence of the phenomenon entailed suffering in silence and encompassed the following constituents: loneliness and restrictions in daily living; ways to endure and distract from pain; not being taken seriously; fear of the future; and valuing joy and meaning in life. Living with long-term musculoskeletal pain restricts access to the world and leads to a suffering in silence. Finding ways to endure and distract from pain and to focus on issues that give joy and meaning in life is predominant in efforts to balance restraints from pain in life. Suffering is reinforced by loneliness, a sense of not being taken seriously by health care providers and fear of an uncertain future. It is necessary to foster increased attentiveness and sensitivity in meeting the needs of each older adult and provide a care that alleviates suffering and preserves and promotes health and well-being.  相似文献   
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Background/ObjectivesOver the past decade, the quantity and quality of social relationships in later life have become one of the main challenges facing an aging society. Our aims were to map and synthesize the literature addressing the effects of loneliness, three aspects of social isolation, including social networks, social support, and social participation, and frailty on health outcomes and their mediators and moderators among older adults.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review and searched for articles published in English and French from 2001 up to 2019 in the following databases: Medline, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO.ResultsOur database search initially resulted in 4001 articles of which 1832 were excluded; 26 were eligible. Most of the included studies revealed associations between social isolation, loneliness and frailty. The majority of studies found evidence of associations between frailty and their adverse outcomes; however, only few studies found a relationship between social isolation and health outcomes. In spite of the established link between frailty and adverse outcomes, no study looked at how social isolation and loneliness can alter adverse outcomes of frailty. No study investigated the role of frailty or social isolation and loneliness as a mediator on the pathway related to health.ConclusionsEvidence is limited in examining the role of frailty or social isolation and loneliness as a moderator and mediator. Longitudinal research combining both social isolation and loneliness are warranted to explore whether social isolation or loneliness has more deleterious effects on frailty and health outcomes.  相似文献   
10.
ObjectiveTo analyse the prevalence of unwanted loneliness in our context and its association with health from a life cycle and social inequalities perspective.MethodCross-sectional study based on data from the Health Survey of the Basque Country (n = 7.228; response rate 79%). The prevalence of unwanted loneliness, its association with perceived health and mental health, and social inequalities according to social class were analysed. To analyse the association, age-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) calculated from robust Poisson models were calculated.ResultsThe feeling of unwanted loneliness affects 23.3% of men and 29.7% of women, being higher in older people and young adults, and in the most disadvantaged social classes. Feeling alone is associated with worse health, both general (PRa men 2.11, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.77-2.51; PRa women 2.10, 95%CI 1.83-2.41) and mental (PRa men 3.95, 95%CI 3.15-4.95; RPa women 3.50, 95%CI 2.99-4.12). Social inequalities in loneliness, as well as the association between it and poor health, was greater among young adults.ConclusionsThe results of the study have important implications for intervention in the reduction and prevention of unwanted loneliness, underlining the importance of the life cycle and social inequalities.  相似文献   
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