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BackgroundSafe pharmaceutical care requires competent nurses with specific knowledge, skills and attitudes. It is unclear whether nursing students are adequately prepared to perform pharmaceutical care in practice. Mapping their pharmaceutical care competences can lead to a better understanding of the extent to which curricula fit expectations of the labour market.ObjectivesTo assess pharmaceutical care competences of final-year nursing students of different educational levels.DesignA cross-sectional survey design.SettingsIn 14 European countries, nursing schools who offer curricula for level 4 to 7 students were approached.ParticipantsThrough convenience sampling 1741 final-year student nurses of level 4 to 7 were included. Sampling strategies were country-specific.MethodsA web-platform was developed with an assessment of the level in which students mastered pharmaceutical care competences. Knowledge questions, case studies (basic/advanced level), self-reported practical skills and attitudes were evaluated.ResultsMean scores for knowledge questions differed significantly (p < 0.001) between level 5 (56/100), level 6 (68/100) and level 7 students (72/100). For basic cases level 5 students reached lower scores (64/100) compared with level 6 (71/100) and level 7 (72/100) students (p = 0.002 and p = 0.005). For more advanced cases no difference between levels was observed (overall mean 61/100). Most students (63–90 %) considered themselves skilled to perform pharmaceutical care and had positive attitudes towards their participation in pharmaceutical care (65–97 %).ConclusionsRelatively low knowledge scores were calculated for final-year student nurses. In some domains, lower levels of students might be insufficiently prepared to take up responsibilities in pharmaceutical care. Our assessment can be used as a tool for educators to evaluate how prepared nursing students are for pharmaceutical care. Its further implementation for students of different educational levels will allow benchmarking between the levels, both within and between countries.  相似文献   
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目的 社区医护人员对房颤抗凝相关知识掌握情况,分析了影响房颤抗凝的主要问题,为进一步加强规范化抗凝质量管理提供理论依据。方法 本研究为多中心横断面调查,2022 年1月,采用方便抽样的方法,选取浦东新区心房颤动 (专病) 联盟范围内的47家社区卫生服务中心医护人员,于当日对医护人员进行调查。本研究应用自制问卷,调查形式为通过问卷星进行线上数据收集。问卷由5名心律失常专家和2名心血管内科护士长基于文献研究和对医护人员进行心房颤动抗凝相关内容半结构化访谈的基础上制定,问卷内容主要包括问卷内容包括医护人员对房颤患者缺血性脑卒中抗凝的风险评估、抗凝药物 (维生素拮抗剂和非维生素拮抗剂) 相关因素的影响、抗凝并发症的观察和处理、抗凝监测的维度。采用EpiData3.1软件对数据进行统计学处理,采用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计学处理。结果 本研究共发放问卷有效问卷538份,对抗凝管理相关知识评分 (13.36 ± 2.47) 分,合格率为51.3%。调查显示,85% 以上的掌握率为: CHA2DS2-VASC 评分、HAS-BLED 评分、维生素 K 拮抗剂药代动力学特点、不良反应观察部位。掌握率低于50% 的分别是达比加群酯肌酐清除率的选择、NOAC治疗患者出血类型、NOAC轻微出血处理、NOAC非危及生命的大出血处理、NOAC危及生命或关键部位出血。 单因素分析结果显示,专业、职称、学历、工作年限、参加相关培训、房颤患者照顾者对房颤抗凝知识掌握水平差异均有统计学意义(P< 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,专业、职称、学历、工作年限、参加相关培训是社区医护人员房颤抗凝知识掌握情况的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 社区医护人员对房颤抗凝知识掌握情况欠缺,需要对房颤患者缺血性脑卒中抗凝的风险评估、抗凝药物 (维生素拮抗剂和非维生素拮抗剂) 相关因素的影响、抗凝并发症的观察和处理、抗凝监测的维度相关知识的培训。  相似文献   
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Unnecessary polypharmacy continues to be a problem among older adults. The field of deprescribing (planned, supervised process of medication discontinuation) aims to address this problem. Deprescribing is a relatively new field despite having grown substantially in recent years. Much of the early research in this area focused on identifying barriers to and facilitators of deprescribing in clinical practice, which contributed to a large body of work on this topic. However, with continuing research around barriers and facilitators, we need to be mindful to undertake research that builds on existing knowledge, addresses known gaps, and advances the field. Additionally, there is a need in deprescribing research to shift focus to developing ways to address known barriers and harness knowledge of facilitators. That is, translating existing knowledge into strategies and tools that can impact clinical practice and lead to practical and sustained deprescribing efforts.  相似文献   
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【目的】 探索医学期刊的知识服务实践,为医学期刊的科学传播创新提供参考。【方法】 以《中华医学杂志》为研究对象,采用案例研究法和文献分析法进行系统研究。【结果】 借助继续医学教育、微信平台、重要文章发布会、数据库,以及优先出版、按需出版、开放阅读等方式,《中华医学杂志》打造多元化场景的知识服务、联结传播渠道,从而使得科学共同体和公众读者获得较好的知识服务体验。【结论】 医学期刊的知识服务实践应以科学传播为宗旨,在实现增值服务的同时,推进科学知识在科学共同体和普通读者间的传播。  相似文献   
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《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2022,30(10):1497-1506
BackgroundAcute childhood diarrhea is one of the most common causes of dehydration, and if severe, can potentially lead to death as well. The present study was aimed at evaluating the knowledge and attitudes of community pharmacy professionals towards the management of acute childhood diarrhea and comparing them with their actual practices in Jazan Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A).MethodsSimulated patient visits and a cross-sectional survey making use of a 27-item self-report questionnaire were conducted amongst a sample of 303 community pharmacy professionals (51.2 % male and 48.8 % female) with an age range of 25–56 years, between August 1 and December 1, 2021, in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. Convenience sampling technique was used for the recruitment of the participants.ResultsSignificant positive correlations were seen between knowledge score (self-report survey) and practice score (simulated patient visit) regarding patients’ history taking (r = 0.65; p < 0.01), drug recommendations (r = 0.71; p < 0.01) and providing information regarding food and fluid intake (r = 0.44; p < 0.01). The alpha coefficients for all the items of the survey instrument were noted to be greater than (or) equal to the 0.70 threshold for almost all sections, hence indicating good reliability and internal consistency of the developed scale.ConclusionIn the present study, even though we observed improved participants’ performance during the self report survey, their performance level greatly dropped in actual practice. This warrants for a need for educational programs to improve their actual dispensing practices. The present study has also shown simulated patient visits to be a reliable, simple and a robust method of assessing the actual dispensing practices of community pharmacy professionals.  相似文献   
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《Drug discovery today》2022,27(2):384-389
Proposals to waive intellectual property rights (IPRs) on coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)-related developments have gained considerable support among politicians, including from US President Biden, academics, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), the media, and the general public. However, there are surprisingly few reflections about the short- and long-term consequences for medical innovation, particularly the development of new drugs and vaccines. In this feature, I reflect on the consequences for innovative entrepreneurial companies, the incentives to innovate, and consequences for international knowledge flows to low- and middle-income countries. I conclude that waiving IPRs reduces opportunities for entrepreneurial companies to attract sufficient funding for developing medical innovations. Low- and middle-income countries might suffer reduced knowledge inflows in the absence of IPRs that undermine their ability to develop medical innovations.  相似文献   
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ObjectivesSeveral implementation strategies can reduce potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescribing. Although use of PIMs has declined in recent years, it remains prevalent. Various strategies exist to improve the appropriateness of medication use. However, little is known about the processes of these different implementation strategies. This scoping review aims to investigate how the process evaluation of implementation strategies for reducing PIM prescribing in the older population has been studied.MethodsWe searched for process evaluations of implementation strategies for reducing PIM prescribing in PUBMED, SCOPUS and Web of Science published between January 2000 and November 2019 in English. We applied the following inclusion criteria: patients aged ≥65 years, validated PIM criteria, and implementation process evaluated. The review focuses on decision support for health care professionals. We described the findings of the process evaluations, and compared the authors’ concepts of process evaluation of the included publications to those of Proctor et al.( 2010).ResultOf 9131 publications screened, 29 met our inclusion criteria. Different process evaluation conceptualizations were identified. Most process evaluations took place in the initial stages of the process (acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, and feasibility) and sustainability and implementation costs were seldom evaluated. None of the included publications evaluated fidelity.Multifaceted interventions were the most studied implementation strategies. Medication review was more common in acceptability evaluations, multidisciplinary interventions in adoption evaluations, and computerized systems and educational interventions in feasibility evaluations. Process evaluations were studied from the health care professionals’ viewpoint in most of the included publications, but the management viewpoint was missing.DiscussionThe conceptualization of process evaluation in the field of PIM prescribing is indeterminate. There is also a current gap in the knowledge of sustainability and implementation costs. Clarifying the conceptualization of implementation process evaluation is essential in order to effectively translate research knowledge into practice.  相似文献   
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目的 调查5省基层卫生技术人员医防融合相关培训状况以及相关知识能力的需求状况,为完善我国基层医防融合建设,提高基层卫生服务机构防病治病能力提供参考建议。方法 对五个省15个区县的乡镇卫生院和社区卫生服务中心(站)的卫生技术人员进行分层抽样问卷调查,对调查数据进行描述并对各种医防融合相关知识能力需求进行单因素χ2检验和多因素logistic分析。结果 76.0%的基层卫生技术人员近一年参加过培训,乡镇卫生院卫生技术人员培训参与率(73.2%)低于社区卫生服务中心(站)(84.3%)(χ2= 83.812,P<0.001),不同特征基层卫生技术人员培训参与率不同(P<0.01)。各类培训参与率均低于相关知识技能的需求率,公共卫生相关知识技能的需求率最高。χ2检验和多因素logistic分析显示不同特征基层卫生技术人员对各类知识技能的需求率不同:相对于社区卫生服务中心(站),乡镇卫生院人员对传染病防控技能(OR = 0.756,95%CI:0.666~0.858)和一般病与常见病诊疗技能(OR = 0.860,95%CI:0.762~0.971)的需求程度更高;临床医疗岗位人员对传染病防控技能及一般病与常见病诊疗技能、的需求程度更高(P<0.001);年轻人员对慢病管理与病因监测技能的需求更高(OR = 0.937,95%CI:0.885~0.992);公共卫生岗位人员(OR = 1.346,95%CI:1.114~1.626)和专职管理岗位人员(OR = 2.334,95%CI:1.707~3.191)对信息化技能的需求程度更高。结论 应以需求为导向,加强基层卫生技术人员的培训强度,提升培训内容和知识技能需求的匹配程度,建立完善医防交叉培训机制和医防能力兼备的复合型人才培养供给体系。  相似文献   
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