Pediatric emergency nurses’ workplace violence experiences: A qualitative study

IntroductionWorkplace violence is a crucial problem experienced by health workers who serve at the emergency service. The identification of emergency nurses’ workplace experiences is of importance to the prevention of violence and the development of solutions.PurposeThis study was performed to identify the workplace violence experiences of the nurses working for the pediatric emergency units.MethodA total of 20 nurses who experienced violence at the emergency service participated in the study that was conducted as qualitative research. The data were collected with the semi-structured interview form and were evaluated by using thematic analysis.ResultsFive themes, namely, “the characteristics of violence”, “the causes of violence”, “the approach during/after the violence”, “the consequences of the violence for the person”, and the “consequences of the violence for the profession”, were identified. Nurses stated that they often experienced verbal violence due to patient relatives’ unmet expectations, the failure of patient relatives to understand treatments and practices, and the heavy workload, they endeavored to eliminate violence by trying to communicate with perpetrators of the violence, calling the security staff, and reporting the violence to their managers, and they were individually and professionally affected by the violence.ConclusionNurses are negatively affected by workplace violence. Pediatric emergency nurses should be supported with training programs and policies to be developed for the prevention and solution of violence.     

Process of forgiveness in the recovery of Chinese women survivors of intimate partner violence: Empowerment,transformation, and integration

Forgiveness has been found one substantial element in the recovery for women survivors from intimate partner violence following the termination of the abusive relationship. To further investigate the details of forgiveness in this specific context, the present study explored the process of forgiveness using grounded theory. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 Chinese women survivors of IPV. The findings suggest that forgiveness is a strength-based process including empowerment, transformation, and integration phases. In the empowerment phase, survivors obtain strength at the intrapersonal, behavioural, and interpersonal levels. In the transformation phase, survivors complete cognitive transformation for their IPV experiences and emotional transformation towards former partners. In the integration phase, survivors—now freed from the past—reflect upon and apply the changes they have undergone. Two trajectories in the process were found. One trajectory is going through stages sequentially and the other trajectory is experiencing back and forth between empowerment and transformation stages before moving into the integration stage. The study's findings broaden our knowledge of the strength-based forgiveness process that women survivors of IPV undergo during recovery. Practitioners and policymakers could develop programmes and policies that support forgiveness by holistically facilitating their recovery and empowerment like assistance in dealing with life difficulties and promoting their reconnection with social networks. To improve the transferability and validity of the findings, the forgiveness of survivors of IPV could be explored in a diverse sample (e.g., survivors with low educational background or live in the rural area).     

‘It felt like there was always someone there for us’: Supporting children affected by domestic violence and abuse who are identified by general practice

One in five children in the UK are affected by domestic violence and abuse. However, primary care clinicians (GPs and nurses) struggle to effectively identify and support children and young people living in homes where it is present. The IRIS+ (Enhanced Identification and Referral to Improve Safety) training and advocacy support intervention aimed to improve how clinicians respond to children and young people affected by domestic violence and abuse. IRIS+ training was delivered as part of a feasibility study to four general practices in an urban area in England (UK). Our mixed method design included interviews and questionnaires about the IRIS+ intervention with general practice patients, including children and young people as well as with clinicians and advocacy service providers. We collected the number of identifications and referrals by clinicians of children experiencing domestic violence and abuse through a retrospective search of medical and agency records 10 months after the intervention. Forty-nine children exposed to domestic violence and abuse were recorded in medical records. Thirty-five children were referred to a specialist domestic violence and abuse support service over a period of 10 months. Of these, 22 received direct or indirect support. The qualitative findings indicated that children benefitted from being referred by clinicians to the service. However, several barriers at the patient and professional level prevented children and young people from being identified and supported. Some of these barriers can be addressed through modifications to professional training and guidance, but others require systematic and structural changes to the way health and social care services work with children affected by domestic violence and abuse.     

COVID-19 Gender Disparities and Mitigation Recommendations: A Narrative Review

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly created widespread impacts on global health and the economy. Data suggest that women are less susceptible to severe illness. However, sex-disaggregated data are incomplete, leaving room for misinterpretation, and focusing only on biologic sex underestimates the gendered impact of the pandemic on women. This narrative review summarizes what is known about gender disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic, domestic, and health burdens along with overlapping vulnerabilities related to the pandemic. In addition, this review outlines recommended strategies that advocacy groups, community leaders, and policymakers should implement to mitigate the widening gender disparities related to COVID-19.     

Using Trauma-Informed Care to Address Sexual Assault and Intimate Partner Violence in Primary Care

Interpersonal trauma has long-lasting effects on mental and physical health and is associated with acute and chronic negative health outcomes. Primary care providers can improve health care outcomes by using trauma-informed care to recognize, acknowledge, and respond appropriately to trauma survivors. Routine trauma screening in the primary care setting should be done in a safe environment and with a team approach. This article will offer guidance on screening for and responding to sexual assault and intimate partner violence using trauma-informed principles with the goal of promoting health and healing for survivors.     

Innovative Strategies to Facilitate Safe Assessment and Intervention for Intimate Partner Violence During a Pandemic and Beyond

The COVID-19 pandemic has made it necessary to find innovative strategies that facilitate safe, private assessment and intervention for intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV is a major source of morbidity and mortality, with women experiencing a lifetime prevalence rate of 22%. Screening pregnant individuals for IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic became critical because a 20% rise in IPV during the pandemic has been estimated. A multidisciplinary stakeholder panel created a process using technology to address this concern. An infographic poster with IPV screening questions and a Quick Response (QR) code was displayed in bathrooms in the perinatal service area. The infographic allowed respondents to signal a safety concern, launching an individualized plan of care to address their needs privately. The pandemic has highlighted how much work needs to be done to ensure that people who experience IPV continue to obtain access to support and health care.     

亲密伴侣暴力评估工具的研究进展

亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）是指亲密伴侣之间发生的威胁或虐待行为，其具体形式包括身体、精神或性伤害。现有研究表明，IPV可给受害者带来一系列身体和心理上的损伤，严重影响受害者的生活质量。准确评估IPV是制定针对性预防措施的前提和基础。然而，国内对IPV的研究尚处于起步阶段，针对IPV的评估工具缺乏。本文将国外常用的8种IPV评估工具分为研究工具和筛查工具，对各工具的主要内容、应用情况及特点进行综述，并对这8种评估工具的优缺点进行比较，旨在为我国IPV相关研究提供借鉴，为准确评估和识别IPV受害者提供依据。