Out of the boxes,out of the silos: The need of interdisciplinary collaboration to reduce poor-quality medical products in the supply chain

In this paper, we argue that understanding and addressing the problem of poor-quality medical products requires a more interdisciplinary approach than has been evident to date. While prospective studies based on rigorous standardized methodologies are the gold standard for measuring the prevalence of poor-quality medical products and understanding their distribution nationally and internationally, they should be complemented by social science research to unpack the complex set of social, economic, and governance factors that underlie these patterns. In the following sections, we discuss specific examples of prospective quality surveys and of social science studies, highlighting the value of cross-sector partnerships in driving high-quality, policy-relevant research in this area.     

基于中国输血大讲堂的网络在线继续教育模式探索与实践

目的探索输血医学在线继续教育新模式,发挥继续教育对于学科可持续发展的促进作用。方法利用在线网络平台创建中国输血大讲堂,以在线直播专题讲座的方式将输血医学相关的基础与临床研究新进展传递给全国的一线工作人员。通过问卷星软件系统进行匿名网络问卷调查,了解大讲堂观众人群构成以及对课程设置和讲课效果的评价情况。结果过去四年多已完成166期、249个学时的网络授课,超过6.3万人次收看了直播讲座。问卷调查共回收有效问卷1266份,讲座内容安排满意度评分(S1)≥90、80≤S1<90和70≤S1<80分别占61.45%、30.88%和5.85%;整体师资能力水平满意度(S2)≥90、80≤S2<90和70≤S2<80分别占68.01%、25.91%和5.06%;讲课效果包括提高临床实际处理问题的能力(89.02%)、增强基础理论水平(84.36%)、完善对输血医学学科整体认识(83.89%)、开拓学科视野(81.04%)、有助于改善与临床之间的协作关系(64.14%)和锻炼临床思维(63.35%)。结论中国输血大讲堂这种网络在线继续教育模式,可以有效地克服时间、空间的限制,为广大输血从业人员提供便捷、系统的知识更新渠道,受众人群在基础知识、基本理论、基本技能等方面得到不同程度的提高。     

日本J-Stage国家期刊传播平台与期刊语种影响研究

【目的】 以J-Stage平台的概况和日本科技期刊的语种分类为基础,深入分析J-Stage的实施细节及其在推动日本科技期刊发展中的关键作用与角色,对我国期刊发展形成启示。【方法】 采用前瞻研究法,从平台架构、组织和功能方面分析J-Stage的发展现状,并结合日本科技期刊的语种分类进行分析。【结果】 J-Stage的特色在于整合全国学术期刊资源、采取公益性运行机制、重视用户体验、不断更新服务、对接国际标准等,对我国期刊平台建设具有一定的借鉴意义。【结论】 J-Stage的建设有利于日本多语种科技期刊的共同发展和国际影响力提升。国家级科技期刊平台不仅是期刊发展的基础设施,还要兼具前瞻性导向作用和精益管理能力。     

Mesothelial cell-derived antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts induce expansion of regulatory T cells in pancreatic cancer

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新时代检验医学发展定位与思考

检验医学作为医学科学的重要支撑学科,在疾病早期诊断、病情监测、预后判断与风险评估等方面发挥着重要作用。21世纪是数字信息时代,高新检测技术、计算机科学及互联网大数据等,为检验医学的发展带来巨大的机遇与挑战,新时代下如何借助信息科技革命实现检验医学新发展是检验工作者面临的重要课题。该文回顾检验医学的发展历程,重点关注检验医学在新时代的发展定位及未来发展方向,以求开创检验医学发展新局面。     

预印本学术交流生态中的参与主体及作用

【目的】 探究预印本学术生态的参与主体,以及参与主体发挥的具体作用,以期为我国预印本学术生态的建设提供借鉴。【方法】 通过生态角色分析的方法,调研并梳理arXiv、bioRxiv和SSRN 3个典型预印本平台的学术交流生态。根据梳理结果对预印本学术交流生态中具体的参与主体以及主体承担的生态角色进行分析,归纳预印本学术交流生态模型,结合该模型对每类主体所发挥的作用作出具体阐述。【结果】 预印本学术交流生态中有5类常见的参与主体和8种生态角色。不同参与主体承担不同的生态角色,并在预印本学术交流生态中发挥不同的作用。【结论】 预印本学术交流是一个由科学界主导的学术交流方式,各类参与主体对预印本学术交流生态建设发挥着重要作用。我国预印本学术交流的发展尚未成熟,各类参与主体需要通过承担各自的角色积极参与预印本学术交流,以推动我国学术信息交流新生态的建设和发展。     

Platelets are important for the development of immune tolerance: Possible involvement of TGF‐β in the mechanism

Platelets have diverse roles in immune processes in addition to their key functions in haemostasis and thrombosis. Some studies imply that platelets may be possibly related to the immune tolerance induction. However, the role of platelets in the development of immune tolerance is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of platelets in the development of regulatory mechanisms responsible for cutaneous inflammation using a mouse model of low zone tolerance (LZT). Mice were treated with 2,4,6‐trinitro‐1‐chlorobenzene (TNCB) 8 times every other day for tolerance induction with administration of anti‐platelet antibody or control antibody during the tolerance induction phase every 3 days. After the treatment for the tolerance induction, mice were sensitized and then challenged with TNCB. The contact hypersensitivity (CHS) was significantly decreased at 24 hours after challenge in the mice with LZT than in those without LZT. Platelet depletion via administration of anti‐platelet antibody reversed the inhibition of CHS and reduced the frequency of Foxp3⁺ Tregs in the inflamed skin and draining lymph nodes in mice with LZT. In addition, repeated low‐dose skin exposure resulted in elevated plasma levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1. Interestingly, platelet depletion reduced plasma TGF‐β1 levels of mice with LZT. Furthermore, the CHS response was reduced by administration of recombinant TGF‐β1 during platelet depletion in mice with LZT. Administration of anti‐TGF‐β antibody reversed the inhibition of the CHS responses. These results suggest that platelets are involved in the induction of immune tolerance via the release of TGF‐β1.     

In silico repurposing the Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 for treating PTTG1-high expressing clear cell renal carcinoma

The pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1), also known as Securin, is considered an oncogene. This study aimed to investigate the role of PTTG1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) using in silico bioinformatics approaches. A pan-cancer analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data indicated that among all cancer types copy number amplification of PTTG1 gene was most frequently found in ccRCC. However, amplification of PTTG1 gene copy number did not correlate with the increase of mRNA level in ccRCC, and did not predict the patients' overall survival. Instead, ccRCC was correlated with overexpression of PTTG1 mRNA, and its expression level was stage-dependent increased in cancer patients. An outlier analysis using the Oncomine database suggested that PTTG1 mRNA expression served as a good biomarker for ccRCC. Pathway analysis for upregulated genes enriched in PTTG1-high expressing ccRCC patients found that PTTG1 overexpression was associated with mitotic defects. Mining drug sensitivity data using the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (CTRP) discovered that PTTG1-high expressing ccRCC cell lines were susceptible to a Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) inhibitor NSC23766. Therefore, this study provides an in silico insight into the role of PTTG1 in ccRCC, and repurposes the Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 for treating PTTG1-high expressing ccRCC.