前瞻性护理干预在急性心力衰竭患者中的应用

目的探讨前瞻性护理干预在急性心力衰竭患者中的应用效果。方法选取2018年4月—2020年5月河南省某医院收治的122例急性心力衰竭患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,每组61例。对照组患者采用常规护理,观察组患者采用前瞻性护理,比较2组患者的干预效果、并发症发生情况,干预前后焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分及护理满意度。结果观察组患者干预总有效率为95.08%,高于对照组的75.41%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=9.385,P=0.002)。观察组患者并发症发生率为3.28%,低于对照组的18.03%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.974,P=0.008)。2组患者干预后SAS及SDS评分均低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者护理满意度为98.36%,高于对照组的86.89%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.319,P=0.038)。结论前瞻性护理干预用于急性心力衰竭患者,有助于改善患者负性情绪及减少并发症的发生。     

一体化管理的老年综合评估护理模式对前列腺癌患者心理因素和生活质量的影响

目的探讨对前列腺癌患者采用一体化管理老年综合评估(CGA)护理模式对其心理因素和生活质量的影响。方法选取2020年3月至2021年3月在南京市第一医院就诊,确诊为前列腺癌,且首次行腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术的患者96例,随机分为对照组、观察1组、观察2组,各32例。对照组为住院后采用常规护理模式进行护理,观察1组为入院后行CGA干预组,观察2组为一体化管理的CGA干预组。三组患者分别在干预前、出院时,进行焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)测评;在干预前、术后30 d,进行生活质量核心量表QLQ-C30(V3.0)和前列腺癌特异性补充量表QLQ-PR25测评。结果出院时,观察2组SAS、SDS评分显著优于对照组及观察1组(P<0.05);术后30 d,观察2组生活质量QLQ-C30、QLQ-PR25评分显著优于对照组及观察1组(P<0.05)。结论一体化管理CGA护理模式可有效改善前列腺癌患者的心理状态,提高其术后生活质量。     

Reporting radiographer academy training model; an evaluation of the impact for trainees and clinical service

IntroductionDemand on imaging services continues to increase on a background of complex issues and barriers to care. Collaborative cross organisational working through the development of imaging networks is recommended to address these issues including managing reporting workloads. Standardisation of reporting practices and collaborative cross region reporting radiographer training has been recommended to be supported by a regional reporting radiographer academy model to achieve these aims. This research explores the perceptions of trainees and their managers/mentor who undertook radiographer academy training model with a view to integrated imaging network formalisation in the region.MethodsAn online questionnaire was designed to capture qualitative and quantitative data with three phases; 1) trainees perception of the academy model, 2) trainees perception of the differences in training models and 3) the perceptions of the managers/mentors related to the academy model.ResultsThere were overwhelmingly positive opinions of the academy training model from both cohorts in this study, with the two main benefits emerging being the protected study time away from clinical departments and minimal disruption to clinical services due to reduced onus on the local mentors. Peer support was also highlighted as a positive aspect of the model which would facilitate future integrated imaging network working.ConclusionThe academy model has been well received by both cohorts in this study with positive outcomes highlighted and the model being seen as promoting and facilitating integrated imaging network working between departments. The small sample size of the study requires consideration when extrapolating the results to wider academy models, however some themes may be applicable.Implications for practiceInvestment in the reporting radiographer academy model is justified and provides a practical alternative to the traditional model.     

Survival Analysis Using Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) Grade for Patients Treated with Drug-Eluting Embolic Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

PurposeThe albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade has been established as an improved predictor of survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with conventional transarterial chemoembolization and yttrium-90 radioembolization. The purpose of the study was to investigate the utility of ALBI grade in prognosticating outcomes in patients with HCC treated with drug-eluting embolic (DEE) transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).Materials and MethodsA single-center retrospective review was performed to compare the efficacy of ALBI grade and Child-Pugh (CP) classification in predicting the survival of patients with HCC receiving DEE-TACE. A total of 303 patients with HCC were identified who had received DEE-TACE without concomitant locoregional therapy within 30 days. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier methods and censored for curative therapy. Survival curves were stratified based on the ALBI grade, CP class, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and presence of ascites. The discriminatory ability of survival curves was calculated by C-Index.ResultsKaplan-Meier survival curves stratified by the ALBI grade produced distinct, nonoverlapping curves (P < .001), showing greater discriminatory ability than the CP classification (C-index = 0.568 and 0.545, respectively). The substratification of the BCLC stage by the ALBI grade yielded greater discriminatory ability than the substratification by the CP classification (C-index = 0.573 and 0.565, respectively). For patients with BCLC stage B, the substratification by the ALBI grade yielded distinct curves, whereas the substratification by the CP classification did not (P = .011 and P = .379, respectively).ConclusionsALBI grade showed improved discriminatory ability compared with CP classification in differentiating overall survival among patients with HCC receiving DEE-TACE. Furthermore, ALBI grade was effective in substratifying survival among patients categorized as CP class A and patients with BCLC stage B, whereas CP classification was not effective.     

消风散合凉血五根汤联合西药治疗成人过敏性紫癜性肾炎临床疗效及对患者血表皮生长因子、血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶的影响

目的观察消风散合凉血五根汤联合西药治疗成人过敏性紫癜性肾炎(HSPN)的临床疗效及对患者血表皮生长因子(EGF)、血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶(PAF-AH)的影响。方法将90例成人HSPN患者按照随机数字表法分为2组。对照组45例予常规西医治疗;治疗组45例在对照组基础上加服消风散合凉血五根汤治疗。2组均治疗8周。比较2组治疗前后中医证候评分、血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、24 h尿蛋白定量、尿红细胞计数(U-RBC)、尿微量白蛋白尿肌酐比值(UACR)、估算肾小球滤过率(e GFR)、血EGF、PAF-AH水平,并统计2组临床疗效及不良反应情况。结果治疗组总有效率88.89%,对照组总有效率68.89%,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后2组各项中医证候评分及总分均降低(P<0.05),治疗组治疗后各项中医证候评分及总分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后2组Cr、BUN、24 h尿蛋白定量、U-RBC、UACR均降低(P<0.05),e GFR升高(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后Cr、BUN、24 h尿蛋白定量、U-RBC、UACR均低于对照组(P<0.05),e GFR高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后2组血EGF、PAF-AH水平均降低(P<0.05),治疗组治疗后血EGF、PAF-AH水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组不良反应率(11.11%)低于对照组(26.67%,P<0.05)。结论成人HSPN在西医治疗基础上,加用消风散合凉血五根汤可提高临床疗效,不仅可改善临床症状,还能改善肾功能,降低糖皮质激素不良反应,其机制之一可能与其下调血EGF、PAF-AH水平有关。     

穴位贴敷联合风咳汤治疗感染后咳嗽的临床研究

目的:探究风咳汤联合穴位贴敷治疗感染后咳嗽的临床疗效,以期丰富治疗方法,为治疗感染后咳嗽提供科学依据。方法:选取2017年1月至2018年1月南京市中西医结合医院收治的感染后咳嗽患者88例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组44例。对照组予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用风咳汤联合穴位贴敷治疗,均治疗2周。观察比较2组患者采用不同方法治疗前、后中医证候积分、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、诱导痰上清液中P物质(SP)含量水平变化情况。治疗过程中收集不良反应资料,结束治疗后比较2组疗效。结果:1)2组患者完成治疗方案后,中医症候积分较治疗前均显著下降,观察组显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2)治疗后2组患者IL-8、TNF-α、SP含量均较治疗前显著下降,且观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3)观察组患者临床控制率、总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4)2组患者ALT、AST、CCr、BUN水平和不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:风咳汤联合穴位贴敷治疗感染后咳嗽能提高疗效,降低炎性反应水平,改善症状和生命质量。     

社区心房颤动患者筛查及多学科协作的综合管理模式研究

随着人口老龄化的日趋严重，心房颤动（AF）已经成为我国乃至世界面临的重大公共健康问题。AF是引起脑卒中、心血管疾病、栓塞等疾病的重要危险因素，严重影响患者的健康水平和生活质量。国外研究表明，由多学科协作、以护士为主导、以患者为中心的综合管理模式，有助于降低AF患者的再入院率、心血管事件发生率及全因死亡率，提高患者满意度和生活质量。目前，我国AF管理存在诸多问题，尚未形成规范的综合管理模式。本文基于国内外AF管理指南和相关文献，梳理了AF综合管理模式的流程（包括筛查、综合评估、制定管理策略、健康教育、定期随访、转诊）及各流程的具体内容，初步制定出适合我国社区的AF筛查流程和综合管理过程，可以为构建社区AF规范化管理体系提供参考与依据。     

脂蛋白肾病1例报道及文献复习

近期重庆市中医院肾病科收治脂蛋白肾病(Lipoprotein glomerulopathy,LPG)1例。现回顾分析病例资料、中西医诊疗及随访情况,并进行文献复习、中医传统理论阐述及讨论。以提高临床对中医药诊治该病的认识。     

滋肾续骨汤联合鲑鱼降钙素对老年椎体压缩性骨折术后血清骨形态发生蛋白9及血管内皮生长因子水平的影响

目的观察滋肾续骨汤联合鲑鱼降钙素对老年椎体压缩性骨折术后血清骨形态发生蛋白9(BMP9)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平的影响。方法将80例老年椎体压缩性骨折术后患者按照随机数字表法分为2组。对照组39例予鲑鱼降钙素治疗;治疗组41例在对照组治疗基础上加用滋肾续骨汤治疗。2组均治疗24周后统计临床疗效,并观察2组治疗前后血清BMP9、VEGF水平及疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、胸腰椎损伤分类及损伤程度评分系统(TLICS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分、日本骨科协会(JOA)腰痛评分,以及椎体前缘丢失高度、伤椎Cobb角、伤椎骨密度水平及并发症发生情况。结果治疗组总有效率95.12%(39/41),对照组总有效率76.92%(30/39),治疗组临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后血清BMP9、VEGF水平均升高(P<0.05),且治疗组高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后疼痛VAS、TLICS评分均降低(P<0.05),且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后2组ODI评分均降低(P<0.05),且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后2组JOA腰痛评分均升高(P<0.05),且治疗组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后2组椎体前缘丢失高度、伤椎Cobb角均降低(P<0.05),伤椎骨密度均升高(P<0.05),且治疗组改善均优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组并发症总发生率4.88%(2/41),对照组并发症总发生率20.51%(8/39),治疗组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论滋肾续骨汤治疗老年椎体压缩性骨折术后患者疗效显著,可有效改善临床症状及血清BMP9、VEGF水平。